08/2016 Marine Division of PFEIFER SEIL- UND HEBETECHNIK GMBH SERVICE CENTER HAMBURG Worldwide Marine Service Mühlenhagen 164 DE-20539 HAMBURG PHONE +49 (0)40-780463-0 FAX +49 (0)40-787013 E-MAIL psh-hamburg@pfeifer.de INTERNET www.wirerope.info
Innovativ wire rope systems in marine services Moving means to set things in motion, to unfold dynamics, to create things. For us in the Pfeifer group, to move is very specific: it means that with our products from the wire rope, lifting and construction technology, we power cranes, elevators, metal coils and work pieces, precast concrete parts and heavy loads. Our cable structure buildings are known all over the world, and so is our extensive knowledge on the dynamics of wire rope in all applications. Moving also means for us that we don't sit still, we study, we learn, we apply and we invest. There is a reason why the Pfeifer group is one of the leading companies for wire ropes, anchoring and lifting systems as well as cable structures in Europe We get things going special requests by customers, efficient and practical solutions, technical expertise, quality and dependable service these are the benefits for you as a partner. Gerhard Pfeifer, President of PFEIFER group 2 The PFEIFER group is one of the leading companies for wire ropes, anchoring and lifting systems as well as cable structures in Europe. The headquarters are located in Memmingen, Germany and distributes through several service centres and subsidiaries in Europe, North America and Asia.
Content Ropes ready to use for all performance classes for cranes are our strength for years. As system supplier with comprehensive know-how in production and application of cranes we would be pleased to advise you on the choice of the right rope system for your construction. The choice of a specific rope construction of our very extensive portfolio of ropes for your wire rope system requires the special application- and rope-know-how of our consultants, because of the dependence on cranesystem, operating conditions and abrasion behaviour of the rope Please let our experts advise you! General information PFEIFER rope classification...4 PFEIFER added value advantage...4 Requirements in wire ropes in marine services...5 Technical information Types of wire ropes...6 Hoist ropes for container deck cranes....7 Hoist ropes for heavy-lift deck cranes.... 10 Hoist ropes for bulker deck cranes.... 13 Luffing ropes for ship deck cranes.... 15 Hoist ropes for rescueboat and lifeboat...20 Rope end terminations Thimble swaging DIN 3090 526...23 Thimble swaging DIN 3091 527...24 Open Spelter Socket OSS...25 Thimbles JIS 20A...26 Full thimbles simmilar to JIS B 2802 27A...27 Mooring Ropes...28 Further practical products and accessories from PFEIFER... 32 PFEIFER Rope Inspection Service...33 For the care of your wire ropes...34 Approved wire rope quality...35 Correct handling of wire ropes...36 3
General information PFEIFER rope classification Premium Highest bending cycles performance Very good characteristic values of performance also on the limits High structural stability High breaking force High-Performance High bending cycles performance High structural stability Performance Line High bending cycles performance Standard Line Standard bending cycles performance PFEIFER added value advantage Complete documentation and traceability High availability Attractive price Own material test centre Comprehensive stock PFEIFER analyses all properties of wire ropes and applied materials with extensive tests to choose the right wire rope for your application and to optimize the lifetime in your equipment. Reduce every risk and trust in our longtime experience in choosing the right ropes! Please let our experts advise you! 4
Requirements in wire ropes in marine services Technical requirements in hoisting ropes High rope speeds, small winch dimensions, as well as large hoisting heigts are complex challenges, which require wire ropes with special properties. The resistance in multi-layer spooling plays a decisive role. The choise of the right end-termination is of high importance. We will be pleased to advise you! Technical requirements in luffing ropes Large rope tension and multiple reevin require special ropes. therefor characteristc of our luffing ropes is for example the excellent performance during the boom set up. Maintenance condition for a safe operation is regular maintenance of the ropes. Our ropes support you in avoiding accidents by signalling dependable the discarding time with sufficient remaining service life. The packaging as rope ring or on reels on stands enables you easy mounting of the ropes. 5
Technical information Types of wire ropes Rotational properties non-rotation resistant rope, general purpose rope: 6 up to 10 outer strands Rotation resistant rope: generally with 11 or more outer strands or ropes with 3 or 4 strands high performance rotation resistant rope: 15 outer strands and more Minimum Breaking Load MBL Depending on the wire tensile strength, the rope fill factor and the rope spinning loss factor It is absolutely essential to keep at least the MBL specified by the equipment manufacturer Lay type langs lay Ordinary (Regular) lay Direction Right hand lay (z) left hand lay (s) Rope core Fibre Core FC (Natural fibre, synthetical fibre) Wire strand core WSC Independent Wire Rope Core IWRC Parallel Wire Rope Center PWRC extruded Plastic Independent Wire Rope Core epiwrc Further properties Compacting (rope or strand compacted) Plastic jacket Rope lubrication and preserving agent Wires, finish and coating galvanized (Galvanization class A D) Bright (Galvanization class U) 6
Hoist ropes for container deck cranes Premium Line PD C 55 Extract from our in stock rope range High performance rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,7145 average spinning loss factor 0,835 Core steel core compacted Lay type langs lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting strands compacted thereby extra wear resistant Finish choice of bright or galvanised Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 34 40 mm 105 23-2 Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1770 N/mm² 1960 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn 34 538 859 1058 36 635 1072 1191 38 707 1194 1327 40 783 1323 1471 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 7
Hoist ropes for container deck cranes Premium Line PD B 55 Extract from our in stock rope range High performance rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,7145 average spinning loss factor 1770 N/mm² 0,835 average spinning loss factor 1960 N/mm² 0,835 average spinning loss factor 2160 N/mm² 0,815 Core Steel core (IWRC or WSC) Lay type langs lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting strands compacted thereby extra wear resistant Finish bright Rope diameter tolerance 0/+4% Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 25 42 mm 105 23-2 Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1770 N/mm² 1960 N/mm² 2160 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn kn 25 301 512 569 611 26 325 554 616 661 27 350 596 662 711 28 383 652 725 778 29 406 692 769 825 30 434 740 822 883 31 461 786 874 938 32 495 844 937 1006 33 525 895 995 1068 34 559 952 1058 1136 35 595 1013 1126 1209 36 629 1072 1191 1279 37 665 1132 1258 1351 38 701 1194 1327 1425 39 738 1258 1398 1501 40 777 1323 1471 1579 41 816 1390 1545 1659 42 856 1459 1621 1741 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 8
Hoist ropes for container deck cranes Premium Line PD B 50 Extract from our in stock rope range High performance rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,7145 average spinning loss factor 1770 N/mm² 0,835 average spinning loss factor 1960 N/mm² 0,835 average spinning loss factor 2160 N/mm² 0,815 Core Steel core (IWRC or WSC) Lay type Ordinary lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting strands compacted thereby extra wear resistant Finish bright Rope diameter tolerance 0/+4% Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 25 42 mm 105 23-2 Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1770 N/mm² 1960 N/mm² 2160 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn kn 25 301 512 569 611 26 325 554 616 661 27 350 596 662 711 28 383 652 725 778 29 406 692 769 825 30 434 740 822 883 31 461 786 874 938 32 495 844 937 1006 33 525 895 995 1068 34 559 952 1058 1136 35 595 1013 1126 1209 36 629 1072 1191 1279 37 665 1132 1258 1351 38 701 1194 1327 1425 39 738 1258 1398 1501 40 777 1323 1471 1579 41 816 1390 1545 1659 42 856 1459 1621 1741 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 9
Hoist ropes for heavy-lift deck cranes Premium Line Extract from our in stock rope range PD B 65 High performance rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,7357 average spinning loss factor 1770 N/mm² 0,845 average spinning loss factor 1960 N/mm² 0,845 average spinning loss factor 2160 N/mm² 0,825 Core steel core compacted Lay type langs lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting strands compacted thereby extra wear resistant Finish bright Rope diameter tolerance 0/+4% Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 25 48 mm 105 23-2 Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. 10 Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1770 N/mm² 1960 N/mm² 2160 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn kn 25 309 532 592 637 26 334 577 640 689 27 360 620 689 740 28 394 678 754 811 29 417 719 800 860 30 446 770 856 919 31 474 818 909 977 32 509 877 975 1048 33 540 931 1035 1113 34 575 990 1100 1183 35 612 1054 1171 1258 36 647 1115 1240 1332 37 684 1178 1309 1406 38 721 1243 1381 1483 39 759 1309 1455 1562 40 799 1377 1530 1643 41 839 1446 1608 1727 42 880 1518 1687 1812 43 923 1591 1769 1899 44 966 1666 1851 1989 45 1011 1743 1936 2080 46 1056 1821 2023 2173 47 1102 1901 2113 2269 48 1149 1983 2203 2366 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info
Hoist ropes for heavy-lift deck cranes Premium Line Extract from our in stock rope range PD B 63 High performance rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,7357 average spinning loss factor 1770 N/mm² 0,845 average spinning loss factor 1960 N/mm² 0,845 average spinning loss factor 2160 N/mm² 0,825 Core full plastic impregnation of the compacted steel core to further extend fatigue life, improve structural stability Lay type Ordinary lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting strands compacted thereby extra wear resistant Finish choice of bright or galvanised Rope diameter tolerance 0/+4% Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 12 49 mm 105 23-2 from 50 70 mm 255 27 Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1770 N/mm² 1960 N/mm² 2160 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn kn 40 799 1377 1530 1643 42 880 1518 1687 1812 44 966 1666 1851 1989 46 1056 1821 2023 2173 48 1149 1983 2203 2366 50 1248 2152 2391 2567 52 1350 2327 2586 2778 54 1455 2510 2788 2995 56 1565 2699 2999 3221 58 1679 2902 3214 3459 60 1796 3106 3440 3701 62 1918 3317 3673 3951 64 2044 3534 3913 4211 66 2173 3759 4162 4478 68 2308 3990 4418 4754 70 2446 4228 4681 5037 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 11
Hoist ropes for heavy-lift deck cranes Premium Line Extract from our in stock rope range PD B 55 High performance rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,7145 average spinning loss factor 1770 N/mm² 0,835 average spinning loss factor 1960 N/mm² 0,835 average spinning loss factor 2160 N/mm² 0,815 Core Steel core (IWRC or WSC) Lay type langs lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting strands compacted thereby extra wear resistant Finish bright Rope diameter tolerance 0/+4% Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 40 49 mm 105 23-2 from 50 76 mm 255 27 Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1770 N/mm² 1960 N/mm² 2160 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn kn 40 777 1323 1471 1579 42 856 1459 1621 1741 44 940 1601 1780 1910 46 1027 1750 1945 2088 48 1118 1906 2117 2273 50 1214 2068 2298 2467 52 1313 2237 2485 2668 54 1415 2412 2681 2878 56 1522 2594 2883 3095 58 1633 2790 3090 3324 60 1747 2986 3307 3557 62 1866 3188 3530 3797 64 1988 3397 3762 4046 66 2114 3613 4000 4303 68 2245 3835 4247 4568 70 2379 4064 4500 4840 72 2516 4299 4761 74 2658 4542 5029 76 2804 4790 5305 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 12
Hoist ropes for bulker deck cranes Premium Line Extract from our in stock rope range PD Super 4 Rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,7208 average spinning loss factor 1770 N/mm² 0,84 average spinning loss factor 1960 N/mm² 0,84 average spinning loss factor 2160 N/mm² 0,82 Core fibre core (NFC or SFC) Lay type Ordinary lay Lay direction Right hand Compacting strands and rope compacted thereby extra wear resistant Finish choice of bright or galvanised Rope diameter tolerance 0/+4% Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 30 32 mm 144 22 Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. WARNING: Never use with a swivel failure to comply may result in serious damages and injuries Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1770 N/mm² 1960 N/mm² 2160 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn kn 30 442 762 847 909 32 498 859 955 1026 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 13
Hoist ropes for bulker deck cranes Extract from our in stock rope range Performance Line P 1104 Rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,54 average spinning loss factor 0,84 Core fibre core (NFC or SFC) Lay type Ordinary lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting not compacted Finish choice of bright or galvanised Rope diameter tolerance 0/+4% Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 32 36 mm 144 06 WARNING: Never use with a swivel failure to comply may result in serious damages and injuries Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1960 N/mm² kg/100 m kn 32 396 723 34 437 816 36 497 900 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 14
Luffing ropes for ship deck cranes Premium Line Extract from our in stock rope range PD H 40 Non-rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,7403 average spinning loss factor 0,84 Core steel core compacted Lay type Ordinary lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting strands compacted thereby extra wear resistant Finish choice of bright or galvanised Rope diameter tolerance 0/+4% Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 24 42 mm 208 09 WARNING: Never use with a swivel failure to comply may result in serious damages and injuries Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1770 N/mm² 1960 N/mm² 2160 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn kn 24 287 496 550 606 25 310 534 593 653 26 333 574 638 701 27 362 624 694 763 28 390 672 747 822 29 426 735 816 898 30 449 774 860 946 31 482 832 925 1017 32 511 881 979 1078 33 545 940 1045 1149 34 582 1004 1116 1227 35 609 1050 1167 1284 36 650 1121 1246 1371 37 693 1194 1327 1460 38 738 1273 1415 1556 39 767 1322 1469 1616 40 797 1374 1527 1680 41 841 1453 1609 1773 42 893 1540 1711 1882 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 15
Luffing ropes for ship deck cranes Premium Line Extract from our in stock rope range PD X 53 Rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,675 average spinning loss factor 1770 N/mm² 0,85 average spinning loss factor 1960 N/mm² 0,85 average spinning loss factor 2160 N/mm² 0,84 Core plastic coated steel core therefore increased structural strength Lay type Ordinary lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting strands compacted thereby extra wear resistant Finish choice of bright or galvanised Rope diameter tolerance 0 / +4,5% Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 24 42 mm 208 09 WARNING: Never use with a swivel failure to comply may result in serious damages and injuries Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1770 N/mm² 1960 N/mm² 2160 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn kn 24 272 459 509 554 25 295 498 552 601 26 319 539 597 650 27 344 581 643 701 28 370 626 693 754 29 397 671 743 809 30 425 718 795 866 31 457 772 855 932 32 487 823 911 992 33 518 875 969 1055 34 549 929 1030 1121 35 582 984 1090 1187 36 616 1041 1153 1256 37 651 1100 1221 1328 38 686 1168 1298 1413 39 723 1222 1353 1474 40 761 1285 1424 1551 41 799 1351 1496 1629 42 838 1418 1574 1713 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 16
Luffing ropes for ship deck cranes Premium Line Extract from our in stock rope range PD X 43 Rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,6226 average spinning loss factor 1770 N/mm² 0,845 average spinning loss factor 1960 N/mm² 0,845 average spinning loss factor 2160 N/mm² 0,835 Core plastic coated steel core therefore increased structural strength Lay type Ordinary lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting not compacted Finish choice of bright or galvanised Rope diameter tolerance 0/+4,5% Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 24 40 mm 152 06 Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. WARNING: Never use with a swivel failure to comply may result in serious damages and injuries Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1770 N/mm² 1960 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn 24 261 422 469 25 285 462 513 26 307 497 552 27 326 528 587 28 358 580 645 29 382 620 689 30 409 663 736 31 434 703 781 32 459 745 827 33 497 806 896 34 528 855 951 35 545 884 982 36 588 953 1058 37 618 1002 1113 38 660 1069 1188 39 691 1120 1244 40 728 1180 1311 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 17
Luffing ropes for ship deck cranes High Performance Line Extract from our in stock rope range P 929 Non-rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,66 average spinning loss factor 0,852 Core plastic coated steel core therefore increased structural strength Lay type choice of regular/ordinary lay or langs lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting Compacted rope therefore particularly resistance to crushing and abrasion Finish choice of bright or galvanised Rope diameter tolerance +2%/+4% Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 24 42 mm 208 09 WARNING: Never use with a swivel failure to comply may result in serious damages and injuries Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1960 N/mm² 2160 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn 24 269 516 560 25 288 544 590,5 26 315 606 657 28 365 701 761 30 412 805 874 32 472 917 995 34 532 1035 1124 36 597 1161 1260 38 665 1293 1403 40 737 1433 1555 42 813 1580 1715 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 18
Luffing ropes for ship deck cranes Extract from our in stock rope range Standard Line 6 x 36 Warrington-Seale WC Rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,586 Core Steel core (IWRC or WSC) Lay type Ordinary lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting not compacted Finish choice of bright or galvanised Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 24 36 mm 216 09 Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1770 N/mm² 1960 N/mm² 2160 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn kn 24 236 363 402 443 26 276 426 472 520 28 321 494 547 603 32 419 645 715 787 36 530 817 904 997 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 19
Hoist ropes for rescueboat and lifeboat Performance Line Extract from our in stock rope range P 1060 High performance rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,716 average spinning loss factor 1960 N/mm² 0,85 average spinning loss factor 2160 N/mm² 0,81 Core steel core compacted Lay type langs lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting strands compacted thereby extra wear resistant Finish choice of bright or galvanised Rope diameter tolerance +0/+5% Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 14 18 mm 126 23-3 Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1960 N/mm² 2160 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn 14 94,9 183,3 192,5 15 108,8 209,6 220,6 16 124,5 239,4 251,4 17 139,8 269,7 283,4 18 156,2 302,5 317,7 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 20
Hoist ropes for rescueboat and lifeboat Performance Line Extract from our in stock rope range P 803 High performance rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,615 average spinning loss factor 0,78 Core Steel core (IWRC or WSC) Lay type choice of regular/ordinary lay or langs lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting not compacted Finish choice of bright or galvanised Rope diameter tolerance 0/+5% Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 10 18 mm 112 23-2 Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm approx. 1770 N/mm² 1960 N/mm² 2160 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn kn 10 44 69 77 84 11 53 84 94 103 12 62 98 109 120 13 73 115 128 141 14 83 132 146 161 15 97 155 171 189 16 109 174 193 213 17 122 195 216 238 18 136 216 239 263 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 21
Hoist ropes for rescueboat and lifeboat Extract from our in stock rope range Standard Line 6 x 36 Warrington-Seale WC Rotation resistant ropes Average fill factor 0,586 Core Steel core (IWRC or WSC) Lay type Ordinary lay Lay direction choice of right hand or left hand Compacting not compacted Finish choice of bright or galvanised Diameter range Number of load bearing wires within the outer strands RCN according ISO 4309 from 0 18 mm 216 09 Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Nominal rope Ø Weight Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min Minimum breaking force F min mm inch approx. 1770 N/mm² 1960 N/mm² 2160 N/mm² kg/100 m kn kn kn 10 40,9 63 69,8 76,9 11 49,5 76,2 84,4 93 12 58,9 90,7 100 111 1/2 68,5 102,3 118,3 129,9 13 69,1 106 118 130 14 80,2 124 137 151 15 92,6 142 158 174 16 105 161 179 197 18 133 204 226 249 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 22
Rope end terminations Thimble swaging DIN 3090 526 Thimbles Material Surface Fill factor range Fill factor f f1: 0,36 f2: 0,36 < f 0,62 f3: 0,62 < f S235JR Galvanized Don t use non-rotation resistant and rotation resistant ropes with a turnable fixed point (e. g. swivel). The end termination has to be fixed against rotation as well. If this is not observed considerable damage, serious injury or death will occur. A A 1 d L t Lv1 max f1 dv1 f1 mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm 207 57 90 292 56 146 72 +1,6 177 76 +1,6 198 80 +1,6 233 62 100 331 63 153 76 +1,6 186 80 +1,6 209 88 +1,9 235 62 100 331 65 161 80 +1,6 198 88 +1,9 221 96 +1,9 272 70 110 360 69,5 177 88 +1,9 218 96 +1,9 242 104 +2,1 274 74 120 389 74 194 96 +1,9 236 104 +2,1 264 112 +2,3 304 83 130 427 83,5 209 104 +2,1 256 112 +2,3 287 120 +2,4 323 86 140 457 88 226 112 +2,3 276 120 +2,4 343 93 150 486 92,5 242 120 +2,4 Tol1 f1 Lv2 max f2 dv2 f2 Tol2 f2 Lv3 max f3 dv3 f3 Tol3 f3 23
Rope end terminations Thimble swaging DIN 3091 527 Thimbles Material solid thimble EN GJS-400-15, EN GJMW-400-5 Surface solid thimble bright or galvanised Application area Round strand rope (acc. to average filling factor f) Fill factor range Fill factor f f1: 0,36 f2: 0,36 < f 0,62 f3: 0,62 < f Don t use non-rotation resistant and rotation resistant ropes with a turnable fixed point (e. g. swivel). The end termination has to be fixed against rotation as well. If this is not observed considerable damage, serious injury or death will occur. ds A A 1 d L t Lv1 max f1 dv1 f1 Tol1 f1 Lv2 max f2 dv2 f2 Tol2 f2 Lv3 max f3 dv3 f3 Tol3 f3 mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm 16 95 26,6 35 106 47,5 65 32 +0,7 80 36 +0,9 89 40 +0,9 18 106 29,1 45 118 53 73 36 +0,9 89 40 +0,9 101 44 +0,9 20 117 31,6 45 131 59 81 40 +0,9 100 44 +0,9 111 48 +1,6 22 129 34,1 50 144 64,5 89 44 +0,9 109 48 +1,6 122 52 +1,6 24 140 36,8 50 157 70 97 48 +1,6 119 52 +1,6 134 56 +1,6 26 152 40,3 60 170 76 105 52 +1,6 129 56 +1,6 144 60 +1,4 28 162 42,8 60 182 81 114 56 +1,6 138 60 +1,4 155 64 +1,4 30 183 47,8 70 208 91,5 121 60 +1,4 149 64 +1,4 167 68 +1,4 32 185 47,8 70 208 92,5 130 64 +1,4 159 68 +1,4 177 72 +1,6 34 206 54 75 234 103 139 68 +1,4 168 72 +1,6 187 76 +1,6 36 208 54 75 234 104 146 72 +1,6 177 76 +1,6 198 80 +1,6 38 228 59 85 260 114 153 76 +1,6 186 80 +1,6 209 88 +1,9 40 230 59 85 260 115 161 80 +1,6 198 88 +1,9 221 96 +1,9 44 253 64 90 286 127 177 88 +1,9 218 96 +1,9 242 104 +2,1 48 276 70 100 312 138 194 96 +1,9 236 104 +2,1 264 112 +2,3 52 299 75,5 110 338 150 209 104 +2,1 256 112 +2,3 287 120 +2,4 24 Maximum dimensions of t 1 including tolerance Minimum dimensions of d inclusing tolerance
Rope end terminations Open Spelter Socket OSS 381 Socket Material Cast steel Cold resistant to 20 C Surface Socket body painted or galvanised Pin Galvanized Application area Nominal tensile strength 2160 N/mm² Round strand ropes Don t use non-rotation resistant and rotation resistant ropes with a turnable fixed point (e. g. swivel). The end termination has to be fixed against rotation as well. If this is not observed considerable damage, serious injury or death will occur. item number NG ds A A 1 db L b t t 1 MBL mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm kn 3381010 197 8 10 42 11 20,6 124 21 22 45 117,7 3381013 198 11 13 50 12 25 142 25 27 51 196,2 3381016 199 14 16 58 14 30 171 32 32 63 245,3 3381019 100 18 19 70 16 35 205 38 40 76 392,4 3381022 104 20 22 80 19 41 235 44 45 89 539,6 3381026 108 23 26 104 22 51 275 51 60 101 735,8 3381030 111 27 30 114 25 57 306 57 65 114 882,9 3381036 115 31 36 126 28 63 338 63 72 127 1226,3 3381039 118 37 39 142 30 70 394 76 80 162 1471,5 3381042 120 40 42 152 33 76 418 76 88 165 1667,7 3381048 125 43 48 176 39 89 468 89 100 178 2207,3 3381054 128 49 54 194 46 95 552 101 108 228 2746,8 0338160 130 55 60 210 53 108 598 113 120 250 3531,6 3381068 132 61 68 236 60 121 654 127 133 273 4169,3 3381075 135 69 75 240 73 127 696 133 138 279 4512,6 3381080 138 76 80 252 76 133 737 146 146 286 5493,6 MBL = minimum breaking load 25
Rope end terminations Thimbles JIS 20A Socket Material Socket body Cast steel Pin steel Surface Socket body painted or galvanised Application area Round strand ropes Don t use non-rotation resistant and rotation resistant ropes with a turnable fixed point (e. g. swivel). The end termination has to be fixed against rotation as well. If this is not observed considerable damage, serious injury or death will occur. Reference no. ds A A 1 db L LB b t t 1 t 2 MBL mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm kn 230200 20 70 16 30 205 107 38 40 76 89 274,6 219329 22,4 80 19 34 235 123 44 45 89 101 343,2 219330 25 104 22 40 275 138 51 60 101 114 509,9 219331 28 114 25 43 306 160 57 65 114 127 549,2 219332 30 114 25 46 306 160 57 65 114 127 676,7 219333 31,5 126 28 48 338 174 63 72 127 139 676,7 219334 33,5 126 28 52 338 174 63 72 127 139 863 231315 35,5 142 30 56 394 201 76 80 162 152 927,8 26
Rope end terminations Full thimbles simmilar to JIS B 2802 27A Thimbles Material Surface Application area Round strand rope pressed acc. to EN 13411-3 Cast steel Cold resistant to 40 C Hot-dip galvanised Don t use non-rotation resistant and rotation resistant ropes with a turnable fixed point (e. g. swivel). The end termination has to be fixed against rotation as well. If this is not observed considerable damage, serious injury or death will occur. Reference no. NG ds A A 1 d L t t 1 m mm mm mm mm mm mm mm kg 204531 24 20 105 29 42 136 52,5 83,5 1,7 204532 26 22 110 31 42 144 55 89 2,1 204533 28 24 120 33 50 156 60 96 2,5 204534 30 26 130 35 50 166 65 101 3,1 204535 32 28 140 38 50 180 70 110 3,9 204536 34 30 31,5 145 40 55 186 72,5 113,5 4,5 204537 36 32 33,5 150 42 55 196 75 121 5,2 204538 45 35 40 190 52 75 242 95 147 9,6 27
Mooring Ropes Features and benefits depending on rope construction Excellent abrasion resistance Excellent UV resistance Workable in sub-zero temperatures Resistance to rotting, corrosion and seawater Can be stowed wet without any special maintenance Very high breaking strength Floats in water Wet strength equal to dry strength Does not absorb water Flexible, easy to handle and splice Immense range of uses Applications depending on rope construction Mooring General marine applications Messenger lines Mooring winches Mooring lines Anchor ropes Other heavy duty cables 28
Mooring Ropes P MOOR T HMPE fibre ropes Properties nnspecific gravity: 0,91 (floating) nn Melting point: 160 C nn Elongation at break : 25 30 % nnconstruction: 3-, 4-, 8-, 12- and 24-strand Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight MBL mm approx. kg/100 m kn 28 35,4 138,3 30 40,4 157 32 45,9 175,6 36 58,6 215,8 40 71,8 268,8 44 88,1 333,5 48 104 388,5 52 121,8 449,3 56 141,8 514 60 163,1 588,6 64 185 666,1 68 209,5 752,4 72 234,1 835,8 80 290 1030,1 88 350,1 1236,1 96 416,8 1461,7 104 498 1683,3 112 576 1964 120 659 2169 128 750 2398,5 136 858 2719,3 144 959 2999,9 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 29
Mooring Ropes P MOOR M HMPE fibre ropes Properties nnspecific gravity: 0,99 (floating) nn Melting point: 165 C - 260 C nnelongation at break: 25% nnconstruction: 8- and 12-strand Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight MBL mm approx. kg/100 m kn 36 52,9 244,2 40 79 296 44 96,3 357,8 48 114,5 421,6 52 134 495 56 156 568,6 60 179,5 647 64 203,6 735,3 68 229,5 828,4 72 257 926,5 76 287 1009,8 80 319 1137,3 88 386 1362,7 96 457 1617,6 104 540 1892,1 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 30
Mooring Ropes P MOOR W HMPE fibre ropes Properties nnspecific gravity: 1,14 (non-floating) nn Melting point: 215 C nn Elongation at break: 15 % nnconstruction: 6-strand Sample schematic of rope construction used for representative purposes only. Actual construction dependent upon rope diameter. Nominal rope Ø Weight MBL mm approx. kg/100 m kn 18 22 69 20 27,5 88 22 34,5 108 24 40 128 26 46,4 150 28 51,4 165 32 65 216 36 83,2 255 40 100 304 44 125 412 48 148 490 52 160 530 56 200 652 60 217 687 62 235 775 64 245 795 68 280 841 70 310 922 72 335 1060 78 363,6 1177 84 425 1373 90 505 1619 96 585 1864 Please refer to our operating manual stranded ropes! Available at www.pfeifer.info 31
Further practical products and accessories from PFEIFER Pouch socket system Fast and safe re-reeving of wire ropes with the PFEIFER pouch socket system Rope pulleys from the rack or adapted are also among our specialties. Shakels For lifting and connecting loads Rope winding device Winder Willy Gentle rope handling and protection against mechanical damage Caliper Enables quick and easy check wide jaws avoid measuring faults Grommets Maximum lifting capacity and highest reliability Rope measurement devices program Special measurement devices from the rope specialist to reduce costs by extending the lifetime Based on our long-term practical experience of rope drive inspection, we created the following measurement devices program. These measurement devices are used by our rope experts for each inspection and thereby approved for general use. Lubricant RL-S Relubricate your wire rope with the right relubricant to extend the lifetime tremen-dously. 32
PFEIFER Rope Inspection Service PFEIFER Rope Inspection Service Customer consultancy and after sales service rope and spooling analyzation Specialists around the world for help with difficult application problems or short-term trouble shooting Inspection and troubleshooting of spooling problems Reduction of wear and damage effects Improvement of rope lifetime Performance specification PFEIFER offers the inspection of wire ropes in offshore cranes. The scope of our services: J Visual and tactile inspection of wire ropes according to the criteria of ISO 4309 J Measurement of the rope diameter J Examination for wear of sheaves, winch drums and rope drive system J Detailed technical documentation Therefor a team of well trained and experienced specialists is available. Inspection is carried out flexibly by agreement. The conditions may be requested at your PFEIFER contact person. 33
Further andyour services the care of your wire ropes For theproducts care of wireforropes Re-Lubricant Manual Wire ropes For the care of your wire ropes RL-S & RL-B Product Part.-No. 12 x Spray 600 ml 245066 Bucket 10 l 212406 Bucket 30 l 212405 Maintain manual your wire with the Detailed forropes the proper useproper of yourre-lubricant wire ropes and withextend useful the tips to lifetime.the rope lifetime, in German, English, French, Spanish, Italian, extend Russian, Chinese Polish Save costs for newand ropes andlanguage rope changes by extended lifetime. Further languages on request Included in each Rope Service Starter Kit and the measurement equipment cases 75/150 or available as PDF to download from: www.pfeifer.de/en/wire-rope-technology/download Further products and services for the care of your wire ropes Re-lubricant Re-Lubricant Manual Wire service ropes RL-S & RL-B Product Part.-No. 12 x Spray 600 ml 245066 Bucket 10 l 212406 Bucket 30 l 212405 Rope inspections Re-lubricant service Re-Lubricant RL-S & RL-B Product Part.-No. 12 x Spray 600 ml 245066 Bucket 10 l 212406 Bucket 30 l 212405 Maintain manual your wire with the and Were-lubricant can large Detailed forropes the proper useproper of your wireoffer ropesre-lubricating withextend useful the tips to lifetime.the rope lifetime, in German, English, rope lengths a special reextend French,using Spanish, Italian, lubrication device. lifetime. Our service team Russian, Chinese Polish Save costs for newand ropes andlanguage rope changes by extended comes to you worldwide and saves Further languages on request you cost intensive trips with your Included in each Rope Service Starter Kit and the measurement equipment crane. cases 75/150 or available as PDF to download from: Save costs for new ropes and rope changes by extended lifetime on your existing ropes. www.pfeifer.de/en/wire-rope-technology/download Maintain wireofropes with the rope proper and extend the After the your delivery the optimum we support customers and Were-lubricant can offerour re-lubricating large lifetime. are happy to assist with all questions regarding the rope rope lengths usingapplication. a special rewe optimization rope winches and drives, check team ropes lubrication device. Our service Saveanalyse costs for new ropespotentials and rope at changes by extended lifetime. for damages and abrasion to extend thecomes lifetime ropeand change to and you reduce worldwide saves and down time costs. you cost intensive trips with your crane. We do this job on a daily basis worldwide. Save costs for new ropes and rope changes by extended lifetime on your existing ropes. Rope inspections Technical seminars Re-lubricant service Usingthe After discarded deliveryproducts of the optimum or disregarding rope we support ofour proper customers application and Webasics can offer re-lubricating largeby are use the happy of to wire assist ropes with canallcause questions enormous regarding thefor rope humans application. and material. ropedanger lengths using a special rewe analyse optimization potentials at rope winches and drives, check ropes lubrication device. Our service team Trained employees increase safety in your company, avoid accidents and for damages lifetime ropeand change to and you reduce worldwide saves reduce costs.and abrasion to extend thecomes and down time costs. you cost intensive trips with your In our established technical seminars, our competent and experienced crane. We do this job on a daily basis worldwide. instructors train your staff in latest standards and in all theoretical and Save costs for new ropes and rope practical issues. changes by extended lifetime on Interested in a seminar at your premisis? your existing ropes. We would be pleased to provide you with an individual offer. Rope inspections Technical seminars Using discarded or disregarding proper application After the deliveryproducts of the optimum rope we basics supportofour customers and by the of to wire ropes canallcause enormous danger humans and material. are use happy assist with questions regarding thefor rope application. We analyse optimization potentials at your rope company, winches and drives, checkand ropes Trained employees increase safety in avoid accidents for damages reduce costs.and abrasion to extend the lifetime and reduce rope change and down time costs. In our established technical seminars, our competent and experienced We do this train job on a daily worldwide. instructors your staffbasis in latest standards and in all theoretical and practical issues. Interested in a seminar at your premisis? We would be pleased to provide you with an individual offer. Technical seminars Using discarded products or disregarding basics of proper application by the use of wire ropes can cause enormous danger for humans and material. Trained employees increase safety in your company, avoid accidents and reduce costs. In our established technical seminars, our competent and experienced instructors train your staff in latest standards and in all theoretical and practical issues. Interested in a seminar at your premisis? We would be pleased to provide you with an individual offer. 34
Approved wire rope quality Approved wire rope quality PFEIFER analyses with extensive tests in the central Rope and Material Test Centre all properties of wire ropes and applied materials at the headquarters in Memmingen as well as at further machines at PFEIFER DRAKO in Mülheim/Ruhr. Also necessary tests can be done locally in our global subsidiaries. Test Facility for Determining Bending Fatigue Aware that not only the usual catalog values such as weight per meter and minimum breaking force decide on the performance of wire ropes, all properties of the ropes are determined at PFEIFER in extensive tests. Equipped with this knowledge, we will choose the right wire rope for your application and so we optimize the lifetime of your equipment. Spectral Analysis Multi Layer Spooling Test Tower Magnaflux Test Rope Efficiency Test Facility Further Offers: Test Facility for Lateral Pressure Resistance Coat Thickness Measuring Ultrasonic Torsion Test Facility Pull Test Facility 800 kn Tension Fatigue Test Facility Microscopic Analysis Elongation and Pull Test Facility Hardness Test Notch Impact Test Dye Penetrate Test Pull Test Facility 6000 kn 35
Correct handling of wire ropes Correct handling of wire ropes Spooling of wire ropes Correct:! Lay wire rope rings on clean ground. Please consider the preferred bending direction when rewinding the rope. Correct: Place reel on a suitable frame or spike, draw-off straight. Make absolutely sure that the rope is not fouled.! Wrong: Drawing-off the rope of a ring or over the flange of the reel as well as counterwise spooling cause twist for each winding in the rope. Loops may occur, which may result in bends under tension. 36
Storage and transport of wire ropes Correct:! Store wire ropes dry and cool. Avoid ground contact, so that humidity can not taper the rope. Take off air and water tight transport packing. Humidity causes oxidation. Correct: Protect the rope of crushes and kinks.!!detailed version of the PFEIFER Original operation manual www.pfeifer.de/en/ wire-rope-technology Wrong: Improper transportation of wire rope reels and rings will cause irreparable damage to wires, strands or the rope structure. Instructions for use PFEIFER Instruction When a rope is to be re-terminated with a wedge socket assembly this can only be achieved by shortening the rope. No part of any previous flattening and/or damaged rope should be on the standing part of the rope or within the clamping area between either side of the socket body and the wedge. With the use of wedge sockets the rope is introduced on the balanced side so that under load the center line of the rope is in-line with the bolt hole. The deadend is passed through the asymmetric side and is secured with a rope clip. The length of the dead-end should be 10 x the nominal rope diameter, at least 150 mm. The rope clip must be applied only to the loose, unloaded rope end, never on both strands. The maximum operating temperature for wedge sockets is 200 C / 400 F. 37
Installation of wire ropes Wire ropes can easily be damaged and must therefore be handled with utmost care during transport and unloading. Only the installation of an untwisted an undamaged rope will guarantee a trouble-free operation. Ropes must always be uncoiled from the reel or the ring in the direction of winding. Lateral uncoiling of the rope causes twisting and can lead to destruction by kink formation. It is recommended to use a frame-mounted reel for coiling the rope onto the drum. Coiling in the direction of bend gives an excellent fit on the drum and avoids that any additional tension is built-up in the rope. Never drag ropes over soil or dirt. For installing the new rope it has to be fixed to the still mounted old one or an auxiliary rope. Connection between the two ropes can be achieved either by a Chinese finger or two welded pad eyes connected with a swivel. Any transmission of torsion to the new rope from either the old one or the auxiliary rope must be definitively avoided. Nonrotating ropes must be protected from torsion by insertion of a swivel. Multi-layer operation requires that even the lower layers must be tightly coiled with a pretension of 1 2 % of the minimum breaking load of the rope. It is attained by braking the reel. The end termination of non-rotation resistant and rotation resistant ropes has to be fixed on both end terminations against rotation. It is not allowed to use non-rotation resistant or rotation resistant ropes with a turnable fixed point (e. g. swivel). If the lower layers on the drum are hardly or seldom used the pretension of the entire rope has to be renewed from time to time. to renew the pretension in the hoist ropes the complete rope has to be spooled off and wound up again with tension of approximately 2 % of the minimum breaking force or 10 % of the maximum line pull force in operation. Ropes work most efficient if is always used the entire rope length. If the rope areas are used unequal the rope can be turned after a certain time. In multi-layer spooling the life time of the rope can be significantly extended by cutting away the length of half the drum diameter from the rope at the fastening point of the drum. Through this procedure the predamaged rope areas are relocated from the climbing zones on the drum into the parallel zones. The shortening procedure can be carried out, at most, two times. Discarding time for wire ropes according to ISO 4309-2012 38 Single layer and parallel-closed ropes Number of visible wire breaks, reached or exceeded, occurring in single-layer and parallel-closed ropes, signalling discard of rope RCn total number of load-bearing wires in the outer layer of strands in the rope a n number of visible outer wire breaks b Sections of rope, running over steel sheaves and/or spooled on a single layer drum (random distribution of wire breaks) Classes M1 to M4 or calss unknown d Sections of wire rope spooled onto a multilayer drum c All Classes Ordinary lay Langs lay Ordinary and langs lay over a length of 6d e 30d e 6d e 30d e 6d e 30d e 01 n 50 2 4 1 2 4 8 02 51 n 75 3 6 2 3 6 12 03 76 n 100 4 8 2 4 8 16 04 101 n 120 5 10 2 5 10 20 05 121 n 140 6 11 3 6 12 22 06 141 n 160 6 13 3 6 12 26 07 161 n 180 7 14 4 7 14 28 08 181 n 200 8 16 4 8 16 32 09 201 n 220 9 18 4 9 18 36 10 221 n 240 10 19 5 10 20 38 11 241 n 260 10 21 5 10 20 42 12 261 n 280 11 22 6 11 22 44 13 281 n 300 12 24 6 12 24 48 n > 300 0,04 n 0,08 n 0,02 n 0,04 n 0,08 n 0,16 n NOTE Ropes having outer strands of Seale construction where the number of wires in each strand is 19 or less (e. g. 6 19 Seale) are placed in this table two rows above that row in which the construction would normally be placed based on the number of load bearing wires in the outer layer of strands. RCN = Rope category number a For the purpose of this International Standard, filler wires are not regarded as load-bearing wires and are not included in the values of n. b A broken wire has two ends (counted as one wire). c The values apply to deterioration that occurs at the cross-over zones and interference between wraps due to fleet angle effects (and not to those sections of rope which only work in sheaves and do not spool on the drum). d Twice the number of broken wires listed may be applied to ropes on mechanisms whose classification is known to be M5 to M8. e d = nominal rope diameter!detailed version of the PFEIFER Original operation manual www.pfeifer.de/en/ wire-rope-technology
Discard Warning: Considering security crane ropes should be taken off operation in time, if one of the following criterias apply: Broken strand Local concentration of wire breaks Achievement of type and number of wire breaks according to the tablets At least two wire breaks in strand valley or adjacent strands within one lay length (approx. 6 d) Corkscrew deformation of more than 1/10 of the rope diameter (g / d 0,1); d: nominal rope diameter, g: height of waviness Corkscrew (fig. 2) Hairpin like escape of wires (fig. 3) Decrease of diameter regarding the nominal rope diameter at uniform decrease of: 7,5 % at non-rotation resistant ropes with steel core 5,0 % at rotation resistant ropes Local increase of diameter of more than 5% compared with the diameter of the rest of the rope Heavy corrosion: The surface of the wires is strongly affected or rosty dust comes out of the rope Loose rope structere (fig. 4) Constriction (fig. 5) Kinks or flattened areas(fig. 6 + 8) Bends or other deformations (fig 7) bluish discoloration, broken or fused wires due to heat effects or electric arc If several of the above mentioned criterias apply, they need to be considered in their entirety. Therefore ropes need to discarded, if none of the criteria are completely but some partially fulfilled. For example: Light Corkscrew with some broken wires. The above criteria are an excerpt from the ISO 4309-2010 maintenance and care, inspection and storage. Consequently, these criteria do not replace the instructions andrequirements for inspection and maintenance of wire ropes as written in the standard. If in doubt on the estimation of the cable damage, the rope must be discarded or your rope specialist needs to be contacted: wirerope@pfeifer.de or via phone +49 (0) 83 31-937-301. Looping on a wire rope Through corrosion and wear heavy loose strand Constriction due to a broken rope core Flattened wire rope caused by over-ride 3 4 5 6 Corkscrew deformation Basket deformation Bend caused by a pinched rope sling Kind caused by mechanical impact 1 2 7 8 39