Setting the Scene: The Paradox in Fisheries Development Cooperation By Åsmund Bjordal CDCF
Norwegian Development Cooperation Present political l goal: Norway shall strengthen and focus foreign aid in areas where we are comparatively strong internationally Internationally, Norway is in the forefront in fisheries, aquaculture and marine resources/ecosystems management
SCA Seafood Summit Paris, 30-31 January 2010 Norway, a coast and ocean nation : Coastline: 58 000 km, Ocean: 6 times land Agreed harvest control rule area Norwegian spring-spawningspawning herring Leading nation in fisheries i and aquaculture F F=0.125 F=0.05 2.5 m.t. 5.0 m.t. SSB 7/11
BACKGROUND Norway: world leading in maritime/marine sectors including fisheries, aquaculture, oil/fish, environment, climate. Why? 1: Rich natural resources. Why? 2: Competent industries. Why? 3: Good systems for sustainable management
My grandfather s fishing vessel, early 1950-ies. Fishing cod (Lofoten), herring (West coast) with gillnets, longlining for tusk and ling 60 feet,11 crewmembers; 60 Hp engine, 7 knots, compass, barometer
Modern speed fishing vessel, 32 feet, 25 knots, 2 crewmembers, modern instruments for fish finding, communication, navigation Fishing power: equal to or greater than the 1950- vessel with 11 crewmembers
Norwegian catch: 1945 2008 Fishers and catch/fisher 200 3 500 000 Fisk kere/fangs st per fiske er 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 3 000 000 2 500 000 2 000 000 1 500 000 1 000 000 500 000 Kvan ntum 0 0 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Kvantum (tonn) Fiskere (i 1000) Fangst (tonn) per fisker
Norwegian spring spawning herring the largest herring stock in the world The largest fish stock in the North Atlanticti
Depletion of the largest fish stock in the N. Atlantic (NSS-Herring): an eye opener and point of departure for sustainable fisheries management 4,3 spawning stock (m million tonn nes) 15 12 9 6 3 0 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 4,1 3,9 37 3,7 3,5 t o C (Toresen and Østvedt 2000)
25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Norwegian Sea Demersal Pelagic Spawning stock biomass of demersal fish (cod, haddock, saithe, Greenland halibut) and pelagic fish (Norwegian spring spawning herring, blue whiting (1981-), mackerel). Source: ICES. Gytebi Biom iomasse (thousan (10nd 00 tonnes) 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Barents sea 14 Demersal Pelagic 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Biomass (mill. tonnes) 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Demersal fish (cod (1+), haddock (3+), redfish (S.mentella 6+), Greenland halibut (5+)) and pelagic fish (capelin (1+), herring (1 and 2), polar cod (1+) and blue whiting (2004- (1+)). Source: ICES.
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 51,5 Largest fishing nations Fisheries and aquaculture 2006 7,0 7,0 6,1 5,3 5,0 4,9 4,2 3,6 3,3 3,0 Peru India Indone nesia USA Chile Jap apan Thaila iland Viet Nam Russla sland Norge Kilde: EFF, FAO Kina K Mengde i millioner tonn
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Largest seafood export nations 2006 9,1 5,5 5,2 42 4,2 4 3,7 3,6 3,4 2,9 2,8 Kina Norg orge Thaila land USA Danma mark Cana ada Chile Vietna tnam Span ania Nederla land Kilde: FAO Ki Milliarder USD
Norw production of seafood and meat: 2008: in 1000 tons Datakilde= ssb foreløpige tall
i mrd NOK Export value and subsidies Norwegian fisheries1962-2008 45 3 40 2,5 35 30 2 25 1,5 20 15 1 10 0,5 5 0 0 Eksportv verdi i mrd NOK 1962 19666 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 20022 2006 Nærin gstiltak Eksportverdi Næringstiltak Kilde: EFF
Nature (Feb-09): Compliance to the FAO Code of Conduct
Sustainable management a key to success in fisheries and aquaculture Sustainable management does not come easy By learning from serious mistakes Norway has over the last 40 years developed world leading competense in sustainable science based management in fisheries, aquaculture, oil/fish/environment
The Paradox in Fisheries Development Cooperation Political l goal: Norway to strengthen th and focus foreign aid in areas where we are comparatively strong Norway in the forefront in marine resources/ecosystems management Reality: Less than 1% of Norwegian foreign aid goes to fisheries and aquaculture a steady reduction over the last decades
WHY? (1) Poor results in fisheries i projects? 2008: Evaluation of Norwegian Development Co-operation in the Fishery Sector (1985-2006) (not including the Nansen program) Over all conclusion: close to flattering
WHY? (2) The Nansen program; continous institutional building and on the job training since 1976 with the R/V Dr. Fridjof Nansen as a core By and large: Positive conclusions from several evaluations
WHY? (3)??????
Norwegian Fisheries development cooperaton 2010 Less than 1% of foreign aid Bi-lateral and regional: small and scattered projects not sustainable Successful courses for foreign students at Norwegian universities have been terminated The EAF-Nansen program in troubled waters financially
So? Fisheries i Development Cooperation. Quo vadis? Will Norway strengthen and focus its development cooperation in a field where we are in the international forefront - or? Shall we (as in the past) meet the future without any strategy for development cooperation in fisheries and aquaculture?