Fishing for space - Conference on maritime spatial planning and fisheries management; 14.11.2013 Vilnius, Lithuania Potential limitations to the commercial fisheries and research surveys, caused by other users of the Polish Marine Areas by Włodzimierz Grygiel, Eugeniusz Andrulewicz, Wojciech Pelczarski, Lena Szymanek National Marine Fisheries Research Institute in Gdynia (Poland) Aim of the presentation: an attempt to analyse sources and effects of the potential conflicts between traditional and new users of the Baltic Sea space on an example of the Polish marine waters. Presentation is partly based on the ICES CM 2012/I:15 Fishery versus new concepts of the use of sea space an example of the Polish Marine Areas by E. Andrulewicz, W. Pelczarski, E. Kuzebski and L. Szymanek (NMFRI Gdynia); under UE Project No. 226675 KnowSeas
The Polish commercial fish catches distribution in 2011, and the allocation of planned marine wind power farms (green circles) and very initially proposed nuclear power plants (red circles). after Andrulewicz et al., 2012 (ICES-ASC/2012, I:15)
The Polish commercial fleet activities in 2011 and proposed location of the marine wind power farms (red shapes). Input data by courtesy of the Vessels Monitoring System in Gdynia. after Andrulewicz et al., 2012 (ICES-ASC/2012, I:15) Consequences: each MWF will be surrounded by 1 NM separation (buffer) zone, planned MWFs will block routes of 70% of vessels with the length over 12-m (white tracks) to traditional, productive fishing grounds, average distance between the most popular ports and fishing grounds will increase by e.g.: 130% from the Ustka-port, 100% from the Łeba-port and 36% from the Kołobrzeg-port, additional fuel costs resulted from the longer distance to fishing grounds can be estimated at 200 000 EUR annually.
The administrative sources of complications in fish catches the restricted areas with very limited access to navigation and fishing. after Andrulewicz et al., 2012 (ICES-ASC/2012, I:15)
The Baltic commercial fishery in Poland is regulated (=limited) by several the national and international (UE) administrative fishing rules and decrees concern specific conditions for implementation during fishing operations at sea, by e.g.: A) Regulation on the minimum commercial size of given fish species, closing seasons and areas for particular species. B) TAC total available catch per species in given year. C) National yearly catch quota per species, and by individual vessels in a case of cod. D) The Polish technological (fish processing) and fish market (incl. veterinary) standards.
The administrative and pro-ecological sources of potential complication in fish catches realisation the Baltic Sea Protected Areas and Natura-2000 sites with limited access to fishinggrounds. 179 86 170
Present and planned the seabed space use in the Polish EEZ - the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources (oil, gas, sand, gravel) and the external connection infrastructure (cables, pipelines) - as the causes of significant complications in fish bottom catches realisation. HVDC (High-voltage direct current) LNG terminal (Liquefied natural gas terminal) after Andrulewicz et al., 2012 (ICES-ASC/2012,I:15)
Marine fish angling activities in Poland and planned technical installations of MWF (green circles) Baltic cod angling nearby the Łeba port (photo: K. Radtke). area of angling: cod sea trout, garfish, pikeperch salmon herring input data by courtesy of K. Radtke and M. Ramutkowski NMFRI (Gdynia) the main centres of Baltic fish angling in Poland
Salmon angling by trolling (photo: P. Lisakowski, cited by M. Ramutkowski (2013) Development of Baltic cod angling (pleasure fishing) in Poland (1999-2011); a lack of data from Gdansk and Gdynia Number of anglers 170000 160000 150000 140000 130000 120000 110000 100000 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 number of anglers number of trips Baltic cod angling Herring Poland angling in the Vistula River estuary 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 mean In 2010, 156.4 thousands of anglers fished 1000 tons of cod = 10% of the Polish annual catch quota (input data by courtesy of K. Radtke NMFRI Gdynia). Year (photo: E. Andrulewicz) 13000 12000 11000 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Number of seagoing trips
The marine-tourism in the Polish EEZ Pilgrims on vessels in the Puck Bay St. Peter and St. Paul Holiday (photo: E. Andrulewicz) The marine-tourism in the Polish EEZ realized in selected days of year and at limited location only is a minor source of complication in fish catches realization. Herring march in the Puck Bay (photo: E. Andrulewicz)
The fish pelagic control-hauls and acoustic transects allocation during the BIAS type of survey will be limited e.g. by the distribution of planned marine wind power farms (green circles). 56 55.5 ICES SD 25 17 20 Gt1 ICES SD 26 Acoustical reflection of extremely high dense clupeids shoals distributed nearby the Peninsula of Hel, Feb. 2007 (photo: W. Grygiel) 6 55 54.5 a02 1 ICES SD 24 2 a01 4 3 5 t01 7 8 9 16 10 9 IBY5 12 13 11 a13 B4a 14 15 B2 a17 16 RS2 19 RS1 18 a21 B3 21 69 30 29 22 23 G2 a28 28 24 2GD 27 26 25 a05 54 fish control-catches hydrological stations echosounding 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
The fish bottom control-hauls and the standard hydrological stations allocation during the BITS type of survey will be limited e.g. by the distribution of planned marine wind power farms (green circles). 56.00 55.50 55.00 54.50 54.00 31 33 32 34 42 16 17 3536 45 43 30 IBY5 44 41 40 37 38 29 ICES SD 25 r/v Baltica, 11.03.2006; photo: W. Grygiel ICES SD 24 27 46 47 39 28 30 B4 24 40 25 23 22 43 B2 26 27 21 52 RS2 20 19 18 17 RS1 B3 62 ICES SD 26 CW & WG dumpsites, after E. Andrulewicz 1996, and Barsiene et al. 2013 temporary floating ice BITS-1q/2012 fish control-catches hydrological standard stations 1 7 6 2 4 5 3 8 9 48 4950 10Gd 87 G2 2GD 10 51 11 12 15 16 13 14 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00
Areas a priori accessible for the fixed locations of research catches, which needs a sea space, can be temporary and locally occupied by the numerous fishing vessels and the passive fishing gears (e.g. gill-nets). The example of commercial fishing fleet distribution in the southern part of the Gulf of Gdansk, during the BITS- 4q/2012 survey realisation. The example of commercial fishing fleet distribution in the south-eastern part of the Bornholm Deep, during the BITS-1q/2012 realisation.
Conclusions: A) It is probable that in the forthcoming years the commercial fisheries within the Polish Marine Areas will be subjected to various new limitations of its activities, resulting from the implementation of numerous large-scale technical constructions (e.g. for electrical energy production incl. the external connection infrastructure) and the extraction of mineral resources. B) Recreational sea angling, marine tourism and a new concept of the extended protection of living resources and habitats will also contribute to the limitations on the commercial fisheries and research surveys programme accomplishment. C) The realization of the BITS and BIAS research surveys has also been recently limited by: C.1) the anthropogenic origin causes: - the navy intensive military trainings of the war-ships and soldiers exercises on beaches, - the commercial fleet and fish anglers numerous boats spatial distribution, - the under-water acoustical noises, - the chemical munitions dumpsites, C.2) the natural origin causes (temporary and locally): - the areas occupied by too dense fish shoals, - the ice cover up area, - very high variability of the bottom depth, still not very well recognized in the whole Baltic. Special thanks to: Mr. Emil Kuzebski (NMFRI in Gdynia) for the input data to graphs on the slides Nos. 2 and 3, Mr. Krzysztof Radtke (NMFRI in Gdynia) for the input data regarding Baltic cod angling in Poland, Mr. Marcin Ramutkowski (NMFRI in Gdynia) for the input data regarding salmon marine angling in Poland. Thank you for your attention!