IOSR Jounal Engineeing (IOSRJEN) ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 Vol. 07, Issue 03(Mach 2017), V1 PP 40-48 www.iosjen.og EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon: an analysis changes in citizens awaeness and satisfaction Suk Hee Kim a, Kyu Jin Lee b, 1, Keechoo Choi c a Uban Safety and Envionmental Reseach Division, Suwon Reseach Institute 126 Suin-o Gwonseon-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do, South Ka b TOD based Sustainable Uban Tanspotation Reseach Cente, Ajou Univesity 206 Wold cup-o Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do c Depatment Engineeing, Ajou Univesity 206 Wold cup-o Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do Abstact: In the existing policy famewok fo the expansion tanspotation facilities, in ode fo sustainable geen gowth, thee has been a paadigm shift towads educing impacts to the uban envionment and ealizing a low-cabon ecological polis. In paticula, thee has been a necessity fo a mobility management policy famewok that can change peoples' psychological and envionmental peceptions to induce a willingness to change individual behavios towads the eduction pivate vehicle use. In line with these policy needs, Suwon City in South Ka implemented a Kan mobility management policy famewok though the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013. This study analyzed citizens' awaeness and satisfaction esidential envionments. Though the analysis, this study povides a pactical appoach fo the effective implementation ecological polis pojects.the esults the analysis the satisfaction with esidential envionments found that the festival contibuted to an oveall impovement in citizens' satisfaction with the pedestian envionment and ai and noise quality. The impovement was found to be attibuted to advetising in the media, holding public consultations and paticipating in the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon. Paticulaly, the analysis showed a change in peoples' peceptions towads an inteest in pollution in the envionment and the impotance people ove pivate vehicles. While thee wee negative peceptions and concens towads a ca-fee city pio to the festival, upon expeiencing ecomobility though the festival, oveall satisfaction inceased among citizens. While thee wee vaious obstacles thoughout the pepaation stages, afte the festival, citizens' awaeness the coexistence between the natual envionment and people was widespead and led to a shift in citizens' awaeness. The shift in awaeness levels is expected to be a diving foce in establishing a mobility management policy famewok, and the esults this study will contibute as valuable policy implications in poposing a policy famewok fo futue ecological polis pojects. Keywods:EcoMobility; Ecological Polis; EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon; Ca-fee City; Geen City; Ai Quality; Pedestian Envionment; Uban Regeneation I. INTRODUCTION The issues petaining to the concept geen cities and ecological polices stetch futhe than the existing notions sustainability, envionmentally-fiendly development and climate change, to include the fundamental change ou fossil fuel and cabon-oiented city stuctues to low-cabon-oiented city stuctues. In ode to ealize these cities, the impotance tanspotation policies is continuing to incease. In othe wods, thee is a shift in paadigm fom the existing policies petaining to the expansion tanspotation facilities to policies that educe impacts on the uban envionment, ealize low-cabon ecological polices and enhance sustainable and geen gowth. Thee is a gowing concen fo the necessity fo mobility management policies that shift peoples psychological and envionmental awaeness and peceptions, while instilling voluntay changes to tavel behavio in ode to educe the usage pivate vehicles. Loukopoulos et al. (2005) claimed that an individual s level awaeness has a geate influence on the usage a pivate vehicle, in compaison to socio-economic factos that estict pivate vehicle usage, such as the owneship a pivate vehicle and household income. Futhem, accoding to Johansson et al. (2006), concens fo the envionment, peception safety, convenience and comfot have a stong influence on mode choice and tavel pattens. In esponse to these policy needs, Suwon city in South Ka implemented a Kan mobility management model though the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon 1. This study analyzes citizens peceptions and satisfaction the * Coesponding autho. Tel.: +82-031-219-3252; fax: +82-031-219-3253 E-mail addess: tansjin@ajou.ac.k 1 An ecological polis poject by the ICLEI and UN-Habitat that changed the Haenggung-dong neighbouhood in Suwon, South Ka to a ca-fee neighbouhood duing the month Septembe 2013. 40 P a g e
EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon: an analysis changes in citizens awaeness and satisfaction neighbohood s envionment in ode to povide a pactical appoach fo the effective implementation ecological polis pojects. 1. Intoduction to the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon 1.1. Concept and policies ecomobility The Global Alliance fo EcoMobility defines ecomobility as the usage envionmentally-fiendly tanspot modes such as walking, cycling, public tanspot, wheeling (using any man poweed vehicle with wheels), othe foms non-motoized tanspot and light electic-poweed vehicles (using enewable enegy souces) in ode to enhance citizens' quality life, widen the options fo mode choice, pomote social cohesion and include vulneable pesons. Based on these pinciples, the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon was poposed fo the Haenggung-dong neighbohood in Suwon, South Ka, with an aea 0.34 km 2. The neighbohood has a population 4,343 and houses 2,220 households. In addition, Haenggung-dong seved as Suwon's old city cente and is a symbolic and cultual neighbohood holding the Hwaseong Fotess which was designated as a Wold Heitage site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultual Oganization (UNESCO) in 1997. Futhem, neighbohood is potected as a cultual heitage site, which limits development; as a esult, the neighbohood can be chaacteized as lagging in compaison to othe neighbohoods. Nevetheless the neighbohood's infastuctue and facilities wee impoved though the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon and the neighbohood was evitalized, esulting in an uban egeneation effect. The following policy diections wee poposed fo the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon: 1) the constuction ecomobility infastuctue, 2) suppot fo citizens' lifestyles and 3) opeation cultual festivals. 1.2. Constuction ecomobility infastuctue In ode to shift pivate vehicle uses to walk and use envionmentally-fiendly tanspot modes, bef the implementation the poject, a vaiety ecomobility infastuctue was constucted to tansfom the neighbohood into a pedestian-fiendly envionment. The constuction included the implementation planting stips along the selected ecomobility steets and old alleyways and the expansion pedestian sidewalks (and the subsequent naowing the oadways) in ode to impove the pedestian envionment. In addition, the unused spaces in the neighbohood wee econstucted as paks whee pedestians could est and enjoy leisue activities. Vaious measues wee taken to impove the old city cente's esidential envionment, such as the constuction building signs and geen buildings, emoval walls, facade impovements old apatments and the undegounding ovehead powe lines. a b Fig. 1. Constuction the ecomobility neighbohood (a) bef impovements; (b) afte impovements. a b 41 P a g e
EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon: an analysis changes in citizens awaeness and satisfaction Fig. 2. Constuction the ecomobility neighbohood (a) bef impovements; (b) afte impovements. 1.3. Suppot fo citizens convenience As the daily life the citizens the Haenggung-dong neighbohood is connected with the policy famewok, suppot fo the neighbohood's citizens was a pioity in implementing the festival. In ode to integate citizens' opinions, doo-to-doo suveying was pefomed on numeous occasions. In ode fo citizens to cay out a ca-fee lifestyle duing the festival, altenate ecomobility tanspot modes wee povided and tempoay paking lots outside the neighbohood (5 paking lots with a total 1,620 lots) wee constucted. A fee shuttle bus sevice was povided to tanspot citizens between the neighbohood and the newly constucted tempoay paking lots in ode to educe any inconvenience fo citizens. In addition, in ode to vitalize commecial activities in the neighbohood, an EcoMobility Festival coupon was established and a Haenggung-dong cultual maket was poposed to suppot long-tem, sustainable cultual commecial activities. 1.4. Cultual festival pogam Fo the duation the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon, vaious hands-on activities, festival events and exhibitions wee caied out in ode fo visitos to the neighbohood to bette undestand and expeience ecomobility. Diffeent activities, events and exhibitions wee caied out fo citizens, childen and citizens. Fo citizens, activities included bike taxi iding, ecomobility community dancing, guided tous though the ecomobility neighbohood and an exhibition old photos collected fom citizens. Fo childen, activities included an ecomobility uban camp, special session fo futue geneations, in addition to hands-on activities whee childen could ide diffeent types bicycles, expeience uban faming and attend leaning sessions on the envionment. Fo citizens, activities included ecomobility paades, a contest fo ecomobility policy ideas, steet festival with the paticipation commecial businesses, opeation food and snack stands, among othe vaious cultual festival pogams. In addition, the exhibitions vaious non-motoized tanspotation modes and tam system (which is to be implemented by Suwon City) allowed fo citizens to be bette acquainted with diffeent types tanspot modes. Fig. 3. Hands-on activities and exhibitions 2. Analysis changes in citizens satisfaction and awaeness 2.1. Oveview inteview suveys In ode to assess the successful implementation the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon, suveys wee caied out bef and afte the festival. To analyze the enhancement pomotion and awaeness and the neighbohood's envionment, the citizens and wokes the Haenggung-dong neighbohood wee suveyed face-to-face. To analyze the change in awaeness and tavel behavio afte the festival, suveying was pefomed two months afte the end the festival. An oveview the suvey contents ae shown in the following table. 42 P a g e
EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon: an analysis changes in citizens awaeness and satisfaction 2.2. Analysis the impact the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon An impact analysis the festival was pefomed in ode to assess the effectiveness the festival. Though suveys, the impact analysis was caied out to measue the change in the level citizens' awaeness on envionmental issues, such as climate change, the impotance people ove vehicles and the degee to which citizens' quality life wee enhanced. The analysis esults show changes in satisfaction with esidential envionment, awaeness ecomobility, peception the envionment and whethe pivate vehicle uses switched thei mode choice to altenate ecomobility tanspot modes. 2.3. Change in satisfaction with esidential envionment compaing the oveall satisfaction the neighbohood, it was found to have geatly impoved afte the festival. In the case the pedestian envionment, while negative wee pedominant bef the festival, with 24.1% negative and 19.8% positive, afte the festival, negative deceased to 16.1% and positive inceased to 49.3%. As a esult, the satisfaction with the pedestian envionment impoved geatly afte the festival. The incease in positive is attibuted to the impovements made to the pedestian envionment in the pepaation stages the festival though the epavement oads and undegounding ovehead electic poles. In compaison to the existing neighbohood conditions, vaious impovements wee made to bette the walking envionment. In addition, positive inceased in tems the satisfaction with the ai and noise quality. Oveall, the satisfaction with the esidential envionment impoved in all aeas. Table 2. Coss-tabulation neighbohood satisfaction (pedestian envionment, ai and noise quality), bef and afte the festival. Pedest ian Numb e espon ses ( Vey dissatisfie d 104 (3. 2% ) 57 (5.2 Dissatisfie d 672 (20. 9 120 (10. 9 Aveage Satisfied Vey satisfied 1,79 9 (56. 0 379 (34. 5 555 (17. 3 348 (31. 7 80 (2.5 193 (17. 6 Total o e 3,210 (100.0 1,097 (100. 0 Ai 49 32 416 89 1,99 515 647 318 86 132 3,194 1,086 43 P a g e
EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon: an analysis changes in citizens awaeness and satisfaction Numb e espon ses ( Noise Numb e espon ses ( (1. 5% ) 72 (2. 2% ) (2.9 69 (6.3 (13. 0 440 (13. 7 (8.2 128 (11. 8 6 (62. 5 1,92 0 (59. 9 (47. 4 464 (42. 6 (20. 3 687 (21. 4 (29. 3 291 (26. 7 (2.7 84 (2.6 (12. 2 137 (12. 6 (100.0 3,203 (100.0 % (100. 0 1,089 (100. 0 2.4. Change in level awaeness and inteest in ecomobility Fom bef and afte the festival, the level awaeness the tem ecomobility had geatly inceased. Respondents who had not known the tem deceased fom 74.3% to 2.7%, while those who had known the tem geatly inceased fom 7.3% to 56.0%. This shap incease in the level awaeness is attibuted to the advetisements though vaious foms media, public consultations and the paticipation citizens in the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon duing the month Septembe. Given the shap incease in the level awaeness ecomobility among the citizens, futue ecomobility policies poposed by the city ae thought to engage citizen paticipation. the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon, Suwon City Hall poposed a "ca-fee oad" poject as initiated by a goup citizens in Suwon. The poject has seen a high degee paticipation among citizens. The change in citizens' level inteest pollution in the envionment has also inceased though the festival. The shae espondents who indicated thei level inteest pollution in the envionment has "inceased" to "geatly inceased" made up 70.4% all. This incease in the level inteest is attibuted to the festival. Geatly inceased Table 3. Change in level inteest pollution in the envionment. Inceased No change in inteest Total Numbe 193 60 122 394 131 100 93 1,093 ( (17.7 (5.5 (11.2 (36.0 (12.0 (9.1 (8.5 100.0% Citizens showed an incease in tems the peception that pedestians ae m impotant than vehicles, whee the popotion espondents who indicated an "incease" was 35.4% and "geatly inceased" was 15.8%. Table 4. Change in peception pedestians impotance ove vehicles. Geatly inceased Inceased No change in peception Numbe 173 53 63 387 154 136 126 1,092 ( (15.8 (4.9 (5.8 (35.4 (14.1 (12.5 (11.5 (100.0 Though the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon, steet spaces appopiate fo ecomobility wee used as community spaces and changes wee seen in tems the consideation fo people in the neighbohood and uban envionment. The changes in peception towads envionmental issues and the impotance people positively inceased though the ecomobility initiatives. In ode to sustain the change in peception in individual behavio, a sustainable mobility management policy famewok is seen as necessay. Total 44 P a g e
EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon: an analysis changes in citizens awaeness and satisfaction 2.5. Attitudes and willingness to paticipate In analyzing the attitudes towads ecomobility, in compaison to the attitudes bef the festival, satisfaction levels afte the festival positively inceased. the festival, 18.3% wee positive and 26.9% wee negative. Howeve, afte the festival, positive inceased to 33.2% and negative deceased to 24.2%. In paticula, the "vey negative" educed fom 23.7% to 11.7%, which shows a eduction in the numbe citizens who held extemely negative attitudes towads ecomobility. Given the factos that influenced the citizens' negative attitudes and concens towads a ca-fee neighbohood bef the festival, though paticipating in the festival and expeiencing the benefits a ca-fee neighbohood, the oveall satisfaction and attitudes positively inceased.compaing the willingness to paticipate bef the festival and the actual level paticipation, it was found that, oveall, actual levels paticipation wee geate. This level paticipation can be attibuted to the vaious govenance oganizations that wee established in the pepaation stages the festival; the diligent activities caied out by the oganizations instilled a level consensus among citizens to actively paticipate in the festival, theeby positively influencing the actual level paticipation citizens in the festival. Fig. 4. Paticipation in and satisfaction with the festival (a) willingness to paticipate and actual level paticipation; (b) attitudes and level satisfaction. 2.6. Change in pivate vehicle uses behavios impoving the neighbohood to be pedestian-oiented, espondents' level change in vehicle speeds wee as follows: "no change" with 211 espondents (52.8 was geatest, followed by "deceased vehicle speed" with 45.0% and "inceased vehicle speed" with 2.3%. The following measues wee taken fo dives to decease vehicle speeds: oad widths wee naowed, oads wee epaved and oads wee econstucted as cuved oads, and wee seen the main factos in educing vehicle speeds. Table 5. Change in vehicle speeds upon pedestian-oiented impovements to the neighbohood. Deceased vehicle speed Inceased vehicle speed No change to vehicle speed Total Numbe 180 9 211 400 ( (45.0 (2.3 (52.8 (100.0 2.7. Shift in mode choice The neighbohoods which adopted the ca-fee neighbohood concepts wee Sinpung-dong and Jangan-dong. The citizens in the two neighbohoods wee suveyed to analyze changes to mode choice. Citizens' choice tanspot modes bef, duing and afte the festival wee analyzed. It was found that a citizens shifted thei mode choice to an extent. Mode choice the neighbohood aea In compaison to citizens' mode choices bef the festival, duing the festival pivate vehicle use geatly deceased and walking and cycling inceased. the festival, modal shae was as follows: 583 espondents indicated "walking" (53.7, 344 espondents indicated "pivate vehicle" (31.7 and 78 espondents indicated "cycling" (6.2. Duing the festival, 753 espondents indicated "walking" (70.0, 157 espondents indicated 45 P a g e
EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon: an analysis changes in citizens awaeness and satisfaction "cycling" (14.6 and 71 espondents indicated "othe" (6.6 as thei mode choice. the festival, 583 espondents indicated "walking" (54.2, 316 espondents indicated "pivate vehicle" (29.4 and 89 espondents indicated "cycling" (8.3 as thei mode choice. Duing the festival, the shift fom pivate vehicles to walking o cycling can be attibuted to the convenience walking, cycling o othe modes tanspot to access the neighbohood as pivate vehicles wee to be paked in the tempoay paking lots outside the neighbohood. While afte the festival pivate vehicle use inceased, in compaison to bef the festival, pivate vehicle use deceased and walking and cycling inceased. The small incease in walking and cycling may be attibuted to seasonal factos, as the suvey was pefomed duing winte. Table 6. Changes in mode choice the neighbohood aea. festival Duing festival festival Tanspot mode Numbe ( Numbe ( Numbe Pivate 344 (31.70 68 (6.30 316 (29.40 vehicle Bicycle 67 (6.20 157 (14.60 89 (8.30 Motocycle 28 (2.60 20 (1.90 23 (2.10 Electic wheel chai ( 3 (0.30 6 (0.60 3 (0.30 Walking 583 (53.70 753 (70.00 583 (54.20 Othe 60 (5.50 71 (6.60 62 (5.80 Total 1,085 (100 1,075 (100 1,076 (100 Fig. 5. Changes in mode choice the neighbohood aea. Mode choice fo commuting In ode to measue the change in mode choice (fom pivate vehicle to an altenative tanspot mode) duing the festival, suvey espondents wee suveyed on thei main mode choice fo thei daily tavel needs, such as commuting to wok and school and othe daily tasks. the festival, mode choice fo commuting was "pivate vehicle" fo 297 espondents (82.3, "public tansit" fo 24 espondents (6.6 and "walking" fo 19 espondents (5.3. Duing the festival, mode choice fo commuting was "pivate vehicle" fo 185 espondents (52.1, "public tansit" fo 94 espondents (26.5 and "walking" fo 32 espondents (9.0; pivate vehicle uses deceased by 30% and public tansit uses geatly inceased. While the incease in public tansit use is attibuted to the inconvenience fo pivate vehicle uses to pak outside the neighbohood in the tempoay paking lots, due to the long aveage commuting distances, the popotion the shift in mode choice fo commuting is less in compaison to that the shift in mode choice fo the neighbohood aea. the festival, mode choice fo commuting was "pivate vehicle" fo 278 espondents (78.8, "public tansit" fo 31 46 P a g e
EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon: an analysis changes in citizens awaeness and satisfaction espondents (8.8 and "walking" fo 18 espondents (5.1. While in compaison to the mode choice fo commuting duing the festival, pivate vehicle use inceased, in compaison to that bef the festival, pivate vehicle use slightly deceased and public tansit use inceased. The slight decease in walking afte the festival may be attibuted to seasonal factos, as the suvey was pefomed in the winte. Tanspot mode Table 7. Change in mode choice fo commuting. festival Duing festival festival Numbe ( Numbe ( Numbe Pivate 297 (82.3 185 (52.1 278 (78.8 vehicle Public tansit 24 (6.6 94 (26.5 31 (8.8 Bicycle 7 (1.9 18 (5.1 13 (3.7 Motocycle 6 (1.7 7 (2.0 6 (1.7 Walking 19 (5.3 32 (9.0 18 (5.1 Othe 8 (2.2 19 (5.4 7 (2.0 Total 361 (100.0 355 (100.0 353 (100.0 ( Fig. 6. Change in mode choice fo commuting. II. CONCLUSION This study pefomed an impact analysis compaing the effectiveness the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon.In compaing citizens' satisfaction with the esidential envionment, satisfaction with the pedestian envionment and ai and noise quality wee positively impoved afte the festival. In tems awaeness, the level awaeness ecomobility geatly inceased though advetisements in the media, public consultations and paticipation in the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon. The analysis found that citizens became m inteested in pollution in the envionment and m peceptive the impotance people ove vehicles. It is expected that these changes in awaeness levels will be a diving foce in establishing a mobility management policy famewok.the esults analyzing citizens' shift in mode choice show that in compaison to bef the festival, whee pivate vehicle use was 82.3%, duing the festival, pivate vehicle use deceased by 30.1%. In addition, thee was a significant shift in mode choice towads envionmentally-fiendly tanspot modes such as public tansit and cycling. In paticula, afte the festival, modal shae pivate vehicle use deceased by 3.5% fom bef the festival. It was found that the festival could shift peoples' tavel behavio in a sustainable manne. Most impotantly, the shift in peoples' peceptions towads the envionment and impotance people in the uban system though ecomobility pesents implications fo the need a sustainable mobility management policy famewok in ode to induce individual behavioal changes. 47 P a g e
EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon: an analysis changes in citizens awaeness and satisfaction III. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This wok was suppoted by SRI-POLICY-2013-4 Suwon Reseach Institute and the National Reseach Foundation Ka gant funded by the Ka Govenment(MSIP) (NRF-2010-0028693). REFERENCES [1] Jan Scheue(2001), Residential Aeas fo Households without Cas: The Scope fo Neighbouhood Mobility Management in Scandinavian Cities, Tafikdagepå Aalbog Univesitet, pp165-176. [2] Kim J. K., Oh D. S. (2007), Analysis on the Sustainability and Design Stategies Geman Ecological Housing Estates accoding to Development Stages, Jounal Uban Design Institute Ka, 8(4), Uban Design Institute Ka, pp105-286. [3] Lee W. R., Im Y. B. (2009), A Study on Sustainable Element Ecological Housing Complex, KPA Sping Annual Confeence, Ka Plannes Association, pp279-286. [4] Michael Onetzedea, Edga G. Hetwichb, Klaus Hubacekc, Kataina Koytaovad, Willi Haase (2008), The envionmental effect ca-fee housing: A case in Vienna, Ecological Economics, 65(3), The Intenational Society fo Ecological Economics, pp516-530. [5] Johansson, M, V,.Heldt, T. and Johansson, P. (2006), The Effects Attitudes and Pesonality Taits on Mode Choice, Tanspotation Reseach Pat A 40, Amstedam: Elsevie. pp507-525. [6] Loukopoulos, P., Jakobsson, C., Galing, T., Schneide, C.M. and Fujii, S. (2005), Public Attitudes towads Policy Measues fo Reducing Pivate Ca Use: Evidence fom a Study in Sweden, Envionmental Science & Policy 8. New Yok: Elsevie. pp57-66. [7] Suwon City (2012), Establishment the taffic flow management plan fo the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon [8] Suwon City (2012), Study citizens awaeness and household tavel suvey fo the implementation the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 Suwon [9] Suwon City (2012), Establishment the basic plan and feasibility study fo the ecomobility pilot poject [10] Suwon Reseach Institute (2013), Study on the policy implications the impact analysis the EcoMobility Wold Festival 2013 48 P a g e