Name Block History/Explorers/Expeditions/Technology Webquest! http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/history-ocean/21st.html Click on: History of Oceanography (on the left side of the page) 1. Oceanography may be one of the newest fields of science, but its roots extend back several of years when people began to venture from their coastlines in. 2. But it wasn t until about years ago (850 BC) that early naturalists and philosophers started trying to make sense of the enormous they saw from land. 3. Modern began as a field of science only a little less than years ago, in the late 19th century. 4. The first scientific expedition to explore the world s oceans and seafloor was the, from 1872 to 1876, on board the British three-masted warship. 5. But modern oceanography really took off, during World War II, when the wanted to learn more about the oceans to gain fighting advantages, especially in warfare. Click on: The Age of Discovery 6. About years ago, European explorers turned to the sea to find faster to cities in Asia and Europe. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal recognized the oceans importance to trade and commerce and he established a. You could think of it as the first. 7. In the late 1400s, Christopher Columbus became the first European to sail westward across the and return home. 8. In the early 1500s Ferdinand Magellan sailed all the way around, or, the globe. 1
Click on: Benjamin Franklin 9. Benjamin Franklin contributed to oceanography in the mid- to late 1700s by making and good observations of off the US Coast. 10. What is the Gulf Stream? 11. How much water is carried by the Gulf Stream? Click on: The Challenger Expedition 12. Modern oceanography began with the Expedition between 1872 and 1876. It was the first expedition organized specifically to gather on a wide range of ocean, including ocean temperatures, seawater chemistry, currents,, and the geology of the seafloor. 13. Among the Challenger Expedition s discoveries was one of the deepest parts of the ocean -- the in the western Pacific, where the seafloor is, or more than 4 miles deep (8,200 meters). 14. Where is the deepest place in all of the oceans? 15. How many feet deep is it? Click on: 21 st Century 16. When have most of the major discoveries in oceanography occurred? 17. In the future, oceanographers want to go beyond learning down there in the ocean and learn what s down there. 18. Why is it sometimes difficult to study the ocean? 19. Today oceanographers are launching a of ocean exploration. They want to establish ocean floor observatories with arrays of and instruments that make of various ocean properties and events. 2
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/technology/technology.html Click on Platforms: Vessels 20. What do these vessels provide for ocean exploration? Click on NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown 21. Where is the vessel based? 22. What are some of the ships purposes? Click on R/V Atlantis 23. Who owns this ship? 24. What other vessels does the ship support? 25. What is Atlantis most distinguishing feature? (How can you look at the ship and know it from other vessels?) On that same page, go to the bottom and click on the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution If you are not automatically redirected from the new page, click the link. Explore the web page and answer the following questions. 26. What is the mission of WHOI? 27. Approximately how many people does WHOI employ? 28. Who funds WHOI? Close the web site and you should be back on the vessel page. Click on R/V Kilo Moana 29. What does Kilo Moana mean? 30. What is the deep water multi-beam echo sounder capable of doing? 3
Click on R/V Western Flyer 31. Who owns this vessel? 32. What is the advantage of the ships design with the hull above the water? Go back to the top of the page and click on Technology - upper middle bar. Scroll down and click on Platforms: Submersibles 33. What do submersibles allow researchers to do that satellites, divers, and sonar cannot? Now click on Alvin 34. Who owns and operates this submersible? 35. Who is the vessel named after and why? 36. What is the hull of the vessel made of? Why? 37. How long can it stay underwater in normal conditions? 38. How long can the life support keep the sub and occupants alive? 39. What is Alvin capable of doing? 40. How much does it weigh? 41. Give the dimensions length, height, width. 42. What is its speed in knots? 43. What moves the vessel? 44. How is it powered? 45. What types of studies does Alvin allow scientist to conduct? 46. What theory did Alvin help confirm as a truth? 4
47. What did scientists discover in 1977 using the submersible Alvin? 48. What did Alvin help to find in 1966? 49. Alvin found which lost ship in 1985? (Hint: Robert Ballard was the one who discovered it!) 50. What helped to preserve Alvin when it was submerged for 11 months on the sea floor? 51. How many dives does Alvin usually make each year? 52. What is the name of the ship that launches Alvin? Go back to the submersibles page. Now click on Deep Worker 53. How deep can this submersible go? 54. How many people can it hold? 55. How does the pilot steer Deep Worker? 56. What advantages does Deep Worker have over its predecessors? 57. What is the difference between a ROV and a DOV (directly operated vehicle)? Go back to the submersibles page. Now click on ROV Jason 58. What does ROV stand for? 59. What is the purpose of Medea? 60. What is Jason designed for? 61. What are the titles of the 3 people that it takes to operate Jason? 62. How many Jason vehicles have been created and are they all currently in operation today? 5