Phylum Annelida 1 Trochozoa (autapomorphie) Presence of the trochophore larval stage Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Rotifera Annelida Mollusca Bryozoa Brachiopoda Phoronida Arthropoda Onychophora Tardigrada Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata Trochophore larva Apical tuft Stomach Ciliary band 3 Animal innovations (symplesiomorphies) 1. Schizocoel, and metanephridia filtering coelomic fluid 2. Dorsal heart and pericardial cavity 1 2 Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Rotifera Annelida Mollusca Bryozoa Brachiopoda Phoronida Arthropoda Onychophora Tardigrada Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata Body cavities Metanepridia Schizocoelus Enterocoelus Nephrostome Tubule Cilia Bladder Nephridiopore 5 6 Page 1
Extant Animalia ~1,300,000 species Parazoa (1.2%) Radiata (0.9%) Protostomia (3.9%) Platyzoa (2.2%) Platyhelminthes (1.9%) Others (0.3%) Lophotrochozoa (9.8%) Mollusca (8.5%) Annelida (0.9%) Others (0.5%) Ecdysozoa (82.0%) Crustecea (3.1%) Chelicerata (7.6%) Atelocerata (70.3%) Others (1.1%) Deuterostomia (4.0%) Chordata (3.5%) Others (0.4%) 7 Annelida Metamerisim of mesodermal structures Four bundles of setae formed from Beta-chitin Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Rotifera Annelida Mollusca Bryozoa Brachiopoda Phoronida Arthropoda Onychophora Tardigrada Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata Annelid development Chitin O=C-CH 3 O=C-CH 3 NH CH 2 O H NH OH O O OH O OH O O CH 2 O H NH O=C-CH 3 CH 2 O H 9 10 beta-chitin sheets Annelid phylogeny Echiura Polychaeta Pognophora Clitellata gama-chitin sheets Echiura Loss or fusion of segments Spoon shaped retractable proboscis 11 12 Page 2
Echiura - spoon worms Proboscis Gutter Setae Trunk Echiura spoon worms Seta sac Nephridium Nerve cord & Blood vessel Anal sac Gonad Gutter Pharynx Intestine Proboscis 13 14 Annelid phylogeny Nereis Echiura Polychaeta Pognophora Clitellata Polychaeta Parapodia Absence of permanent gonads Gonads forming in septal walls Complex prostomium 15 (Photo by: Dave Cowles, July 2005) 16 Nereid body wall Nereid body wall Longitudinal muscles Notopodium Setal bundle Notopodium Aciculum Neuropodium Oblique muscles 17 Neuropodium Oblique muscles Acicular muscles 18 Page 3
Nereid movement Polychaete circulation Capillaries Dorsal vessel Dorsolateral Ventral vessel Midlateral Ventrolateral 19 20 Polychaete reproduction Errant polychaetes Epitoke segments Atoke segments Tentacle Palp Eye Cirrus 21 22 Feeding strategies Polychaete feeding and digestion (Suspension feeding) Suspension feeders Setal nets Scan and trap Mucous nets Ciliary-mucous Tentacle/tube feet Deposit feeders Direct deposit feeders Select deposit feeders 23 24 Page 4
Chaetopterus Suspension feeding Tentacle Chaetopterus Suspension feeding Ciliated groove Wings (Aliform parapodium) Trunk parapodium Food cup Enlarged notopodium Parapodium Fan parapodium Mucus bag with food 25 26 Polychaete feeding and digestion Suspension feeding Polychaete feeding and digestion Deposit feeding D. Schories www.guiamarina.com (Photo by: Dave Cowles, July 2006) 27 28 Annelid phylogeny Pogonophorans Echiura Polychaeta Pogonophora Clitellata Pogonophora Loss of the gut Trophosome with symbionts First two segments enlarged Setal segments on opisthosoma 29 30 Page 5
Pogonophora Tentacles Cephalic lobe Glandular area Cilia and paired papillae Trunk Cilia and enlarged papillae Girdle of setae Papillae Pogonophora Tentacles Cephalic lobe Glandular area Setae Septa Unpaired papilla Opisthosoma Opisthosoma 31 32 Chemosythesis Annelid phylogeny Echiura Polychaeta Pogonophora Clitellata CO 2 + 4H 2 S + O 2 [CH 2 O] n + 4S + 3H 2 O 33 Clitellata Clitellum Gonads not metameric Hermaphrodite Eggs in a cocoon Direct development 34 Reproductive system Cocoon formation Seminal vesicle Testis Seminal receptacle Sperm funnel Sperm duct Ovary Ovarian funnel 35 36 Page 6
Earthworm body wall Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle Earthworm locomotion Longitudinal contracted (setae out) Circular contracted (setae in) Coelom Seta 37 38 Earthworm circulation Dorsosubneural vessel Dorsal vessel Earthworm circulation Intestinal vessel Dorsal vessel Nephridial vessel Ventral vessel Subneural vessel Aortic arches ( Hearts ) Ventral vessel Subneural vessel 39 40 Metanephridium Dorsal vessel Nervous system Suprapharyngeal ganglion Lateral nerve Bladder Nephridiopore Nephrostome Ventral vessel Circumpharyngeal connectives Subpharyngeal ganglion Ventral nerve cord 41 42 Page 7
Nervous system Giant axon Ventral nerve cord Leeches 43 44 Leech body wall Leech body wall Circular muscle Dorsal sinus Dorsal vessel Longitudinal muscle Ventral vessel Dorsoventral muscle Lateral sinus Nerve cord Ventral sinus 45 46 Leech locomotion Hirudinida feeding and digestion Jaws Pharynx Esophagous 47 48 Page 8
Hirudinida feeding and digestion Crop Crop cecum Intestine Intestinal cecum Nermertea 49 50 10:17 AM Combination of unique proboscis and rhynchocoel Lateral coelomic vessels Vascular plugs Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Rotifera Annelida Mollusca Bryozoa Brachiopoda Phoronida Arthropoda Onychophora Tardigrada Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata n worms Rhynchocoel Proboscis Dorsal vessel Intestine Gonad 52 Proboscis Organ systems Gonopore Gonad Gut Lateral coelomic vessels Lateral nerve cord 53 54 Page 9
Body wall Protonephridia and lateral vessel Epidermis Dermis Proboscis Rhynchocoel Lateral coelomic vessel Coelomic fluid Mesenchyme Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle Cilia in terminal cell Protonephridia Collecting duct Nephridiopore 55 56 Pilidium larva Cilia tuft Muscle fiber Nerve fiber Muscle fiber Nerve ring Stomach Esophagus Allen Collins University of California Museum of Paleontology 57 58 Introvert with central disc surrunded by tentacles J shaped coiled gut Compensation sacs Unpaired nongaglionic nerve cord Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Rotifera Annelida Mollusca Bryozoa Brachiopoda Phoronida Arthropoda Onychophora Tardigrada Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata Tentacles Introvert Trunk 60 Page 10
Tentacles Urns Compensation sac Retractor muscle Mucous with coelomic debris Metanephridia Ventral nerve cord Rectum Ascending intestine Descending intestine Urn Cilia 61 62 Page 11