Earth -> 6: Water, Water Everywhere Getting Started Lesson 6: Water, Water Everywhere? Big Ideas P How do living things depend on the Earth for survival? P What are examples of matter found on Earth? P How can matter on Earth be used wisely and conserved? & Facts and Definitions P The ocean has salt water. P Lakes, rivers, and ponds have fresh water. P A model is a simple example of a more complex object. 8 Skills P Use geographic terminology and tools to create representations of the Earth's physical and human features through simple maps, models, and pictures (SS) P Demonstrate responsibility for the care and management of the environment (SS) P Explore physical features of continents and major bodies of water (SS) P Identify how environments support the needs of living things (S) P Describe and display data using graphs (M) P Interpret data presented on a graph (M) P Develop fluency in solving addition and subtraction problems (M) " Materials Introduction "Salt Water" "Fresh Water (Option 1)" "Fresh Water (Option 2)" "What a Catch (Page 1)" "What a Catch (Page 2)" "Resources from the Sea" "Water Is Not Just for Drinking" "Sing a Sea Song" P You're Aboard Spaceship Earth by Patricia Lauber P 3 or 4 of the following: piece of grass/leaf, small rock, small piece of paper, small piece of a sponge, toothpick, eraser from a pencil, piece of cork P 4-6 pieces of legal-size paper 9" x 13" pan P blue food coloring P colored pencils or markers P construction paper P counting manipulatives* (Activity 6 - optional) P empty water bottle P fresh whole fish P glue P magnifying glass P Play-Doh or clay* (Activity 8 - optional) P salt P tempera or acrylic paint P Page 1
Earth -> 6: Water, Water Everywhere Ask your child to name the different bodies of water found on Earth - oceans, lakes, rivers, and ponds. Ask her to name animals that can be found in the ocean. Explain to her that most of the Earth's surface is covered with water, not land. The oceans are the largest bodies of water. Ask her to name the five oceans found on the Earth. Activities Activity 1: Salt Water Tell your child that the oceans are filled with salt water. Get a cup of water, add salt, and let her drink a sip. Explain that people should not drink much salt water because too much salt is not good for the body. Special plants and animals are designed to live in salt water, while other plants and animals are better suited to live in fresh water. Let your child look closely at the different levels of the ocean on the activity sheet, "Salt Water." Explain that different fish can be found at different depths of the ocean. The deeper you go, the colder and darker the ocean becomes. Help your child read the depth of each level, and remind her that the more digits found in a number, the larger the number. Let her circle the smallest number in green (shallowest), the middle number in blue, and the largest (deepest) number in black. She can color and label the animals using the words from the box. If your child is not familiar with a plant or animal, look for information about it in an encyclopedia or online. Let her color the top layer of the ocean a light bluish green, the middle layer blue, and the deepest level navy blue. Write down three or four numbers with one to four digits and ask her to order them from largest to smallest. Over the next week, help your child practice reading numbers by writing five to ten numbers with three digits for her to read. If your child can already read three-digit numbers, you can do the same with four-digit numbers. Note: For extended math practice, show your child how to read hundreds numbers from 100-900 (if she has not mastered this yet). Explain that these numbers are followed by two zeros. Show her how other three-digit numbers can be written and how to say them correctly. For example, for 124, you read the first number as one hundred, and then you read the twenty-four. Share more examples. Explain that the first number in a three-digit number is in the hundreds place, the second number is in the tens place, and the third number is in the ones place. Activity 2: Waves If your child has been to the ocean, ask her what she enjoyed most. If not, ask her what she thinks she would enjoy about the ocean. Ask your child what a wave is and if she has ever wondered how waves are made. Today she will make a model of a wave. A model is a small copy of something that is designed to look like the real thing. A model helps us study and learn more about the real thing. Give your child a 9"x13" baking pan filled about halfway with water. Ask her to think about different ways she can make waves in the pan. Give her some time to experiment and describe what she discovers. Ask your child if she tried blowing across the surface of the water to make waves. If not, encourage her to try it. Ask her if there is anything in nature that could make waves in the same way (the wind). Ask your child to fill an empty two-liter bottle about 2/3 full of water. Then ask her to add a few drops of blue food coloring, put the lid on, and turn the bottle on its side, rocking it back and forth. Explain that this is also a model for a wave. Open the bottle and add three or four of the following objects: a piece of grass or leaf, a very small rock, a very small piece of paper, a small piece of a sponge, a toothpick, an eraser from a pencil, or a piece of cork. Ask her to turn the bottle back on its side and make waves again. Let her watch what happens to the different materials as they are carried by the waves. Ask her to think of what the different materials could represent in the ocean. Activity 3: Fresh Water Explain to your child that the fresh water on Earth is the water we drink. Fresh water is found in lakes, ponds, and rivers. This does not mean that we should drink water from a lake or river; that water first needs to be cleaned. For this activity your child will explore animals found in fresh water. Choose an option for her to complete. Option 1 Page 2
Earth -> 6: Water, Water Everywhere Ask your child to look at the animals on the "Fresh Water" (Option 1) page. She should follow the color guide and circle each animal according to whether it is an insect, fish, amphibian, mammal, or reptile. Then she can color the habitat. Ask your child to write a sentence or two that describes how freshwater bodies of water are different from the ocean. Option 2 Show your child the "Fresh Water" (Option 2) sheet. Ask her to draw two examples of each type of animal that would be found in or around the fresh water. Your child may need to read about wetland animals to complete this activity. Ask her to write a sentence or two that describes how freshwater bodies of water are different from the ocean. Activity 4: What a Catch The first page of the "What a Catch!" sheet has a graph that your child will complete to show the weight of the fish in the pond on the second page. Explain to your child that many graphs have ranges. A range is when two numbers are listed and the numbers in between are not listed. For example, a range from 1-10 (write this for your child) includes the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Your child can color the fish according to the chart. On the graph, she should write a title and label the x-axis and y-axis. After completing the graph, she can color the bars. Day 2 Activity 5: Fishy Placemats Ask your child what body covering fish have (scales). Give your child a clean fish and let her look closely at the eyes and scales using a magnifying glass. Tell her that she is going to use the fish to create placemats. Give her tempera or acrylic paint and let her paint the entire fish with her favorite color. Then let her press the body of the fish firmly on a sheet of white, legal-size paper. The fish scales and eyes will leave a pattern on the paper. Reapply paint and repeat until she has made a placemat for every family member. She can glue her fish prints on large pieces of construction paper, and you can have the placemats laminated so the family can use them. Activity 6: Resources from the Sea Ask your child if she can think of resources that come from the ocean besides fish. Examples include seaweed, shrimp, lobster, mollusks, minerals, oil, diamonds, pearls, and shells. Let your child read the names of the resources on the sheet called "Resources from the Sea." Then she can solve the math problems. It might help her to use counting manipulatives such as base ten cubes, pennies, or paper clips. She should write out vertical equations for the problems that involve addition and subtraction. Ask her to identify each problem as counting, addition, or subtraction. Activity 7: Water Is Not Just for Drinking Explain to your child that water has many purposes. Reread pages 12-15 in the book, You're Aboard Spaceship Earth. Ask your child to think of different ways she uses water. The page, "Water is Not Just for Drinking," lists some different ways that water can be used. Ask your child to write a sentence about the importance of each example. Then ask her to number the uses of water from one to four, one being most important and four least important. At the bottom of the page, she can write and illustrate an example of how she uses water (other than drinking). Activity 8: A New Ocean Creature Tell your child that a scientist who studies the ocean is an oceanographer, and a scientist who studies ocean life is a marine biologist. Ask your child to talk about some of her favorite ocean animals. Discuss the body parts of ocean animals (fins, tentacles, suckers, scales). Look at pictures of ocean life on the Internet. Tell her to pretend to be a marine biologist who has just returned from a dive into the ocean and has discovered a new form of ocean life. Ask her to think about what this creature looks like and to draw or build it from clay or Play-Doh. The creature can have characteristics of ocean creatures or be something completely new. Next, ask her to give her animal a name and to write a short paragraph that tells where the creature is found, what it eats, and what some of its unique features are. Wrapping Up Ask your child what she learned about the ocean. Teach her the following song. Give her a copy of the song (provided in the Student Activity Book) so she can follow along as you sing it with her. Based on the song from Ranger Rick's Nature Scope: Diving into Oceans (p. 8), this song is sung to the tune of "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean." Sing a Sea Song Page 3
Earth -> 6: Water, Water Everywhere Verse 1: The Earth is all covered with ocean. The Earth is all covered with sea. The Earth is all covered with ocean. More water than land don't you see? Chorus: Water, water, There's water all over the world (the world). Water, water, There's water all over the world. Verse 2: So salty and cold is the ocean. So salty and cold is the sea. So salty and cold is the ocean. Too cold and too salty for me. Repeat Chorus Verse 3: Atlantic, Pacific, the Arctic, Southern and Indian too. These oceans all cover our planet. I named all of them now can you? Repeat Chorus Page 4
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Earth -> 6: Water, Water Everywhere Conclusion Page 19
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