Table of Contents I. Welcome Letter from Instructor II. Introduction a. History of JKF Karate b. Using This Book c. Curriculum d. Dress Code e. Class Schedule and Description f. Testing for Rank Advancement g. Other General Information III. Basic Karate Techniques a. Stances b. Blocking Techniques c. Punching Techniques d. Kicking Techniques IV. Kata V. Kumite VI. Glossary of Japanese Terminology Revised October 2009 The Instructors of Karate at the Auburn Valley YMCA extend special thanks to Sensei Chris Braun of the Boeing Employees Karate Association in Kent, WA. This manual is adapted from his earlier work, including all illustrations, which he has generously allowed us to use. Domo Arigato Gozaimashita! 2
April 22 nd, 2010 Welcome to JKFNW Karate Ryobukai! On behalf of the many students, teachers, and championship competitors that have brought The Japan Karate Federation Northwest to this point, I welcome you to this outstanding program. The people of this organization have built an excellent reputation for our karate program and we look forward to having you carry it forward to the next generation with us. Our program strives to be an authentic, traditional karate dojo (school) housed within the walls of this great athletic facility. We wear traditional white uniforms, conduct opening and closing ceremonies in Japanese, and expect all students to give 100% effort at all times during training. We recognize that this program will not appeal to all members, but we welcome you as you try it out to see if it could be a lifelong passion for you as it is for us. Your safety is our first consideration. There will be no contact punching or kicking until the student's age and experience level are appropriate. Classes will be difficult, but we will work with you at whatever level is required to make sure this experience is rewarding. Please feel free to contact us at any time if we can be of assistance you. Again, welcome to karate. Sincerely, Sensei Greg Burd, YMCA Chief Instructor, gburd@live.com 3
Introduction History of JKF Karate The Japan Karate Federation organization was started in May 1975 by Sensei Junki Yoshida. Sensei Yoshida personally taught classes here in the Kent/Auburn area for over 10 years and produced several national and international champions. As his schedule became busier, and his organization, Japan Karate Federation NW (JKFNW) grew, he passed on daily teaching duties to senior students at each of the dojos, including the Auburn Valley YMCA. Because of this history, our class is associated with the JKF NW Ryobukai, which has over a dozen schools throughout Washington and Oregon. Students have access to a variety of instructors, training camps, and competition opportunities. Also, we are the west coast representative for the International Ryobukai Association, based in Tokyo, Japan. With these associations, we guarantee our students the highest quality instruction and competition opportunities. Find out more at these websites: JKFnw Auburn Home Page visit our facebook page at Japan Karate Federation NW Auburn (YMCA) Sensei Yoshida s Karate Page JKFNW Home Page Ryobukai Home Page www.yoshidagroup.com/karate.php www.jkfnw.com www.jkr.com Many other useful sites are available. Please ask for additional information. Using This Book This manual was designed for reference only and has been compiled for your use when practicing karate at home. Inside you will find short descriptions of the basic stances, blocks, punches and kicks that we practice to help you remember their proper form. Please use caution when practicing any Karate technique as their improper use can cause serious injury. Children should always be supervised when practicing. Curriculum In this school we teach a traditional, Japanese style of karate called Shindo Jinen-Ryu. It is very similar to most major Japanese karate styles taught throughout the world. Students will learn 4
about the founders and history of the style as their training progresses. Class training will consist of individual, partner, and group practice exercises conducted in a safe, well-supervised manner at all times. Classes may include warm ups, Kihon (basic technique practice), Kata (prearranged formal exercises) and Kumite (various forms of sparring). All of these are explained later in this manual. Dress Code Dress Code Beginners may wear any loose clothing. Sweat pants that pen-nit free movement are great. You are not required to purchase a traditional karate uniform (Gi) until you have decided if karate is an activity you would like to continue. If you do want to purchase a uniform, they are available at local martial arts stores or online. We also have a person available in the dojo that can assist in attaining a gi at a good price, ask your instructor who to contact. Asian World of Martial Arts (800) 345-2962 www.awma.com Century Martial Arts (800) 626-2787 www.centuryma.com Karate is practiced with bare feet. Shoes are not permitted on the training floor. For everyone's safety, no jewelry may be worn during training. Finger and toenails should be kept short and well groomed as they can scratch and cut other students. Class Schedule and Description Novice to intermediate: Multi Purpose Room Tuesday & Thursday 5:30-6:30 pm Any student that has graduated from the beginner class may attend this class. Instruction is geared toward white, orange and blue belts. Techniques will center on developing strong blocks, punches kicks and stances. Kata (forms) will also be emphasized. Kumite (sparring) will be systematically introduced in a controlled and safe manner. Beginner: Reflection Room Tuesday & Thursday 6:40 7:40 pm The beginner class is geared to brand new students ages 7 thru adult. Classes begin every quarter and students remain here until invited to the Intermediate class. Students meet twice a week for instruction. Attendance is absolutely crucial during this phase of learning. Students may use this 5
time for individual instruction and review. The sessions will focus on basic physical movements for blocking, punching, and kicking. This class is designed to teach basic movements and exercise concepts, and dojo etiquette to be prepared for the intermediate class. Students need no previous experience, but must be able to stand in line, tell right from left, and pay attention for 60 minutes. Practice at home 5-10 minutes or longer each night is expected. Intermediate/Advanced: Multi Purpose Room Tuesday & Thursday 6:30-7:30 pm Students must be invited to participate in this class. Beginners may be given the opportunity to attend this class. Class focuses on kihon (basics), but more difficult combinations are added to the mix. Kata is practiced extensively with the added introduction of application of movements. Although we will continue to practice prearranged sparring, kumite will now move into more free style fighting forms. Tuesday Thursday Saturday Novice Intermediate MPR 5:30 6:30 pm Intermediate Advanced MPR 6:30 7:30 pm Beginner RR 6:40 7:40 pm Novice Intermediate MPR 5:30 6:30 pm Intermediate Advanced MPR 6:30 7:30 pm Beginner RR 6:40 7:40 pm Table 1 - Summary of Available Karate Sessions Kumite/Tournament Class (All Levels with approval) MPR 11:30 1:30 pm Special Classes and Guest Instructors From time to time, the YMCA Chief Instructor will invite other instructors or speakers to teach specialized classes. These may include special conditioning classes, weapons classes, or presentations about other martial arts. There is usually no charge for these classes and information will be posted in the training area. 6
Testing for Rank Advancement The JKFNW Ryobukai Chief Instructor, Sensei Junki Yoshida or one of his senior black belt instructors conducts all belt testing. Testing is conducted periodically at a location to be decided and usually take approximately two hours. This is the total time for the test for all students - each individual student will be tested for approximately 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the rank being tested for. There is a fee for testing that will be paid to JKFNW at the time of the test. Enrollment in The Japan Karate Federation entitles you to receive training only, and does not guarantee belt advancement in JKF. Instructors at the YMCA look for the following elements when determining if a student is ready to test for belt advancement: Consistent attendance; Strong spirit when training; Dojo etiquette; Knowledge of the physical movements of all Katas up to and including the one you are currently studying; General understanding of the Bunkai or literal analysis of kata movements (geared to green belt and above); Performs kihon as is required for that level Basic understanding of kumite (foot movement, hand position, clean technique); Note: Green belt level and up must demonstrate stronger fighting technique; Ability to teach/communicate with beginners (at appropriate rank). Testing is an important component of our training, but it must never be the REASON for training. Students should view all testing up to Shodan (first degree black belt) as a study of Kihon (basics). Even in our fighting, instructors look for sound fighting techniques within the 7
context of good kihon. In our organization, we do have a requirement matrix that shows basic criteria for belt advancement. Remember that the timeline on the matrix is just a guideline. We also encourage you to train at other JKF dojos in the area, but as members of the YMCA dojo, YMCA instructors make all decisions on when students test. Please do not ask instructors if you can test, students will be told when they are ready to test. All new students begin as White Belts. With diligent training, most junior (age 7-12) students will test for their Orange Belt after about 6 months of training. Adults may test sooner depending on ability. The next belt will take approximately the same time, with consistent effort, regular class attendance, and supplemental practice at home. As the belt rank increases, the standards become much higher. Most junior students take at least 10 years of diligent training to reach Black Belt. Adult students typically take 7-10 years of regular, rigorous training to reach this goal. Other General Information Courtesy and Respect Courtesy and respect are extremely important aspects of Japanese culture. These are carried over into the practice of karate. From the moment you enter the dojo (training hall), your every action should reflect courtesy and respect to the sensei (teacher) and to your fellow students. Bowing is a gesture of respect in Japan. Everyone is expected to stop at the doorway and bow upon entering and leaving the dojo floor to show respect for the place in which they train. When a black belt enters the dojo that is of higher rank than anyone in the room, the most senior person present will call the class to attention by shouting "kiotsuke" (attention). The sempai will then call "sensei-ni" (turn to face the sensei) and then "rei" (bow). Dojo Rules and Expectations We want students to feel comfortable when coming to class. We want the parents as well as students to know that the YMCA dojo is a safe training environment. One way of insuring this is through consistent dojo expectations. To insure a consistent routine the following expectations of conduct will exist in the dojo: 8
Students will bow upon entering and before leaving the dojo floor and when approaching and taking leave of the instructor and other black belts; Higher belts will aid lower belts in their training; Lower belts will follow the instructions of higher belts in the dojo; Karate-ka will address each other with their proper titles; - any black belt is addressed as Sensei ; - a senior student is addressed as Sempai ; - a junior student is addressed as Cohai ; Sparring will take place only with the supervision of a black belt; - Mouthpiece and mitts must be worn; - Gohon, Sonbon and Ippon Kumite are allowed at any time; Students will maintain a serious attitude; - Do not fool around before, during, or after class; Demonstrate respect of the dojo and the students, past and present; Students will keep fingers and toe nails cut short and will not wear jewelry. It is our expectation that all students be in class each training session. We know that with every ones busy schedule that is not possible so we ask that you let instructors know if you will be out of class for an extended period of time. If you are scheduled to test you MUST be training a minimum of two times per week unless you prearrange that time off with the instructor. Special Goals or Needs Special needs, injuries, or limitations should be shared with the instructor. Classes will be tailored as much as possible to allow full participation despite these factors. Also, special interests or goals including competition, weapons training, or other martial arts topics should also be discussed with the instructor. There are many resources within our organization to help meet these needs and desires. 9
Opening Ceremony Each class will open and close with a brief ceremony. When we line up to begin class, lines are formed by rank with the sempai in the front right position. Stand at attention. Sempai will lead the class through the opening/closing ceremony as follows: 1. "Kiotsuke" (attention); 2. "Seiza" (kneeling stance); 3. "Dojo-Kun" (school creed); Be Humble and Polite; Be Loyal to Karate-Do; Strive to Reach your Limits; Be Patient and not Discouraged; Work to Develop a Healthy Mind and Body. 4. "Mokuso" (meditation); - Usually about 30-45 seconds, this time should be used to focus your mind on your training and to shut out all other distractions; 5. "Sensei-ni" (turn to face the Sensei); 6. "Rei" (bow) Bow to Sensei; - Students rise up from the bowing posture in order of rank starting from the front right position in the room; 7. "Otagai-ni" (face each other) the front row turns to face the rest of the class; 8. "Rei" (bow) Students bow to each other; 9. "Shomen-ni" (face front) the front row turns to face the front of the class again; 10
10. "Tate" (stand up) the whole class jumps up ready to begin training. Courtesy When Entering Class Late If class has already started, including opening ceremony students are to kneel quietly in the back of the room and perform the mokuso. Afterwards, they should move up to the outside of the dojo floor across from the sensei and wait in kioski stance until the sensei is not speaking. The student should then bow and say "Oss Sensei, sorry I'm late. May I join class?" Sensei should acknowledge a loud, but respectful, request by motioning you to join the other students. Late students should join in the back of the class regardless of their rank and should not try to insert themselves into the existing lines. Basics Like the foundation of a home having to be strong, so do the basic fundamentals of karate have to be strong. To excel at anything requires a great deal of patience and practice. Karate is no exception. There are no shortcuts or secret techniques to help you master it overnight. Your body requires many hundreds of repetitions of a given movement to make it feel natural, and many thousands more for that movement to develop into a reflex. To that end, a great deal of time is devoted to practicing basic blocks, punches, kicks, and stances, in many combinations, in place and moving up and down the floor. For a karateka the practice of basics is ongoing and never ends. The moment that you become complacent and begin to believe that your basics are "good enough" is the moment that you stop learning. Following this introduction there will be many references to the "chamber position." Chamber position is the ready position from which a punch is thrown. It consists of resting your fist (palm up) at the side of your body just below your ribcage with your elbow directly behind your fist. You will also see targeting references such as jodan, chudan and gedan (high, middle and low respectively). These are applicable to all blocks, strikes and kicks. For example, a gedan-barai uke (lower sweeping block) is used to deflect most kicks. Tournaments Participation in tournaments is based on individual preferences. It is not a requirement of this dojo. On the other hand, tournaments provide an exciting opportunity to test yourself in front of the unknown. The following opportunities exist for tournaments: the Northwest Classic, the West 11
Coast Open, the Oregon and Washington USA-National Karate Federation (USANKF) State Championships, the USANKF National Championship, and the USANKF Junior Olympics and Masters Tournament. These tournaments are sanctioned by USANKF governing body and use all USANKF tournament rules. The USANKF is the governing body of karate sanctioned by the US Olympic Committee. Participation opportunities also exist for local tournaments as well as certain International tournaments, especially those held nearby in Canada such as the Sato Cup or Steveston. 12
Tying Your Obi (belt) (a) Find the center of your belt and place it directly in front of you at waist level. (b) Wrap the right side of the belt clockwise all the way around your waist and pinch it under the center of your belt. (c) Wrap the left side of the belt counterclockwise all the way around your waist and hold it over the center of your belt. (d) Take the left end of your belt, loop it underneath both wrappings and pull it through. (e) Place the left end of your belt across and on top of the right end of your belt. (f) Take the right end of your belt (the one underneath) and loop it over and through the left end. (g) Pull the ends of your belt tight. It should look like the illustration and both ends should hang evenly at about the same length. 13
Basic Karate Techniques Stances All moving, blocking, punching and kicking are based on a strong stance. If your stances are weak, everything else suffers. The following are most of the basic stances used in karate with brief explanations of their form and function. Seiza (kneeling) - fig 1 Kneel down and overlap your toes. Sit back on your heels. Keep your back straight, your head up and your eyes forward. Relax your arms, rest your hands on your thighs with fingers together. Men part their knees slightly while women keep their knees together. Kiotsuke (attention stance) - fig 2 Stand with your heels and toes together. Keep your legs and back straight. Let your arms hang down at your sides with your hands open and your fingers together. Keep your head up and look straight ahead. This stance is used at the opening of a kata or when starting a series of basics. 14
Musubi-Dachi (close stance) - fig 3 (a) Bring both hands forward, palms up overlapping fingers, right over left. (b) Bend your arms at the elbows, hands are palm-in just below your chin. (c) Scissor your hands down, pivot both feet out 45 on your heels. 15
Heiko-Dachi (shoulder stance) - fig 4 (a) Step to the side with your left foot so that your feet are one shoulder width apart. Make both hands into fists, and snap them back to chamber position. Keep your back straight, your head up, and eyes forward. (b) Relax your arms and let your hands hang down about six inches apart just in front of your thighs. This is the stance that nearly all techniques begin from. Zenkutsu-Dachi (front stance) - fig 5 (a) Bend your right leg so your knee is directly above your foot. Lock your left leg behind you. Keep your back foot pointed as forward as possible and your heel on the floor. Your stance should be one shoulder width wide, with your back straight and your hips and shoulders squared and facing straight ahead. (b) Remain at the same height and slide your back foot forward and in next to your front foot in an arcing crescent motion. Your knees will need to be bent to keep you at the same height. (c) Slide your left foot forward and out in an arcing crescent motion. Bend your left leg so your knee is directly above your foot. Lock your right leg behind you. Keep your back foot pointed as forward as possible and your heel on the floor. Your stance should be one 16
shoulder width wide, with your back straight and your hips and shoulders squared and facing straight ahead. Neko Ashi-Dachi (cat stance) - fig 6 (a) Turn your rear foot out 45. Rest all of your weight on your rear leg. The heal of your rear foot is on line with the heal of the front foot. Pivot your hips 45 clockwise. Reach forward with your front. Reach forward with your left leg resting the ball of your foot on the floor. The shin of the front leg should be almost verticle. The bend at the knee is gradual. (b) To move forward: Shift your weight to the left foot, set and turn it out 45. Slide your right toes up to your left toes. (c) Continue stepping forward and assumes the same stance as in step (a) with the opposite feet. 17
Kokutsu-Dachi (back stance) - fig 7 (a) Pivot your hips counterclockwise 45. Turn your left knee and foot out 90. Point your right foot straight ahead. Extend your right leg forward. Bend both of your knees and distribute your weight 60/40 back/front both of your heels should be on one line. (b) Shift your weight forward. Slide your left foot up next to your right foot. Your knees will need to be bent to keep you at the same height. (c) Continue stepping forward and assumes the same stance as in step (a) with the opposite feet. Shiko-Dachi (straddle stance) - fig 8 (a) Slide your left foot out in line with your right foot. Turn both feet out 45. Bend both knees until they are directly over your feet. Distribute your weight evenly. Keep your back straight. Do not lean forward. Look in the direction of travel. (b) Slide your back foot up next to your front foot. You ll need to keep your knees slightly bent to maintain the same height. (c) Continue stepping forward and assumes the same stance as in step (a) with the opposite feet. 18
Kiba-Dachi - fig 9 (a) Slide your left foot out in line with your right foot. Keep your feet pointed forward. Bend both knees until they are directly over your feet. Distribute your weight evenly. Keep your back straight. Do not lean forward. Look in the direction of travel. (b) Slide your back foot up next to your front foot. You ll need to keep your knees slightly bent to maintain the same height. (c) Continue stepping forward and assumes the same stance as in step (a) with the opposite feet. 19
Blocking Techniques Each of the blocks in this section is designed to protect specific parts of your body. Which block you use will depend on where and how you are attacked. To become useful blocks must be practiced until they become reflex actions, during sparring there is no time to think. The following are most of the basic blocks used in karate with brief explanations of their form and function. Gedan Barai-Uke (down block) - fig 10 (a) Place your left fist in front of your body covering your groin area. Raise your right fist (palm in) to your left ear. (b) Lead with the back of your right fist keeping it to the outside of your left arm, sweep your right arm down until it is about six inches in front of your right hip. At the last instant turn your right palm down. As your right arm sweeps down pull your left fist to chamber position. Jodan Age-Uke (rising block) - fig 11 (a) Raise your left hand (palm out) over your head high enough to see under your arm and even with your right shoulder. At the same time pull your right fist to chamber position. (b) Drop your left elbows down the center of your body and turn your left palm in. At the same time, raise your right hand (palm in) over your head high enough to see under your arm and even with your left shoulder. At the same time pull your left fist to chamber position. 20
Chudan Soto-Uke (outside block) - fig 12 (a) Extend your left fist (palm down) in front of your solar plexus. At the same time move your right fist (palm down) just under your left armpit. (b) Without moving your right elbow, lead with the back of your right fist and slide it along the outside of your left arm until your right fist is in front of your right shoulder. At the last instant turn your right palm in. Your elbow should be bent 90. At the same time pull your left fist to chamber position. Chudan Uchi-Uke (inside block) - fig 13 (a) Extend your left fist (palm down) in front of your solar plexus. At the same time move your right fist (palm out) to your right ear. Keep your elbow directly behind your fist. 21
(b) Leading with your fist, swing your right arm across your chest until your elbow is in front of your solar plexus and your fist is even with your left shoulder. At the last instant turn your right palm in. At the same time pull your left fist to chamber position. Shuto-Uke (open-hand block) - fig 14 (a) Extend your left open hand (palm down) in front of your solar plexus. At the same time bring your right hand (palm in) to your left ear. (b) Leading with the back of your hand and keeping it to the outside of your left arm, extend your right arm out directly in front of your solar plexus. Turn your right hand so that your fingers point up at chin level and you are striking with the outside edge of your palm. At the same time pull your left fist to chamber position. 22
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Punching Techniques In a traditional karate punch power is generated first through your legs then by twisting your hips, back, shoulder. Finally the extension of your arm drives the punch forward with the power of your whole body behind it. The following are most of the basic punches used in karate with brief explanations of their form and function. Oi-Tsuki (step-in punch) - fig 15 (a) Starting from zenkutsu-dachi with your right foot forward, extend your right fist (palm down) directly out from your solar plexus. Your left fist should be in chamber position. (b) Step forward with your left foot. As you step in, retract your right fist to chamber position, extend your left fist palm up. At the last instant roll your fist over 180 (palm down). Gyaku-Tsuki (reverse punch) - fig 16 (a) Starting from zenkutsu-dachi with your right foot forward, extend your left fist (palm down) directly out from your solar plexus. Your right fist should be in chamber position. (b) Step forward with your left foot. As you step in, retract your left fist to chamber position, extend your right fist palm up. At the last instant roll your fist over 180 (palm down). 24
Sanren-Tsuki (triple punch) - fig 17 (a) Starting from zenkutsu-dachi with your right foot forward, punch to your opponent s face with your right hand (see step-in punch fig. 15). (b) Maintain your stance and punch toward your opponent s stomach with your left hand (see reverse-punch fig. 16). (c) Maintain your stance and punch towards your opponent s stomach with your right hand (see step-in punch fig. 15). 25
Kicking Techniques The following are most of the basic kicks used in karate with brief explanations of their form and function. Mai-Geri (front kick) - fig 18 (a) From Heiko Dachi, lift your left knee up to your chest. Keep your foot facing forward directly beneath your knee. (b) Point your foot towards your target and pull your toes back to avoid injuring them. Thrust your leg and foot forward at about waist level in a straight line. Your foot should strike your target with a direct thrust, not a scraping or sliding motion. Mawashi-Geri (roundhouse kick) - fig 19 (a) From Heiko Dachi, lift your left knee to your left side about waist high. Bend your knee back all the way so that your left foot is next to your left hip. Keep your knee and foot at the same height. (b) Pivot your hips 90 clock-wise, point your left knee toward your target. Pull your toes back to avoid injuring them. Swing your foot out at waist level in a sweeping motion. You should strike the side of your target with the ball of your foot. 26
Yoko-Geri (side kick) - fig 20 (a) From Heiko Dachi, lift your left knee up to your chest. Point your foot forward directly beneath your knee. (b) Pivot your hips 90 clock-wise and thrust your leg and foot out at waist level in a straight line. The outside edge of your foot should strike your target with a direct thrust, not a scraping or sliding motion. 27
Kata Kata is an integral part of karate training. The continued practice of kata is essential in developing the proper breathing, agility, speed, power, and focus needed to turn basic techniques into practical fighting combinations. A kata is a choreographed fight against a number of imaginary opponents. Most kata have been passed down through the years from sensei to student and represent the strengths of that particular style. At JKF we practice many different kata from many different styles under the assumption that most styles have something of value to pass on. To earn your first belt you must know four of the first five kihon (basic) kata. As the name implies, these kata consist of basic techniques and stances. They are one of the best methods of training because they teach practical combinations while helping you to develop good form. The first four katas all use front stance and lunge punch. The names of the katas and blocks used are: Kihon Kata Ichi (one) Kihon Kata Ni (two) Kihon kata San (three) Kihon Kata Yon (four) Down block Upper block Outside block Down block Outside block 28
Kihon Kata Ichi Basic Kata number One These are the steps of the first four kata that must be learned for the Orange belt test. Note that only the blocking movement changes between these katas. The footwork, timing, and direction of turns are all the same. Also, this table assumes that you begin facing N (North). Turning CW is clockwise and CCW is counter clockwise, 90 is 90 degrees (one quarter turn). With the proper foot, direction of turn, and ultimate facing direction, this guide should help you remember the kata when it is taught in class. Please ask the instructors if you have questions. Kihon Kata Ichi Basic Kata Number One Move Foot Direction Facing Stance Hand Notes - - N Rei! - - N Musubi Close Stance - - N Heiko Shoulder Stance 1 L CCW90 W Zenkutsu GedanBarai Uke 2 R - W Zenkutsu Oi-Tsuki 3 R CW180 E Zenkutsu GedanBarai Uke 4 L - E Zenkutsu Oi-Tsuki 5 L CCW90 N Zenkutsu GedanBarai Uke 6 R - N Zenkutsu Oi-Tsuki 7 L - N Zenkutsu Oi-Tsuki 8 R - N Zenkutsu Oi-Tsuki Kiai 9 L CCW90 E Zenkutsu GedanBarai Uke 10 R - E Zenkutsu Oi-Tsuki 11 R CW180 W Zenkutsu GedanBarai Uke 12 L - W Zenkutsu Oi-Tsuki 13 L CCW90 S Zenkutsu GedanBarai Uke 14 R - S Zenkutsu Oi-Tsuki 15 L - S Zenkutsu Oi-Tsuki 16 R - S Zenkutsu Oi-Tsuki Kiai 17 L CCW90 W Zenkutsu GedanBarai Uke 18 R - W Zenkutsu Oi-Tsuki 19 R CW180 E Zenkutsu GedanBarai Uke 20 L - E Zenkutsu Oi-Tsuki L CCW90 N Heiko Shoulder Stance L - N Musubi Close Stance L - N Rei! 29
Kumite Ultimately, all martial arts involve fighting practice. Mere physical fighting is not however the primary purpose of a martial art. The purpose of martial arts is to provide the practitioner with the tools necessary to live a long healthy productive life. Martial arts help the people who practice them to develop self-confidence by providing exercises to strengthen the body and mind. A person who is confident does not fear trying new experiences and looks at each facet of life as a test or opportunity to improve their condition. The experienced martial artist is able to avoid physical confrontation by having the confidence to avoid situations that could otherwise lead to violence. We practice fighting in a controlled environment so that we don t have to fight on the street. Gohon Kumite: Five Step Sparring: In five step sparring the blocks and attacks are all prearranged. All blocks are same when performing this training exercise. Sonbon Kumite: Three Step Sparring More advanced is three step sparring in which the attacks and defenses are prearranged before hand. What is different here is that the attacks focus on different target areas (upper, middle, and lower). Different blocks are used as well. Ippon Kumite: One-Step Sparring A good way to practice fighting techniques is one-step sparring. In this practice students face off against each other and take turns attacking and defending using simple one or two move techniques. This exercise helps to get the student used to being attacked and used to attacking. Repetitive practice is the key to good technique. Practice in Ippon kumite more closely resembles a self-defense situation. Free Sparring After you have developed some fighting combinations by practicing one-step sparring. You can test their effectiveness in a bout of free sparring. Your ability to put together and deliver effective combinations and use them under pressure is put to the test when you enter the ring against an opponent. Free sparring can be slow or fast, with light to full contact. Beginners will 30
usually fight slower with less contact until their skill and control improve, then speed and contact can increase. Choosing a partner more advanced than yourself is the best way to learn since they don t have anything to prove and aren t trying to compete against you and can take the time to help you find out what works best for you. 31
Glossary of Japanese Terminology Japanese to English Japanese Translation Aiuchi Aka Ashi-Barai Bo Budo Bu-Jutsu Bushi Bushido Chudan Chukoku Dachi Dan Do Dojo Empi Gedan Gedan Barai-Uke Geri Gi Gyaku-Tsuki Hai Hajime Haito Hansoku Hansoku Chui Hantei Heiko-Dachi Hidari Ippon Ippon-Ken Ippon-Kumite Ji-Yu Kumite Jodan Jodan-Uke Jogai Juji-uke Jutsu Kage-Tsuki English Term Clash-No Points Awarded Red Leg Sweep Staff Martial Arts Way Martial Art Techniques Japanese Warrior of Noble Birth Warrior s Moral Code Midsection Warning of a Foul Stance Level of Black Belt Way or Path Training Hall Elbow Lower Section Downward Block Kick Karate Uniform Reverse Punch Yes Start Ridge Hand Foul Two Point Penalty Call for Decision Shoulder Stance Left One Point One-knuckle Fist One-Step Sparring Free Sparring Upper Upper Block Out of Bounds X-Block Technique Hook Punch 32
Japanese Translation Kakato Kakon Kama Karate-Do Kata Kata Bunkai Keikoku Kiai Kiba-Dachi Kihon Kime Kingeri Kokutsu-Dachi Koshi Kumite Kumiuchi Kyu Mai-Geri Makiwara Mawashi-Geri Mawashi-Tsuki Mawatte Migi Mikazuki-Geri Mokuso Onmomorote-Uke Mubobi Musubi-Dachi Neko-Dachi Nukite Oi-Tsuki Rei Ryu Samurai Sanchin-Dachi Seiza Sempai Sensei Shihan Shikkaku Shiko-Dachi English Term Heel Chin Sickle Way of the Empty Hand Form or Training Pattern Application of Kata One Point Penalty Harmony of Life Force-Karate Shout Horse Stance Basic Technique Focus Groin Kick Back Stance Ball of Foot Sparring Grappling Colored Belt Grade Front Kick Striking Post Roundhouse Kick Roundhouse Punch Turn Right Crescent Kick Meditation Augmented Block Failure to Protect Yourself Closed Stance Cat Stance Spear Hand Step-in Punch Bow School Japanese Warrior Class Tree Stance Kneeling Posture Senior Student Teacher Master Disqualification Straddle-stance 33
Japanese Translation Shiro Shobu Shushin Shuto Shuto-Uke Sokuto Soto-Uke Te Tettsui Tsuzukete Uchi Uchi-Uke Uke Uraken Ushiro-Geri Yame Yoi Yoko-Geri Yudansha-Kai Zenkutsu Dachi English Term White Competition Referee Knife-Hand Knife-Hand Block Edge Of Foot Outside Block Hand Hammer Fist Continue Inside Inside Block Block Back Fist Back Kick Stop Ready Side Kick Black Belt Organization Front Stance English to Japanese English Term Application of Kata Augmented Block Back Fist Back Kick Back Stance Ball of Foot Basic Technique Black Belt Organization Block Bow Call for Decision Cat Stance Chin Clash-No Points Awarded Closed Stance Colored Belt Grade Competition Japanese Translation Kata Bunkai Onmomorote-Uke Uraken Ushiro-Geri Kokutsu-Dachi Koshi Kihon Yudansha-Kai Uke Rei Hantei Neko-Dachi Kakon Aiuchi Musubi-Dachi Kyu Shobu 34
Japanese English Term Translation Continue Tsuzukete Crescent Kick Mikazuki-Geri Disqualification Shikkaku Downward Block Gedan Barai-Uke Edge Of Foot Sokuto Elbow Empi Failure to Protect Yourself Mubobi Focus Kime Form or Training Pattern Kata Foul Hansoku Free Sparring Ji-Yu Kumite Front Kick Mai-Geri Front Stance Zenkutsu Dachi Grappling Kumiuchi Groin Kick Kingeri Hammer Fist Tettsui Hand Te Harmony of Life Force-Karate Shout Kiai Heel Kakato Hook Punch Kage-Tsuki Horse Stance Kiba-Dachi Inside Uchi Inside Block Uchi-Uke Japanese Warrior Class Samurai Japanese Warrior of Noble Birth Bushi Karate Uniform Gi Kick Geri Kneeling Posture Seiza Knife-Hand Shuto Knife-Hand Block Shuto-Uke Left Hidari Leg Sweep Ashi-Barai Level of Black Belt Dan Lower Section Gedan Martial Art Techniques Bu-Jutsu Martial Arts Way Budo Master Shihan Meditation Mokuso Midsection Chudan One Point Ippon One Point Penalty Keikoku One-knuckle Fist Ippon-Ken 35
English Term One-Step Sparring Out of Bounds Outside Block Ready Red Referee Reverse Punch Ridge Hand Right Roundhouse Kick Roundhouse Punch School Senior Student Shoulder Stance Sickle Side Kick Sparring Spear Hand Staff Stance Start Step-in Punch Stop Straddle-stance Striking Post Teacher Technique Training Hall Tree Stance Turn Two Point Penalty Upper Upper Block Warning of a Foul Warrior s Moral Code Way of the Empty Hand Way or Path White X-Block Yes Japanese Translation Ippon-Kumite Jogai Soto-Uke Yoi Aka Shushin Gyaku-Tsuki Haito Migi Mawashi-Geri Mawashi-Tsuki Ryu Sempai Heiko-Dachi Kama Yoko-Geri Kumite Nukite Bo Dachi Hajime Oi-Tsuki Yame Shiko-Dachi Makiwara Sensei Jutsu Dojo Sanchin-Dachi Mawatte Hansoku Chui Jodan Jodan-Uke Chukoku Bushido Karate-Do Do Shiro Juji-uke Hai 36