From the Wellhead to the Tanker Offshore Production Systems
Index Offshore Installations Subsea Systems Field overview Christmas Trees Manifolds Templates Mid-Water Arches Topsides FPSOs The Oil Production The Gas Compression Train Produced Water
Offshore Installations Fixed Platform (FP) (to 500m) Compliant Tower (CT) Sea Start (Mini TLP) Floating (300-650m) Prod. Systems (FPS) (500-1050m) (100-2000m) Tension Leg Platform (TLP) Single Point mooring And Reservoir (SPAR) (450-2100m) (450-2400m)
Subsea Systems
Christmas Trees Horizontal Type Vertical Type
Christmas Trees
Christmas Trees
Christmas Trees
Subsea Manifolds Colect the production fluid from several wells and at the same time may distribute gas (for Gas Lift) to the wells. Some manifolds have distribution units that supply trees and other manifolds with hydraulic fluid, chemicals and electric power/signals.
Trees/Manifold Configurations 1 1. Cluster 2. Daisy Chain 3. Hybrid 2 3
Templates Advantages No jumpers or flying leads Easy to protect against fishing gear Cost effective for large number of wells Easy to move between wells during drilling/workover Disadvantages Only for compact reservoirs or high permeability High capital cost Difficult access for ROVs Heavy lifting may be required to install template
Mid-Water Arches The mid-water arch is produced by a single buoyancy unit anchored to the seabed. A number of risers can pass over a single buoyancy unit, which fixes their separation relative to each other. The configuration gives very good dynamic response but arch behaviour may restrict its use in shallow waters; that is, less than 90 m
Flexibles and Umbilicals Flexible Flowline (Well fluid / Gas) Umbilical (Electric Power/Signals, Chemicals, Hydraulic fluid)
Turret / Riser Balcony (FPSO) Turret Design Riser Balcony
Subsea Overview and Q&A
Topsides
FPSOs Living Quarters Power Generation / Utilities Water Treatment / Utilities Oil Separation Gas Compression Advantages Flare Deepwaters Small/disperse reservoirs Mobile Storage / No oil export line Space on deck Disadvantages 28/03/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico Sensitive to motions
Oil Production PFD
Gas-Oil Separators Separation of 4 phases: Oil Gas Water Sand!
Dehydrators / Desalters Separation of 3 phases: Oil Water Sand!
Oil Rundown Cooler Plate fin heat exchanger Cooling medium: treated seawater Cools the crude from 65ºC to 50ºC before storage
Gas Recompression Gas from the separators gets collected and recompressed in several stages. After each compression stage, the gas must be cooled down and scrubbed before the following compression stage. Recompressed gas will serve the following purposes: Gas for reservoir reinjection Gas Lift Gas Export line Platform power generation
Gas Coolers and Scrubbers Gas Cooler Gas Scrubber
Gas Dehydration Export gas must have a very low water content Dehydration of the Natural Gas is done at the Glycol Contactor column. Rich Glycol is regenerated in an adjacent Glycol Unit Glycol Contactor Column Glycol Contactor Column Glycol Unit
Produced Water De-Oiling Sand Filters Water collected at the separators is subsequently treated. Treatment consists of degasification and de-oiling of the water If the water is to be reinjected to the reservoir, then it also needs to be de-aerated and all O2 content is to be removed. Produced water that does not get reinjected will be disposed to sea (Seawater Rejects) De-Oiling Hydrocyclones Seawater Rejects
Produced Water Deaeration Degasification
Topsides Overview and Q&A