Pedestrian Safety Action Plan

Pedestrian Safety Action Plan

Pedestrian Safety Action Plan Table of Contents Letter from the Mayor... 2 Executive Summary... 3 Overview of Pedestrian Fatalities...4 Regional Partnerships... 11 Recommended Actions...12 Enforcement... 12 Education... 13 Pedestrian Safety Campaign... 14 Engineering... 15 Policy... 17 1 P a g e

Letter from the Mayor Dear Friends, Here in Reno, the safety of our citizens and visitors is the number one priority to me and my colleagues who serve on the Reno City Council. As your representatives, it is our desire to save each and every life we can. To us, an injury or loss of life to any of our citizens or visitors is unacceptable. Recently, there has been an unprecedented spike in pedestrian related crashes. Therefore, this plan focuses on improving pedestrian safety, as well as measures that can be taken to ensure the safety of all travelers. City of Reno staff has worked diligently over the last several years to increase efforts to minimize traffic related injuries and fatalities. As Mayor and a member of the City Council, I applaud the efforts that have been taken thus far by our dedicated employees. However, the Reno City Council will not be satisfied until there are no injuries or lives lost on our streets. We will continue to study data related to traffic, and more specifically, pedestrian related injuries and deaths to get a better understanding of the variables that lead to these unfortunate tragedies. Thank you to every citizen, policy expert, staffer, and elected office holder who has dedicated their attention and heart to this matter. Working together, we will work to ensure that our streets are safe for all travelers, and especially our pedestrians. 2 P a g e

Executive Summary In response to many high-profile pedestrian related deaths over the last several years, the Reno City Council, in January 2015, created a pedestrian safety initiative seeking to prevent future loss of life and injury to pedestrians, and to pursue efforts to increase walkability within the City of Reno. The City Council gave direction to the City Manager to implement several immediate safety improvements and to develop a strategic action plan to be implemented at the department level which considers the actions of other regional entities. This document is the result of that direction and was accepted and adopted by the Reno City Council on xx. Major recommendations are segregated into four categories: Enforcement Education Engineering Policy In October 1997, the Swedish parliament created the Vision Zero initiative, an active approach to road safety in which Sweden adopted the slogan, no loss of life is acceptable. The Vision Zero approach has proven to be highly successful and has since been embraced by many countries across the globe, including but not limited to, Canada, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Vision Zero is driven by creating effective strategies to enhance traffic safety to unprecedented levels. Using a holistic approach, the actions in this plan are aimed at promoting broad-based approaches to road safety that will be embraced by agencies who employ different planning aspects and safety standards across multiple areas. As many local governments, private sector partners, and citizens embrace Vision Zero, a culture will be created in Reno that better integrates traffic movement with human judgment to increase awareness and safety efforts with the goal of eliminating traffic fatalities throughout the region. Fortunately, many regional agencies have also made pedestrian safety a priority, focusing on specific areas such as education, enforcement, engineering, and policy. This action plan compiles efforts already underway, as well as identifies future actions that can be taken to enhance pedestrian safety. 3 P a g e

Overview of Pedestrian Fatalities Public concern about pedestrian safety is not a unique concern to Reno. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) states on its website, Everyone has different preferences when it comes to transportation, but there s one that all road users share everyone is a pedestrian. In 2005, the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity Act was signed into law by then President George W. Bush. The federal government, through this legislation, managed over $286.4 billion dollars to improve and maintain the transportation infrastructure in the United States for a five-year period, ending in 2009. Pedestrian safety was a focus of the funding. After the Act s expiration, Congress created the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21 st Century Act which also governed federal surface transportation spending. While it is evident that federal transportation policy has had safety as a prominent value, the City of Reno can improve efforts to address street usage from a safety perspective for all user groups, including pedestrians. National, state, and local statistics indicate why pedestrian safety is receiving deserved attention now. Statewide statistics show a 102% (36 fatalities in 2009 compared to 73 in 2015) increase in pedestrian fatalities on Nevada s roads from 2009 to 2015. Pedestrian Fatalities on Nevada Roads *Taken from http://www.zerofatalitiesnv.com/ 4 P a g e

2015 Statistics As provided by the Reno Police Department, in 2015 alone there were 3, 274 total vehicle crashes in Reno. Out of those, 117 involved pedestrians. Four of those pedestrian crashes were fatal in nature. The following statistics provide a brief snapshot of pedestrian vs vehicle crashes by day of the week. Monday = 12 Tuesday = 26 Wednesday = 16 Thursday = 17 Friday = 19 Saturday = 14 Sunday = 13 The following shows pedestrian related crashes in 2015 by time of day. 12:00 am - 8:00 am = 15 (12.8%) 8:01 am - 7:00 pm = 67 (57.3%) 7:01 pm - 12:00 am = 35 (29.9%) As the statistics confirm, most of the pedestrian related crashes in 2015 occurred Tuesday through Friday during daytime hours. 2004 2014: A Decade of Relevant Data Studying pedestrian related crash data over a longer period allows policy makers and staff to detect developments or changes in the characteristics of the target population (pedestrians) at both the group and the individual level. Thus, sequences of events can be established to better identify cause-and-effect relationships. In Reno, from 2004 through 2014, there were a total of 1,147 crashes involving pedestrians. Of those, 62 were fatal. Fatal Crashes, 2004 Through 2014 *Data provided by Reno Police Department 5 P a g e

The following two charts indicate that the highest number of pedestrian crashes typically occurred on Fridays, and more specifically during the day, between 8:00 AM and 7:00 PM. Pedestrian Related Crashes by Day of the Week *Data Provided by Reno Police Department Pedestrian Related Crashes by Time of Day *Data Provided by Reno Police Department 6 P a g e

The exact reasons for the pedestrian-related crashes occurring throughout Reno are not known. However, it is safe to assume that there is a higher volume of high-speed cars, trucks, and buses that travel our streets, as well as increased pedestrian distractions with smart phone usage steadily on the rise. The emerging number of new businesses and residences in Reno and throughout Washoe County is another factor to consider when analyzing pedestrian safety risks. Reno has grown over the years, and additional growth is expected to come. Therefore, well thought-out plans and policies must be adopted and followed to further protect the most vulnerable travelers: pedestrians. When compared to the 2015 Reno crash data, the data collected from 2004-2014 paints a similar picture; most of the pedestrian related crashes in that 10- year period also occurred Tuesday through Friday and mostly during daytime hours. When determining fault, the 10 year statistics show that pedestrians are slightly more at fault than drivers are. Pedestrian Related-Crashes, Fault *Data provided by Reno Police Department 7 P a g e

The following picture identifies the top four areas where pedestrian related crashes have occurred in Reno from 2004 to 2014. Top Four Areas, Pedestrian-Related Crashes * Data provided by Reno Police Department 8 P a g e

Below are enlarged views with markers depicting locations of pedestrian related crashes from 2004 to 2014 for the Kietzke Lane and North Virginia Street areas. Kietzke Lane: East Second Street Peckham Lane Boulevard North Virginia Street: Hoge Road McCarran *Data provided by Reno Police Department 9 P a g e

Below are enlarged views with markers depicting locations of pedestrian related crashes from 2004 to 2014 for the North and South McCarran Boulevard areas. North McCarran Boulevard South McCarran Boulevard * Data provided by Reno Police Department 10 P a g e

Regional Partnerships Several agencies in the Truckee Meadows region have previously collaborated and are actively working together on promoting and enhancing pedestrian safety. This action plan seeks to capitalize on actions already being performed by those agencies and to formalize regional partnerships: City of Reno Department of Public Works (PW) City of Reno Police Department (RPD) City of Reno Department of Human Resources (HR) City of Reno Office of Communication and Community Engagement (OCCE) City of Sparks Nevada Department of Public Safety Nevada Highway Patrol (NHP) Nevada Department of Public Safety Office of Traffic Safety (OTS) Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) Regional Transportation Commission of Washoe County (RTC) University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) Washoe County Washoe County School District (WCSD) Washoe County Sheriff s Office (WCSO) The Reno Police Department (RPD) Traffic Division personnel participate in and meet with several organized coalitions in the furtherance of traffic safety, including that which is tied to pedestrian safety. These partners include: NDOT Zero Fatalities OTS Joining Forces Northern Nevada DUI Task Force Nevada Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) Pedestrian Critical Emphasis Area (CEA) Team Nevada SHSP Impaired Driving CEA Team 11 P a g e

Recommended Actions As communities tackle the various reasons for increased safety risks, the areas of attention can be categorized into four groupings: The prioritization of public safety enforcement resources and operations. Public awareness education focused on pedestrian safety by different street users, most significantly motorists and pedestrians. The safe engineering of different geographical locations within their jurisdictions, and the street networks that serve those areas. Strategic and data driven policy making. Enforcement The Reno Police Department continually evaluates enforcement activities which may reduce the likelihood of future incidents. Action Department Agency Due Date Develop data-driven citywide enforcement strategy. RPD Increase enforcement against dangerous moving violations, including speeding, failing to yield to pedestrians, signal violations, improper RPD turns/disobeying signage, and phoning/texting while driving. Purchase advanced speed detection equipment (LIDAR guns), upgrade speed detection technology available, and RPD train additional personnel. Increase personnel in RPD Traffic Division. RPD Modify traffic enforcement plans to increase focus on pedestrian safety. RPD 12 P a g e

Education This action plan focuses on identifying education components which can be implemented to prevent future incidents. Many opportunities exist to utilize regional resources for educational awareness campaigns. Action Utilize existing resources to gather input from citizens and coordinate information about pedestrian safety, upcoming events, and provide data. Conduct intensive street-level outreach and enforcement on safety problems and traffic laws, focused in areas with known crash histories. Conduct targeted outreach in schools each year, educating students about protecting themselves as safe pedestrians and working with their families for safer school zones. Undertake a high-quality advertising campaign aimed at reducing speeding, failure-to-yield, and other forms of reckless driving. Strategically increase the use of radar trailers and message boards for intensive education/enforcement initiative. Partner with Senior Citizen Advisory Committee and Access Advisory Committee to increase communication and get specific feedback from citizens about street safety improvements. Department Agency OCCE, NDOT, RTC RPD RPD, WCSD OCCE, RTC, NDOT RPD, PW RPD, PW Due Date Add safety flyers and messaging in utilities mailings. OCCE Oversee a citywide expansion of Defensive Driver training courses for all employees driving City vehicles. Implement Driver Safety training course for all employees. HR HR 13 P a g e

Pedestrian Safety Campaign In April 2015, the City collaborated with the City of Sparks, NDOT, RTC, Zero Fatalities, and Washoe County to launch the Look Up and Look Out Pedestrian Safety Campaign. This regional campaign focuses on educating the public about being safe pedestrians and drivers. An infograph and safety tips were placed on the City s online blog which highlighted important facts about pedestrian safety in our region. Two public service announcements (PSAs) were created to remind both pedestrians and drivers to look up and look out for each other, and that there is no text, tweet, or call that is worth a life. These powerful PSAs can be viewed on YouTube. There is no text, tweet, or call that is worth a life. https://youtu.be/v_lfkawa8x4 Look up and look out for each other. https://youtu.be/rzgx5iorvji 2015 Nevada Traffic Safety Summit The 2015 Nevada Traffic Safety Summit was held on March 24-25, 2015, at the Peppermill Resort in Reno. The Summit brought transportation agencies, law enforcement, and other safety partners together to discuss safety trends and further develop strategies and programs to save lives throughout the state of Nevada. Approximately 240 attendees participated in the two-day Summit. 2015 Regional Safety & Emergency Preparedness Expo The 2015 Regional Safety and Emergency Preparedness Expo was held June 25, 2015, at Wingfield Park. A booth dedicated to pedestrian safety outreach was hosted by staff from RPD and the City Manager s Office. As part of the event, City of Reno Public Works staff installed a temporary crosswalk which was used by patrol officers to teach participants about crossing the street safely. 14 P a g e

Engineering Engineering strategies can vary from simple solutions such as signage, pavement markings, and signals to larger Capital Improvement Program (CIP) projects to rebuild entire roadway corridors. The City of Reno s Traffic Engineering Division staff has implemented various improvements in an ongoing effort to increase pedestrian safety throughout the city. These safety enhancements include installation of pedestrian flasher systems and street lighting at high-risk crosswalk locations. There are approximately 30 locations throughout Reno where pedestrian flashers are currently present, or currently being installed. In addition, the Traffic Engineering staff has been installing speed radar feedback units to alert speeding motorists to slow down on roadways where physical traffic calming devices are prohibited due to being designated as Primary Emergency Vehicle Routes by the Reno Fire Department. There are approximately 20 streets that currently have, or will soon host, speed radar units. Along with pedestrian flasher systems and speed radar units, other tools used to mitigate pedestrian safety concerns include striping, signage, signal phasing, and traffic calming devices. There is an ongoing effort to work with RPD and other local agencies to promote and enhance pedestrian safety throughout the region. Action Department Agency Due Date Update technology for capturing crash data. RPD Enhance training for officers to better record and preserve crash details and site evidence. RPD Increase number of staff trained in Traffic Incident RPD, RFD, HR, PW Management. Convene monthly meetings to review traffic safety RPD, PW, NHP performance and set strategy for improvement. Implement safety engineering improvements at high-risk intersections and corridors. PW, NDOT, RTC Enhance street lighting at high-risk intersections. PW, NDOT Enhance maintenance of street markings. PW, NDOT, RTC Install traffic signals where needed for speed control via coordinated arterial signal time. Analyze need, plan, and coordinate additional street reconstruction safety projects. Survey national and international best practices to expand potential strategies. PW, NDOT, RTC PW, RTC, NDOT RPD, PW Hold workshops for major street design projects. PW, RTC, NDOT Review vehicle accident reports to determine trends and implement course of action for at-fault employees. HR 15 P a g e

Action Designate lanes and clarify who belongs where on the street through better markings, and clear merges and transitions while improving alignments and clearly mark merges to simplify. Add crosswalks where justified and clarify where pedestrians should cross through markings and signage. Explore opening up intersections to improve visibility by removing visual barriers such as parking that can cause traffic crashes and injuries near intersections. Explore widening parking lanes to keep cars and trucks loading and unloading out of the travel lanes when double-parked. Explore locations to create new left turn lanes to relieve pressure on drivers to turn too quickly or too soon by creating dedicated space for turning. Explore leading pedestrian intervals to give pedestrians a head start at the light. Traffic Calming Program to install speed bumps on residential streets and speed radar signs on primary emergency vehicle routes. Add signals and controls to eliminate confusion for all users. Increase street lighting level to improve visibility at night in high-crash areas. Use pedestrian safety islands to shorten crossing distance and add visual cues for drivers. Use Pedestrian Flash Systems to install pedestrian activated flasher system at high profile crosswalks. Extend curbs to bring pedestrians into the line of sight for drivers, shorten crossing distances, and extend curbs at intersections for better visibility. Add accessibility improvements such as accessible pedestrian signals and curb cuts. Perform road safety audits to identify mitigation measures to improve overall operation and implement. Department Agency PW, RTC, NDOT PW, RTC, NDOT PW, CD, RTC, NDOT PW, CD, RTC, NDOT PW, RTC, NDOT PW, RTC, NDOT PW, RFD, RTC, NDOT PW, RTC, NDOT PW, RTC, NDOT PW, RTC, NDOT PW, RTC, NDOT PW, RTC, NDOT PW, RTC, NDOT PW, RTC, NDOT Due Date 16 P a g e

Policy Better policies and plans can be crafted with input from appropriate staff as well as regional partners moving forward. To consistently enhance pedestrian safety in the region, all regional partners are encouraged to regularly review existing plans, regulations, and policies, while evaluating pedestrian crash-related data. The following plans and policies contribute to the region s ongoing pedestrian safety efforts; Fourth Street Corridor Plan Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices Master Plan Nevada Revised Statutes Public Works Design Manual Reno Municipal Code Title 18 Development Code Virginia Street Corridor Investment Plan Fourth Street Corridor Plan The goal of this Plan is to establish a mixture of land uses within the Transit Oriented Development Corridor which allow individuals to meet their day-to-day needs by using transit and/or by walking to their home, place of work, or other services. The Plan calls for all new development to encourage pedestrian activity, support retail businesses, promote transit, and facilitate cohesive urban design. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) Traffic control devices (TCD) are very critical for the safe and efficient transportation of people and goods. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), by setting minimum standards and providing guidance, ensures uniformity of traffic control devices across the nation. The use of uniform TCDs (messages, location, size, shapes, and colors) helps reduce crashes and congestion, and improves the efficiency of the surface transportation system. Uniformity also helps reduce the cost of TCDs through standardization. The information contained in the MUTCD is the result of practical experience, research, and/or the MUTCD experimentation process. This ensures that TCDs are visible, recognizable, understandable, and necessary. The MUTCD is a dynamic document that changes to address contemporary safety and operational issues and it contains the national standards governing all traffic control devices. All public agencies and owners of private roads open to public travel across the nation rely on the MUTCD to bring uniformity to the roadway and the MUTCD plays a critical role in improving safety and mobility of all road users. 17 P a g e

Master Plan The City s updated Master Plan will include four levels of policy guidance including guiding principles, goals, policies, and implementation strategies. While still in the process of being completed, the Master Plan will include specific goals that address transportation and pedestrian-related issues guided by the citizens. The following goals have been identified thus far: Provide a balanced transportation system that offers safe, efficient, and reliable travel options for all modes (driving, bicycling, walking, and taking transit). Continue to develop a well-connected bicycle and pedestrian network that provides recreation and commute options throughout the city. Actively manage transportation systems and infrastructure to improve efficiency and safety. Nevada Revised Statutes In the 2015 Legislative Session, the Nevada Legislature passed Senate Bill 144, which authorizes local governments to designate pedestrian safety zones. The bill addresses dangerous driving in pedestrian heavy areas, such as school zones and allows for police to enforce stricter penalties for both drivers and pedestrians who break the law. If a pedestrian jaywalks or violates a law in a safety zone, they too can be levied with harsher penalties. In the same session, the Legislature passed Senate Bill 245. This new law inflicts stricter penalties on motorists who flee the scene of an accident. Drivers involved in hit-and-run accidents causing serious injuries or death will receive the same penalties as those who do so and are convicted of felony driving under the influence. The sentence associated with committing such a crime would be 2 to 20 years in prison without the possibility of probation regardless of whether the driver is impaired at the time of the crash. Public Works Design Manual The purpose of the Manual is to establish minimum requirements for design, plans, testing, inspection, and supporting documents for public works projects. The requirements apply to both public and private improvements. The manual should be periodically reviewed and updated to ensure development is actively considering the impact improvements have on pedestrian safety. 18 P a g e

Reno Municipal Code Title 18 Development Code The Reno City Charter was created by state law as a guideline to provide for the orderly government of the City and the general welfare of its citizens. The charter allows the City Council to codify and publish a Code of its municipal ordinances in the form of a Municipal Code. The City currently operates under the framework of the Reno Municipal Code (RMC). The RMC is broken down into 22 sections, or titles. Title 18 establishes the regulations known as the Annexation and Land Development Code of the City of Reno. Title 18 requires certain pedestrian amenities such as sidewalks, curbs, and gutters to be included in development projects. Reviewing and updating Title 18 on a consistent basis might allow for more pedestrian amenities to be included into development projects if a need can be identified. Virginia Street Corridor Investment Plan The Virginia Street Corridor Investment Plan identifies near-term and long-term transportation improvements that will be made along Virginia Street from North McCarran Boulevard to Mount Rose Highway to make traveling safer for pedestrians. Transportation investments recommended in the study were based on the goals of making Virginia Street safe and inviting for all modes of transportation, enhancing safety, and improving accessibility for disabled users, and improving UNR Downtown Midtown connectivity. One recommended project along the corridor calls for safety enhancements including pedestrian ramps, striping, audible equipment for signal heads, traffic signal head back plates, and signage. Action Department Agency Due Date Ensure that all updates to existing places, regulations, and policies are collaborative and consistent in terms of addressing pedestrian safety related issues. Establish and implement regular regional communication and collaboration for streets and transit infrastructure including placement of crosswalks, bus stops, and traffic signals. Establish a coordination policy for bus stop placement, appropriate infrastructure, and occupancy permitting. Increase the penalties associated with dangerous driver behavior. Ensure mandatory adherence to City of Reno Management Policies and Procedures: #214 Use of Electronic Communications Devices and #305 Acquisition and Use of City Vehicles PW, Sparks, Washoe County, RTC, NDOT PW, Sparks, Washoe County, RTC, NDOT PW, RTC CAO, RPD HR 19 P a g e

Conclusion There continues to be an unacceptable level of pedestrian crash fatalities and serious injuries in Reno. This Plan s mission is simple and straightforward: TO REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF PEDESTRIAN FATALITIES AND SERIOUS INJURIES. As staff prioritizes its budgets and projects in the coming years, pedestrian safety should be a top priority throughout the City and the region. Addressing this issue internally with the City s human and financial resources will pave the way for the City to set a framework that will influence and provide a model for the entire northern Nevada geographical area. Pedestrians in Reno deserve to be safe, as well as all travelers regardless of whether they live in the local area or are visiting. It will take a concerted effort from vehicle operators, pedestrians, law enforcement, expert staffers, and dedicated public officials to ensure that all people traveling our streets are safe. With the implementation of this Plan, Reno can capitalize on the accomplishments of recent years and take the next steps to better manage pedestrian risks. 20 P a g e

Appendix State Laws For the 2015 Legislative session, 2 pieces of legislation were introduced: SB144 creating pedestrian safety zones and SB245 increasing the penalty for hit and run to equal DUI. NRS 484C.110 DUI Penalties for first, second and third offenses; For the first offense within 7 years, is guilty of a misdemeanor. Fine the person not less than $400 nor more than $1,000. For a second offense within 7 years, is guilty of a misdemeanor. Imprisonment for not less than 10 days nor more than 6 months in jail; or Residential confinement for not less than 10 days nor more than 6 months Fine the person not less than $750 nor more than $1,000. For a third offense within 7 years, is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years. Fine of not less than $2,000 nor more than $5,000. NRS 484C.430 Penalty if death or substantial bodily harm results from DUI; Is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 20 years and must be further punished by a fine of not less than $2,000 nor more than $5,000 NRS 484C.130 Vehicular homicide; A person commits vehicular homicide if the person: Drives or is in actual physical control of a vehicle Is under the influence of intoxicating liquor; Causes the death of another person while driving or in actual physical control of a vehicle on or off the highways of this State; And has previously been convicted of at least three offenses. NRS 484C.440 Penalties for vehicular homicide; Is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison: (a) For life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 10 years has been served; or (b) For a definite term of 25 years, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 10 years has been served NRS 484E.010 Duty to stop at scene of accident involving death or 21 P a g e

personal injury; A person is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 15 years and by a fine of not less than $2,000 nor more than $5,000. Pedestrian Enforcement NRS 484B.280 Duties of driver of motor vehicle to pedestrian; 1. A driver of a motor vehicle shall: (a) Exercise due care to avoid a collision with a pedestrian; (b) Give an audible warning with the horn of the vehicle if appropriate and when necessary to avoid such a collision; and (c) Exercise proper caution upon observing a pedestrian: Fine/Bail: $258 NRS 484B.283 Right-of-way in crosswalk; 1. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 484B.287, 484B.290and 484B.350: (a) When official traffic-control devices are not in place or not in operation the driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way, (b) A pedestrian shall not suddenly leave a (c) Whenever a vehicle is stopped at a marked crosswalk or at an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection, the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear shall not overtake and pass the stopped vehicle until the driver has determined that the vehicle being overtaken was not stopped for the purpose of permitting a pedestrian to cross the highway. Fine/Bail:$123 NRS 484B.287 Jaywalk when pedestrian must yield right-of-way to vehicle; when crossing at crosswalk is required; crossing diagonally. 1. Every pedestrian crossing a highway at any point other than within a marked crosswalk or within an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection shall yield the right-ofway to all vehicles upon the highway. 2. Any pedestrian crossing a highway at a point where a pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing has been provided shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the highway. 3. Between adjacent intersections at which official traffic-control devices are in operation pedestrians shall not cross at any place except in a marked crosswalk. 4. A pedestrian shall not cross an intersection diagonally unless authorized by official traffic-control devices. 5. When authorized to cross diagonally, pedestrians shall cross only in accordance with the official traffic-control devices pertaining to such crossing movements. Fine/Bail:$123 NRS 484B.297 Walking along and upon highways; 1. Where sidewalks are provided, it is unlawful for any pedestrian to walk along and upon an adjacent highway. 2. Pedestrians walking along highways where sidewalks are not provided shall walk on the left side of those highways facing the approaching traffic. 22 P a g e

3. A person shall not stand in a highway to solicit a ride or any business from the driver or any occupant of a vehicle. A person shall not, Fine/Bail: $500. 4. It is unlawful for any pedestrian who is under the influence of intoxicating liquors or any narcotic or stupefying drug to be within the traveled portion of any highway. Fine/Bail:195 NRS 193.150 Punishment of misdemeanors. 1. Every person convicted of a misdemeanor shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than 6 months, or by a fine of not more than $1,000, or by both fine and imprisonment, unless the statute in force at the time of commission of such misdemeanor prescribed a different penalty. 23 P a g e