Basketball is a team sport consisting of 5 players per side on the court. The objective of the game is to score as many points in your opponents hoop in order to win the game. The game starts with a jump ball where the referee stands in the centre circle with two opposing players and throws the ball into the air. The players will jump with an attempt of getting the ball for their team.
1891: Dr James Naismith (1861-1939) invented the game in Springfield Massachusetts, U.S.A. In the beginning an actual football was used and two peach baskets for goals. 1892: The 1 st official game was played with nine players 1893: The game was introduced to many nations by the Y.M.C.A. movement 1894: The 1 st basketball was manufactured and made of laced leather. 1897-1898: Teams were reduced to five players. 1932: The International Basketball Federation (FIBA) was founded in Geneva. The founding members were Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, and Switzerland.
1934: The International Olympic Committee (IOC) officially recognised the sport. 1936: The game was introduced to the Olympics in Berlin. 1937: The National Basketball League was formed 1939: (National Collegiate Athletic Association)NCAA organized the first basketball championship on. Initially 8 teams participated 1946: the Basketball Association of America was formed 1948: The modern version of a basketball was invented. made of genuine leather. 1949: The Basketball Association of America and the National Basketball League merge to create the National Basketball Association (NBA). 1950s: Basketball becomes a major college sport.
POINT GUARD: usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the team's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time. SHOOTING GUARD: creates a high volume of shots on offense; guards the opponent's best perimeter player on defense. SMALL FORWARD: often primarily responsible for scoring points via cuts to the basket and dribble penetration; on defense seeks rebounds and steals, but sometimes plays more actively. POWER FORWARD: plays offensively often with their back to the basket; on defense, plays under the basket (in a zone defense) or against the opposing power forward (in man-to-man defense). CENTER: uses height and size to score (on offense), to protect the basket closely (on defense), or to rebound.
The basic skills for the game of Basketball are: Dribbling Passing Shooting
1 st quarter BREAK 2 nd quarter Half Time 3 rd quarter BREAK 4 th quarter 10 mins 2 mins 10 mins 15 mins 10 mins 2 mins 10 mins
Referees Referees are the main officials of the game. They are the ones who are actually responsible for enforcing rules and regulations and calling fouls and violations. The number of referees officiating a game depends on the level of play. In international basketball or NCAA game, it can be either one referee and one umpire or one referee and two umpires officiate a game. They wear typical black and white stripped shirts and black pants.
Lead Referee Lead referee (also known as crew chief in NBA) is the in charge of the game. Normally, all two or three referees are independent in terms of making their decisions but in case of a dispute, it s the lead referee whose verdict is considered final. Scorers There can be one or two scorers in a game depending on the rules of the league and their job is to write down the stats relevant to the game. They keep a running summary of points scored, notify field goals and free throws made and missed. They also record the fouls called on each player and informs a referee if sixth fouls is called against a player (to eject him from game). Also notes the timeouts and let the referee knows if all timeouts have been used up by a team.
Timers Timer assists referee in recording time. Generally, two timers are appointed by the league. One is official timer who operates the game clock and the other is shot clock operator who operates 24 second clock. Official timer alerts referee when each half is going to start and stops the clock when any kind of interruption occurs during a game (fouls, out of bounds, timeouts etc.) while shot clock timer informs referee when a player takes 24 or more seconds to shoot a ball (keeping the ball in possession for 24 seconds or more is a violation).
Basketball Court 1
FIBA competitions, the court dimension is exactly 28m in length by 15m in width. Centre Circle At the centre of the court, a centre jump circle is marked. The diameter of centre circle is 12 ft. Three-Point Field Goal Area(Three-Point Line) Three-point field goal area is an arc on a basketball court, marked at a specific distance from the basket. A field goal outside this arc worth 3 points. FIBA competitions, standard distance is 6.25m (20.5ft) Free Throw Lane Free throw lane, key, restricted area, shaded lane and paint, these are the different names of a single section on the court. Free throw lane is a rectangular area underneath the basket that starts from baseline and stretches to the free throw line (foul line). The length of this area is 19 ft. (from baseline to foul line) and its width is usually around 12 to 16 ft. If an offensive player stays on this area for 3 seconds or more than 3 seconds, it counts as a violation.
Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact. Hitting Pushing Slapping Holding Illegal pick/screen -- when an offensive player is moving. When an offensive player sticks out a limb and makes physical contact with a defender in an attempt to block the path of the defender.
Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while being fouled, then he gets two free throws if his shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go in. Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was committed upon. Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing position in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.
Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and punching. This type of foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining possession of the ball after the free throws. Intentional foul. When a player makes physical contact with another player with no reasonable effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials. Technical foul. Technical foul. A player or a coach can commit this type of foul. It does not involve player contact or the ball but is instead about the 'manners' of the game. Foul language, obscenity, obscene gestures, and even arguing can be considered a technical foul, as can technical details regarding filling in the scorebook improperly or dunking during warmups.
Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball is traveling. Moving your pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling is traveling. Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or, sometimes, even under the ball. Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up the dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble. Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the ball at the same time. In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the action and awards the ball to one team or the other on a rotating basis.
Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down toward the basket, while it's on the way up toward the basket after having touched the backboard, or while it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's goaltending and the shot counts. If committed by an offensive player, it's a violation and the ball is awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in. Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they cannot go back across the line during possession. If they do, the ball is awarded to the other team to pass inbounds. Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to pass the ball. If he does not, then the ball is awarded to the other team. Other time restrictions include the rule that a player cannot have the ball for more than five seconds when being closely guarded and, in some states and levels, shot-clock restrictions requiring a team to attempt a shot within a given time frame.
Blocked shot: When the defence deflects or stops a shot attempt with their hand while the ball is still on its upward flight. Field goal: A basket scored from an action on the playing court except free throws. Field goal: A basket scored from an action on the playing court except free throws. Fifth (5th) foul : Player who has committed five (5) either personal and/or technical fouls must automatically leave the game. Free throw: An opportunity given to a player to score one (1) point, uncontested, from position behind the free throw line and inside the semicircle. Personal foul: Player foul which involves illegal contact with an opposing player, whether the ball is live or dead Twenty-four (24) second rule: When a player gains control of a live ball on the court, a shot for goal must be attempted by his team within 24 seconds. Infraction of this article is a violation. Turnover: If the offensive team loses possession of the ball without attempting either a field goal or a free throw.
Violation: An infraction of the rules of the game: Travelling Illegal dribble or double dribble Carrying the ball 3 second violation 5 second violation 8 second violation 24 second shot clock violation Ball returned to back court out of bounds Intentional foot ball Basket interference