THE A10-TAUERN TUNNEL VENTILATION SYSTEM FROM A CONTRACTOR S PERSPECTIVE. (Experiences and lessons learned) Van Vemden F, Hofstede W. Zitron Nederland B.V. 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 0
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Design review of the ventilation system 3. Room- and installation limitations 4. Acceptance tests 5. Cross passage ventilation 6. Fan stall prevention 7. Contractual aspects 8. Local participation 9. Conclusions and recommendations 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 1
Parties involved Customer: ASFINAG Bau Management GmbH Ventilation system design: FVT - Forschungsgesellschaft für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik m.b.h. Site supervision (Örtliche Bauaufsicht, ÖBA): IDS Beratende Ingenieure GmbH Contract supervision (Begleitende Kontrolle BK): Hopferwieser Consult Ziviltechniker GmbH Ventilation System review: ILF Beratende Ingenieure m.b.h. 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 2
Ventilation system South Portal Cavern North Portal AS01 ZS01 AS02 AS03 AS04 ZS01 ZS03 ZS04 Title Q m3/s P Pa Pmot. KW AS01 165 3100 700 AS02 160 2825 700 AS03 160 2825 700 AS04 160 3250 700 ZS01 150 1625 350 Fresh air impulse damper Fire damper Fresh air throttle opening Vertical duct damper ZS02 130 1875 350 ZS03 130 1875 350 ZS04 150 1625 350 Switch over damper 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 3
Design review Elements for discussion: 1. Installation of additional Fresh air impulse damper 2. Ventilation - and design concept in case of fire 3. Cross passage ventilation 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 4
Fresh air impulse ventilation Percentile value Processing of the Pressure differences at the portals Processing of the Shaft Natural Draught 95- Percentile ZAMG Design (Planer) NP SP SP NP Shaft-Draught Up Shaft-Draught Down Pa Pa Pa Pa 236 182 553 133 165 165 1000 300 236 165 = 71 Pa x 48 (Traffic Area) = 3400 N Thrust (120 kw Jet fan Power) 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 5
Room- and installation limitations 6000 AS-01 Exhaust 2140x2140 ø2522 2140 x 2140 Wire mesh 9000 450 2000 2570 3540 (FMU) Exhaust 3000x3000 ø2522 Wire mesh 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 6
Room- and installation limitations 6000 AS-01 Exhaust 2140x2140 ø2522 2140 x 2140 Wire mesh CFD calculations to optimize inlet and outlet shape (ILF) 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 7
Room- and installation limitations 6000 9000 450 2000 2570 3540 (FMU) 2140x2140 ø2522 2140 x 2140 3000x3000 ø2522 Tauern Exhaust Fan AS01 (Impellerdiameter 2510 mm.) Volume Duct v P-dyn. Component m3/s m2. m/s Pa ζ [ - ] P Pa Optimum Duct lay-out Duct v P-dyn. m2. m/s Pa Inlet part: Screen 160 4,84 33,06 639,30 0,10 63,93 9,00 17,78 184,89 0,10 18,49 Inlet piece 160 4,84 33,06 639,30 0,05 31,97 9,00 17,78 184,89 0,09 16,64 Discharge duct / Diffuser: Inlet 160 3,38 47,36 1312,22 3,38 47,36 1312,22 Outlet 160 3,27 48,89 1398,25 4,61 34,67 703,26 Efficiency / factor 160 0,15 12,90 0,15 91,34 Impuls losses 3>4 With innerpipe 160 3,71 43,13 1088,28 5,05 31,67 586,87 Without innerpipe 160 4,84 33,06 639,30 60,89 6,18 25,88 391,87 20,13 Fan isolation dampe 160 3,71 43,13 1088,28 0,25 272,07 9,00 17,78 184,89 0,25 46,22 Total Fan pressure losses 441,76 192,82 In- and outlet concrete duct losses (based on assumption of 1,5 x dynamic loss) 958,95 277,33 Total losses 1400,71 470,15 Fan Power at 85% efficiency 263,66 88,50 ζ [ - ] P Pa 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 8
Room- and installation limitations CAVERN DIRECTION SALZBURG 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 9
Room- and installation limitations CAVERN DIRECTION VILLACH 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 10
Room- and installation limitations Cooling air ducts Tunnel Tube Sbg. Hydraulic & air measurement piping 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 11
Acceptance tests 1. Leakage test 2. Flow measurements at different fire scenarios 3. Fire test 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 12
Acceptance tests LEAKAGE TEST FAN M1 M2 V1 V2 Leakage Duct (v-duct) = v1 - v2 FAN M1 M2 V1 V2 Leakage Fire Dampers = v1 - v2 - v.duct Damper in open position Damper in closed position with foil closure M1 = Measuring section 1 >> V1 = Air flow M1 [m³/s] M2 = Measuring section 2 >> V2 = Air flow M2 [m³/s] Damper in closed position without foil closure 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 13
Acceptance tests CAVERN FIRE TEST SOUTH PORTAL AL ZL Ventilation section 3 Ventilation section 4 A Duct damper, closed position Wall Natural draught A View A-A 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 14
Acceptance tests Fire test Tunnel tube Sbg.: Block 142 & 354 Tunnel Tube Vil.: Block 150 & 408 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 15
Das Bild kann zurzeit nicht angezeigt werden. Cross passage ventilation Design Options 1. Speed control with pressure sensor and door switches (Tauern) 2. Overpressure damper 3. Overpressure opening or fire damper 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 16
Cross passage ventilation Cross Passage AL ZL Cross passage fan in operation ZL AL RFB Salzburg Air supply RFB Villach Escape route Escape door Design data 1. Overpressure in the cross passage with both escape-doors closed: 50 Pa. 2. In case of one escape-door open (ca. 2 m2 open area) Airflow 5 m3/s (velocity 2,5 m/s.) 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 17
Das Bild kann zurzeit nicht angezeigt werden. Cross passage ventilation Speed control of the fan(s) Pressure sensor and Door switches Advantage: - No overpressure damper Disadvantages - Accelerating and decelerating fans takes time - Control system necessary 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 18
Cross passage ventilation System with overpressure damper 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 19
Cross passage ventilation System with overpressure damper 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 20
Cross passage ventilation System with overpressure damper 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 21
Cross passage ventilation System with overpressure damper 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 22
Cross passage ventilation System with overpressure damper 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 23
Cross passage ventilation System with pressure relief opening or fire damper 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 24
Cross passage ventilation System with pressure relief opening or fire damper 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 25
Cross passage ventilation System with small (0,5 m2) overpressure damper and slide doors (Pmax=120 Pa) 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 26
Fan stall prevention 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 27
Fan stall prevention 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 28
Commercial aspects Price escalation (ÖNORM B2111) Indices Labour: Baukostenindex Baunebengewerbe Split-up Lüftung und Klima 100% Product: Labour: Baukostenindex für Lüftung und Klima 60% Material: Großhandelspreisindex 51.52.21 Eisen und Stahl 40% 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 29
Commercial aspects Entwicklung Großhandelspreisindex 51.52.21 Eisen und Stahl Großhandelspreisindex 200.00 180.00 160.00 140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08 Jan 09 Feb 09 Monat Mar 09 Apr 09 May 09 Jun 09 Jul 09 Aug 09 Sep 09 51.52.21 Eisen und Stahl Sonstiges Lohn 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 30
Commercial aspects Example: Price basis 0-date June 2008 Due date Sept. 2009 Labour: 127,78 132,69 Others: Labour: 130,02 138,5 Material: 174,6 94,2 Price Splitup Po without Lo / Mo Ldd / Mdd Price factor Pdd with % esc. % esc. % labour 20 20 127.78 132.69 1.04 20.77 Product: 80 Product split-up Labour 48 48 130.02 138.50 1.07 51.13 Material 32 32 174.60 94.20 0.54 17.26 100 89.16 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 31
Local Participation 1. Facilitating and assisting in local assembly. 2. Supply of steel construction work. 3. Education of local employees / staff. 4. Local handling of service- and maintenance work. 5. A quick response time in case of failure or damage. 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 32
Local Participation 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 33
Conclusions, Recommendations 1. Design review The design review has to take place immediately after contract award to cover for possible consequences in time. 2. Fan room and duct dimensions Allowing for sufficient space for fans and ventilation components will reduce capital cost and energy consumption. 3. Acceptance tests Carrying out site tests is not only required to prove system performance but can also reveal further optimisation possibilities. 4. Cross passage ventilation More attention should be given to the response time for pressurizing cross passages and the control thereof. 5. Price escalation Customers may, in co-operation with contractors, allow for limits in price variation to limit overall economic risk for longer term contracts. 6. Local Participation Local participation contributes to local interest and substantial reduction of cost for travelling and lodging. 6 th Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation Graz 22-24 April 2012 34