FTIR Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) Primary Site 47 N, 11 E, 294 m a.s.l.
Zugspitze: NDACC operational since 1995 1 meas. days during last months O 3, ClONO 2, HCl, HF, COF 2, HNO 3, NO 2, CO, CH 4, N 2 O, C 2 H, CFC-22, H 2 O FTIR IFU Zugspitze 294 m Garmisch: TCCON 2004: 94 meas. days 2005: 7 meas. days 200: 13 meas. days 2007: 42 meas. days CH 4 /O 2, CO 2 /O 2 Differential FTIR with Zugspitze: O 3, CO, CH 4, N 2 O, C 2 H, CFC-22, H 2 O IFU FTIR IFU Garmisch 734 m
Zugspitze retrievals: SFIT2.39, batches transferred to Linux Parallel Processing IMK-IFU Linux-Cluster Prozessortyp knots communication AMD Athlon MP 2200+ 24 Myrinet 2000 Intel Xeon 3 GHz 9 Gigabit Ethernet Intel XeonEMT4 3.2 GHz 94 Gigabit Ethernet Software-Configuration Linux-Cluster: Compiler: Portland Group C/C++ und Fortran INTEL C/C++ und Fortran Parallelisierungsmethoden MPI-CH (MPI Version 1.2 & 2.0) LAM-MPI OpenMP (Shared Memory) Job-Verwaltungssystem OpenPBS & Maui
Retrieval of atmospheric profiles: CO CO a priori profile ensemble CO a priori covariance 24 22 20 1 1 4 2 0 CO aircraft profiles 0 50 0 150 200 250 300 350 CO volume mixing ratio [ppbv] 24 22 20 1 1 4 2 0 0 2 4 1 1 20 22 24-0.13-0.0-0.05-0.04-0.03-0.02-0.01-0 - -0.01
CO profiles from Zugspitze FTIR: Characterization 24 22 20 1 1 Zugspitze a priori ensemble (aircraft) retrieved ensemble (Zugspitze FTIR) 24 22 20 1 1 24.5 km 13.5 km 23.5 km.5 km 22.5 km 11.5 km 21.5 km.5 km 20.5 km 9.5 km 19.5 km.5 km 1.5 km 7.5 km 17.5 km.5 km 1.5 km 5.5 km 15.5 km 4.5 km.5 km 3.5 km 24 22 20 1 1 2.94 4 2.94 4 0 50 0 150 200 250 300 CO volume mixing ratio [ppbv] 0.0 0.2 0.4 averaging kernel 0 1 area 4
CO Total Column Anomaly 1. 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 Zugspitze Total CO Anomaly (reference period Mar 2000-Feb 2002) monthly means 0. 199 1997 199 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 200 2007
Primary Site Report: Zugspitze FTIR Period(s) covered in data archiving at NDACC DHF: 1995-2005 HF columns: 03/1995-0/2005 HCl columns: 0/1995-11/2001 ClONO 2 columns: 07/199-11/2001 O 3 columns: 07/1995-09/2004 N 2 O columns: 07/1995-09/2004 CH 4 columns: 03/1995-09/2004 CO columns: 0/1995-0/2005 C 2 H columns: 0/1995-09/2004
Primary Site Report: Zugspitze FTIR Name, date, and location of last intercomparison and/or validation: 199 intercomparison with Jungfraujoch: coincident measurements and blind independent analyses of HF, HCl. Agreement within 2 per cent In 2001 evaluation of the Zugspitze time series since 1995 of HCl and ClONO 2, and comparison to the Jungfraujoch series; showed very good overall agreement! In 2002 we compared in preparation for ENVISAT Validation columns of N 2 O, CO, CH 4, NO 2, O 3 to coincident Jungfraujoch data. E.g., N 2 O agreed within 1 %! Intense 3 months water vapor validation campaign at Zugspitze (mid Aug mid Nov 2002) with permanent FTIR water vapor measurements compared to 4 radio sondes launched on site daily and permanent GPS water column measurements on site. Very good agreement of FTIR to sonde columns within a few per cent! Detailed FTIR validation study also relative to GPS measurements performed. In spring 2003 comparison of the Zugspitze time series (199-2002) of CO to the Jungfraujoch series; showed very good overall agreement! N 2 O trop. columns trend (1995-2004): Zugspitze 0.1 %/yr, Jungfraujoch 0.23 %/yr ENVISAT validation: Learned much about precision of CO, CH 4, NO 2 as measured by FTIR Comparison of Zugspitze HF, COF 2, HCl and ClONO 2 to KASIMA model
Montreal Protocol: O 3 at Zugspitze 700 50 00 550 Zugspitze FTIR KASIMA model KASIMA: Ruhnke, Wiehle O 3 column [DU] 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 0 1995 199 1997 199 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 200 2007
Montreal Protocol (stratospheric F y ): HF at Zugspitze 3.5 KASIMA: Ruhnke, Wiehle 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1972 1974 197 197 190 192 194 19 19 1990 1992 1994 199 199 2000 2002 2004 200 HF column [ 15 molecules/cm 2 ] Zugspitze FTIR KASIMA model
Montreal Protocol (stratospheric F y ): COF 2 at Zugspitze KASIMA: Ruhnke, Wiehle 7.5 7.0.5.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1972 1974 197 197 190 192 194 19 19 1990 1992 1994 199 199 2000 2002 2004 200 COF 2 column [ molecules/cm 2 ] Zugspitze FTIR KASIMA model
Montreal Protocol (stratospheric Cl y ): HCl at Zugspitze KASIMA: Ruhnke, Wiehle 9 7 5 4 3 2 1 0 1972 1974 197 197 190 192 194 19 19 1990 1992 1994 199 199 2000 2002 2004 200 HCl column [ 15 molecules/cm 2 ] Zugspitze FTIR KASIMA model
Montreal Protocol (stratospheric Cl y ): ClONO 2 at Zugspitze 5 4 3 2 1 0 1972 1974 197 197 190 192 194 19 19 1990 1992 1994 199 199 2000 2002 2004 200 ClONO2 column [15 molecules/cm 2 ] KASIMA: Ruhnke, Wiehle Zugspitze FTIR KASIMA model
Contribution to NDACC ad hoc group on water vapor (Bern 200) Garmisch radio sonde profiles Water vapor profiles with Zugspitze FTIR: A priori information used (I) 4 2 0.734 0.000 0.005 0.0 0.015 0.020 volume mixing ratio
Contribution to NDACC ad hoc group on water vapor (Bern 200) Water vapor profiles with Zugspitze FTIR: A priori information used (II) water vapor covariance - 0.44-0.40 water vapor variability (stdv) - 0.35-0.30-0.25-0.20-0.15 4-0. 4 2 0.734 0.734 2 4 Unit: covariances of VMR-layer scaling factors - 0.05-0 2 0.734 0 20 30 40 50 0 70 standard deviation of H 2 O variability [%] VMR
Water vapor profiles with Zugspitze FTIR: Averaging kernels 1 mm water vapor column dofs 3 (snr 0) dofs-1-layers: 3-4 km 4-7 km 7 15 km 4 2.94-0,4-0,2 0,0 0,2 0,4 0, 0, 1,0 averaging kernel
Water vapor profiles with Zugspitze FTIR: Smoothing error 2 24 22 20 1 1 2.94 4 mm water vapor column 1 mm water vapor column stdv of true water vapor variability 0 20 40 0 0 0 0 0 10 smoothing error [%] Smoothing error / altitude range does not depend upon absolute column level
Water vapor profiles with Zugspitze FTIR: Retrieved profile versus sonde 24 22 20 1 1 FTIR radio sonde snr = 179.151 column = 1.3 mm 24 22 20 1 1 FTIR radio sonde snr = 174.032 column = 1.51 mm 2.94 4 2.94 4 2.94 4 0 500 00 1500 2000 0 500 00 1500 2000 0 500 00 1500 2000 H 2 O volume mixing ratio [ppm] H 2 O volume mixing ratio [ppm] H 2 O volume mixing ratio [ppm] 24 22 20 1 1 FTIR radio sonde snr = 13.92 column = 1.5 mm 24 22 20 1 1 FTIR radio sonde snr = 154.527 column = 2.22 mm 24 22 20 1 1 FTIR radio sonde snr =.952 column = 2.17 mm 2.94 4 2.94 4 2.94 4 0 500 00 1500 2000 0 500 00 1500 2000 0 500 00 1500 2000 H 2 O volume mixing ratio [ppm] H 2 O volume mixing ratio [ppm] H 2 O volume mixing ratio [ppm] 24 22 20 1 1 FTIR radio sonde snr = 155.93 column = 2.9 mm
Water vapor profiles with Zugspitze FTIR: Synergistic combination with H 2 O lidar Water vapor lidar Zugspitze: H. Vogelmann, T. Trickl, IMK-IFU Zugspitze Summit Schneefernerhaus FTIR 292m 275m Requirements: - Range km asl. (Tropopause) - Relative errors less than ca. 5% - Vertical resolution ca. 50m to 300m - Measurements at all daytimes Method: - Differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL) Advantages versus Raman-Lidar: - Daylight capability capture intrusion events without daytime interruptions! - Selfcalibrating technique pre-requisite for trend measurements! Major challenge: -High power widely tunable narrow-band laser system had to be developed
Zugspitze/Garmisch instrumentation for water vapor In situ FTIR IFU GPS Zugspitze, 294 m LIDAR IFU e.g., EPS/MetOp-IASI validation, ESA/EUMETSAT RAO-project started 200 IFU FTIR GPS In situ IFU Garmisch, 734 m Radio sondes
Primary Site Report: Zugspitze FTIR Matter(s) that need to be discussed during SC meeting: - List of publications that appeared during the reporting period: Dils, B., De Mazière, M., Blumenstock, T., Buchwitz, M., de Beek, R., Demoulin, P., Duchatelet, P., Fast, H., Frankenberg, C., Gloudemans, A., Griffith, D., Jones, N., Kerzenmacher, T., Kramer, I., Mahieu, E., Mellqvist, J., Mittermeier, R.L., Notholt, J., Rinsland, C.P., Schrijver, H., Smale, D., Strandberg, A., Straume, A.G., Stremme, W., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Taylor, J., van den Broek, M., Wagner, T., Warneke, T., Wiacek, A., Wood, S.: Comparisons between SCIAMACHY and ground-based FTIR data for total columns of CO, CH 4, CO 2 and N 2 O, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,, 1953-193, 200. Sussmann, R. and Borsdorff, T.: Interference errors in infrared remote sounding of the atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.,, 13027-13073, 200.
Primary Site Report: Zugspitze FTIR Funding status (instrument and facility): good Permanent 0 % basic funding by Helmholtz Society of German Research Centers plus several projects: 1. EC-HYMN (CH 4, N 2 O, new 200) 2. EC-GEOMON (Cl y, F y, new 200) 3. Pole - Equator - Pole (PEP), Variability of atmospheric trace constituents along a North-South Transect (German Helmholtz Society Impuls und Vernetzungsfond for the creation of a virtual institute, ongoing) 4. TASTE (ENVISAT long-term validation, ESA-funded, new 200) 5. ESA/EUMETSAT project EPS/MetOp-IASI and -GOMEII validation, new, unfunded
Summary Zugspitze FTIR Primary Site Report 1 measurements days/yr, archiving nearly up to date, well funded, 2 papers transferred SFIT2-batches to Linux Parallel Processing contributed to NDAC ad hoc working group on water vapor (Bern 200) very recently updated Zugspitze CO, O 3, HF, COF 2, HCl, ClONO 2 series KASIMA IMK-IFUmodel Garmisch-Partenkirchen comparison (Cl Zugspitze y, F y, OPrimary 3 ) looks Site Report fine