ZBORNIK RADOVA. Proceedings Book

Prva Konferencija Jugoistočne Europe u borilačkim vještinama i sportovima E S P Odgoj, nauka i praksa Sarajevo, 27. - 28. novembar 2015. First South East Europe Conference of Martial Arts and Combat Sports E S P - Education, Science and Practice Sarajevo, 27 th 28 th of November 2015 ZBORNIK RADOVA Proceedings Book

FAKULTET SPORTA I TJELESNOG ODGOJA UNIVERZITETA U SARAJEVU ZBORNIK RADOVA Proceedings book Prva Konferencija Jugoistočne Europe u borilačkim vještinama i sportovima E S P Odgoj, nauka i praksa Sarajevo, 27. - 28. novembar 2015. Autor: prof.dr. Safet Kapo First South East Europe Conference of Martial Arts and Combat Sports E S P - Education, Science and Practice Sarajevo, 27 th 28 th of November 2015 Urednici (Editors): Safet Kapo Husnija Kajmović Izet Rađo Nusret Smajlović Nedim Čović Alen Ćirić 3 Recenzent: Fuada Muslić Prevoditelj: Aela Ajdinović, Sabahudin Hadžiavdić Ilustrator: Alen Ćirić Naziv izdavača: Fakultet sporta i tjelesnog odgoja, Univerzitet u Sarajevu, Sjedište izdavača: Patriotske lige 41, 71000 Sarajevo Godina izdavanja: 2015. Godina Štampanja: 2015. Štamparija: Dobra knjiga d.d., Put Famosa 38, Hrasnica, 71000 Sarajevo, BiH Tiraž: 100 elektronskih jedinica CIP: 796.8(063)(o82) ISBN: 978-9958-606-68-7 Sarajevo, 2015.

CAN SPECIAL JUDO FITNESS TEST BE USED TO DETECT ASYMMETRIES IN MOVEMENT PATTERNS? Jožef Šimenko 1 & Damir Karpljuk 1 1 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport, Department for combat sports Abstract Objective. Aim of this study was to perform Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) with young judokas on their dominant and non-dominant side to see if SJFT can be also used to asses differences in the movement patterns on the dominant and non-dominant body side. Methods. SJFT was used to compare movement patterns on the dominant and non-dominant body side on a sample of 9 youth judokas (age 13.78 ± 0.44, height 176 ± 3.8 cm, weight 74.2 ± 6.9 kg, years of training 7.78 ± 0.67). For determination of differences in movement symmetries and in SJFT parameters paired T test was used and statistical significance was set at p 0.05. Results. Main statistical differences were found betwen performance of SJFT by both body sides in second throwing phase of SJFT t(8)=3.50, p = 0.008, total number of combined throws in SJFT t(8)=2.83, p = 0.022 and in final SJFT INDEX t(8)=-2.57, p = 0.033. Conclusion. The present study present the usefulness of SJFT as a tool to detect movement asymmetries in judokas when performed on both body sides and the importance of bilateral movement development of judokas. Also the results of SJFT can be used in future to create normative values of SJFT for youth male judokas as we know them for male seniors, female seniors and female youth categories. Key Words: judo, SJFT, youth sport, symmetry, Introduction 58 Judo is a complex sport, which includes a large number of factors that affect the final result of competitive performance with intermittent high-intensity actions (Krstulović, Sekulić, & Sertić, 2005; Dégoutte, Jouanel, & Filaire, 2003). Throwing techniques to be effective at the opponent, must be carried out at high speed, motion control and high power (Pulkkinen, 2001). Very important factor in terms of the minimum energy consumption in judo is the effectiveness of implemented techniques. Pure techniques execution is minimizing unwanted or unnecessary movements, which unnecessarily increase energy consumption during the fight. This feature is crucial in judo, where the need for energy savings during the fight is the key to success especially in the long and difficult fights (Drid, Trivić,& Tabakov, 2012). Effectiveness of techniques and unnecessary movements are less likely to appear on the judokas dominant side. That could be because many coaches are right-sided, and young judokas receive more instructions concerning the right side of the body during regular trainings in their clubs. The transfer of movement techniques from one side of the body onto another increases athlete s effectiveness, and makes him or her win by taking the opponent by surprise (Sterkowicz, Lech, & Blecharz, 2010). Large, frequent one-sided training loads which influences athletes and are very frequent in judo when training their special technique (tokui waza), may also affect the body posture through different muscle proportions (Šimenko, & Vodičar, 2015). Possible asymmetries may lead to severe physical consequences making it easier for the occurrence of injuries

(Stradijot, Pittorru, & Pinna, 2012). The aim of this study was to perform Special Judo Fitness Test (Sterkowicz, 1995) with young judokas on their dominant and non-dominant side to see if SJFT can be also used to asses differences in the movement patterns on the dominant and non-dominant body side. Methods Participants: sample included 9 male youth judokas. The participants were 13.78 ± 0.44 years old, their height 176 ± 3.8 cm, their weight 74.2 ± 6.9 kg and only 1 of them was left hand dominant. They were training judo for 7.78 ± 0.67 years where 8 of them had a 2. kyu and one of them 1. kyu belt degree. Data collection: training started with a regular 25 minute warmup. After that a demonstration of SJFT was performed. Judokas performed the first test with their dominant side as instructed by Sterkowicz (1995). Non-dominant side was tested the following day with the same warmup. Heart rate was monitored by a Polar FT80 watch and polar H2 chest belt. Time was measured by a regular stopwatch. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed with the SPSS 21.0 software for Windows. We used methods of descriptive statistics for the information about the sample. For determination of differences in movement symmetries and in SJFT parameters we used paired T test and statistical significance was set at p 0.05. Results Table 1: Descriptive statistisc of the sample Variables N MEAN SD MIN MAX AGE 9 13,78,441 13 14 YEARS_OF_PRACTICE 9 7,78,667 7 9 HEIGHT 9 171,49 8,70 158,50 184,80 WEIGHT 9 64,48 6,54 54,00 76,00 59

Table 2: Differences between selected morphological variables to determine body symmetries Group NON-DOMINANT DOMINANT SIDE 95% CI SIDE Variables Mean SD Mean SD Lower Upper df t p SJFT_15s_1 5,00 0,50 4,67 0,50-0,05 0,72 8 2,00,081 SJFT_30s_2 8,89 0,93 8,11 0,78 0,27 1,29 8 3,50,008 SJFT_30s_3 8,22 0,67 8,00 0,50-0,29 0,73 8 1,00,347 TT 22,11 1,83 20,78 1,56 0,25 2,42 8 2,83,022 HR 191,22 6,00 191,78 4,99-2,96 1,85 8 -,53,609 HR_1min 163,89 12,05 163,56 9,25-8,79 9,46 8,084,935 SJFT INDEX 16,17 1,63 17,19 1,38-1,93-0,10 8-2,57,033 p 0.05 / SJFT_15s_1 first part of SJFT, SJFT_30s_2 second part of SJFT, SJFT_30s_3 third part of SJFT, TT total number of throws in first, second and third phase of SJFT, HR heart rate immidieatly after 3rd phase of SJFT, HR_1min heart rate after 1 minute of the SJFT, SJFT INDEX final index of SJFT. In Table 2 we can see that the statistically significant difference is shown between second part of SJFT (SJFT_30s_2_D, SJFT_30s_2_ND) t(8)=3.50, p = 0.008, total number of combined throws in SJFT (TT_D, TT_ND) t(8)=2.83, p = 0.022 and in final SJFT INDEX (TT_D, TT_ND) t(8)=-2.57, p = 0.033. First variable of SJFT (SJFT_15s_1_D, SJFT_15s_1_ND) is not statistically significant t(8)=2.00, p = 0.081, but it is closest to the p 0.05 limit. The rest of the variables are not statistically significant. 60 Discussion From Table 2 we can see that there are statistical differences in movement patterns on the dominant and non-dominat body side which is resulted in the difference in final SJFT index t(8)=- 2.57, p = 0.033. Main difference is noted in 2 nd part of SJFT where the number of throws statistically differs between body sides t(8)=3.50, p = 0.008. We would assume that if there is a difference in movement patterns there would also be a difference in intensity as in our case difference in heart rate variables. But heart rate variables don t statistically differ and therefor from a standpoint of physical exertion movement patterns in non-dominant side of our judokas don t represent any extra intensity. So the difference is in the motor learning part. Mikheev et al. (2002) showed that high-skilled judoist have increased symmetry regarding judoists motor functions with higher symmetry in arm and leg movements. Therefore when we are taking into consideration the coaching process of young judo athletes early specialization is unacceptable (Sterkowicz et al., 2010). Importance of evolving youth judokas movement patterns to both body sides is there for even greater. Conclusion The present study present the usefulness of SJFT as a tool to detect movement asymmetries in judokas when performed in both body sides and the importance of bilateral movement development of judokas. According to Šimenko & Karpljuk (2015) it is necessary to carry out more tests of SJFT's on youth male judokas to create separate normative values to enable optimal

development. Youth judokas cannot be compared with adult judokas and to compare their performance in relation to the current senior male normative classification table would be mistaken. Therefore results can also be used in future to create normative values for SJFT as we know them for male seniors, female seniors and female youth categories (Sterkowicz-Przybycien, & Fukuda, 2014; Franchini, Boscolo Del Vecchio, & Sterkowicz, 2009) References: 1. Dégoutte F., Jouanel P. & Filaire E. (2003). Energy demands during a judo match and recovery. Br J Sports Med, 37(3), 245-249. 2. Drid, P., Trivić, T., & Tabakov, S. (2012). Special judo fitness test A review. Serbian Jurnal of Sport Sciences, 6(4), 117-125. 3. Franchini, E., Boscolo Del Vecchio, F., & Sterkowicz, S. (2009). A special judo fitness test classificatory table. Archives of Budo, 5, 127-129. 4. Krstulović, S., Sekulić, D., & Sertić, H. (2005). Anthropological determinants of success in young judoists. Collegium Antropologicum, 29, 697 703. 5. Mikheev, M., Mohr, C., Afanasiev, S., Landis, T., & Thut, G. (2002). Motor control and cerebral hemispheric specialization in highly qualified judo wrestlers. Neuropsychologia, 40, 8, 1209-1219. 6. Pulkkinen, W. J. (2001). The Sport Science of Elite Judo Athletes. A review and application for training. Pulkinetics. Canada. 7. Sterkowicz, S. (1995). Test specjalnej sprawności ruchowej w judo. Antropomotoryka, 12, 29-44. 8. Sterkowicz, S., Lech, G., & Blecharz, J. (2010). Effects of laterality on the technical/tactical behavior in view of the results of judo fights. Archives of Budo, 6(4), 173 177. 9. Sterkowicz-Przybycien, K., & Fukuda, D. H. (2014). Establishing normative data for the special judo fitness test in female athletes using systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Condition Research, 28(12), 3585-3593. 10. Stradijot, F., Pittorru, G. M., & Pinna, M. (2012). The functional evaluation of lower limb symmetry in a group of young elite judo and wrestling athletes. Isokinetics & Exercise Science, 20(1), 13 16. 11. Šimenko, J., & Karpljuk, D. (2015). Specialni judo fitnes test. Šport : revija za teoretična in praktična vprašanja športa, 63 (1/2), 42-46. 12. Šimenko, J., & Vodičar, J. (2015). Evaluation of body symmetries in judo. In M. Doupona Topič, in T. Kajtna (Ed.) Youth sport: Proceedings book / 7th Conference for Youth Sport, Ljubljana, 12-13 December 2014 (p. 38). Ljubljana: Fakulteta za Šport. 61 Kontakt osoba: strok. sod. Jožef Šimenko, prof. šp. vzg.; E-mail: jozefsimenko@gmail.com