First Recorded Automobile Race PARIS to ROUEN, FRANCE July 22, 1894 79 miles
Early Days No attention paid to safety Post prize money and someone would risk his life for it
Deaths were numerous Second only to flying homemade aircraft as the leading cause of death in sports
1909 Carl Fisher, founder of Miami Beach, built the Indianapolis Motor Speedway First Indy 500 1911 -Killed one driver, his mechanic and nine spectators -80,000 people watched
Deaths from 1911 through 1960 were usually instantaneous from head injury and burns
During the 1960-1970 decade One out of seven drivers was killed each season
In 1974 drivers in Indy Car urged the development of a medical program
Indy Car Medical Program Drs.Henry Bock,Steve Olvey and Terry Trammell Started in 1975 Professor Sidney Watkins {London} started in Formula One in 1978
Statistical analysis of injuries started in 1985 Identify injury trends Analyze potential causative factors Correlate injury production/prevention with car design
CRASH TO INJURY RATIO Indy Car 9.7 Highway 11.4 Same chance of injury in Indy Car at 230 mph as passenger at 50 mph
1988 INTRODUCTION OF IMPACT TESTING OF NOSE CONE > 50% of injuries were to the feet and lower extremity FORWARD DEFORMABLE STRUCTURE
May 7, 1992
Frontal Impact has rarely, if ever, produced a fracture of the cervical spine
Rear Impact= Cervical Spine Fracture Mechanism - Flexion/extension (whiplash) injury aggravated by helmet (3 lbs). Skull base pulled away as the neck reaches full excursion
HANS development Indy Car implementation - 2002 Season F1 Implementation - 2003 Season NASCAR Implementation 2005 Season
95% of head injuries are mild head injuries
Mechanisms of diffuse brain injury -Deceleration -Rotation
Head needs controlled deceleration on impact Something must catch the head
FIA Institute Accident Analysis and Reconstruction Headrest and Helmet
FIA Institute The Solution A formalized approach to concussion Systematic neurocognitive testing Formalized Return-to-Competition criteria
FIA Institute F1 helmet development PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS Headrest compatibility 50% Impact attenuation 50% Crush protection* 50% Penetration 30% Rotation** 25% Shell hardness 50% Chinguard impact** 50% Reduced mass 20% * new dynamic crush test ** new test based on ECE Regulation 22-05
FIA Institute Youth Helmet Development AIMS DEVELOP NEW HELMET SPECIFIC TO NEEDS YOUNG DRIVERS MASS < 1kg GEOMETRY PERFORMANCE COST < $400 FIA PARTNERSHIP WITH SNELL (USA)
Car Construction Details Padded cockpit No sharp or protruding edges Roll bar Monocoque construction with crushable structures Driver position
Prevention and modification of energy transfer: the 1969 Sigma GP concept F1 car Built-in fire protection and extinguishers - F1 regulations starting 1969 Six-point restraint harness - F1 regulation 1972 Head and neck restraint system {HANS}regulation-- Indy Car 2002;F1 2003; NASCAR 2005 Driver s safety cell with surrounding collapsible structures - F1 regulations from 1981 Rear wheel over-ride protection Indy Cars as of 2012 - No F1 regulation as of 2014 Crash data recording system Indy cars 1990; FIA F1 cars 1997
FIA Institute WRC Seat Development IMPROVEMENTS BY SAFETY SEAT (Examples) Side Impact: Head acceleration - 68 % Neck tension - 89 %! Rear Impact: Head acceleration - 38 % Neck tension - 85 %! Significant improvement of Kinematic
DRIVER Good Physical Condition Upper body strength Neck strength Proper Equipment
COURSE Runoff areas Angle of impact Sand traps and fire barriers No leading edges or protrusions Homogenous surface
Prevention and modification of energy transfer: tracksides and barriers A slow evolution of measures to protect competitors and spectators, with contrasts between road and track events
EMS Rapid response vehicles properly equipped Trained Personnel Rapid evacuation to trauma center Pre arranged action plan
MISSION STATEMENT To safely respond to, and arrive at the scene of an accident, with-in 30 seconds of impact, with the ability to simultaneously secure an airway, extinguish fire, contain fluid spills and perform extrication with hydraulic tools as needed. Inspect wall/fence damage, check the stands for crash parts, injured spectators and begin track clean-up.
FIRST RESPONSE VEHICLES Manpower AND TEAMS - Cross-trained in Para medicine, Firefighting, and hydraulic rescue tool operation Specialized training in car construction, aiding in driver extrication techniques and race track maintenance
CHAMP CAR / INDY RACES INCIDENT RESPONSE Incident Safety/Rescue Truck A.L.S. Ambulance Additional Safety/ Rescue Trucks Additional A.L.S. Ambulances On site Race Medical Center Regional Trauma Center
F-1 / GP2 Races Incident Medical Car ALS Ambulance(s) Safety/ Rescue Vehicles Race Medical Centre Air Ambulance Regional Trauma Hospital
This image cannot currently be displayed. Worldwide motor sport fatalities Data source: www.motorsportmemorial.org
FIA Institute F1 Drivers Mortality Race Practice Testing Total (8) 1950-1958 4 2 2 8 (12) 1959-1970 6 5 1 12 (11) 1971-1982 6 3 2 11 (3) 1983-1994 1 1 1 3 (0) 1995-2013 0 0 0 0 Total 17 11 6 34
The FIA Institute For Motor Sport Safety
FIA Institute Mission SUPPORTING TRAINING OF OFFICIALS, CIRCUIT AND RACE PERSONNEL IN SAFETY PROCEDURES, PRACTICES AND THE USE OF EQUIPMENT Article 2, Section B Statutes FIA Institute
FIA Institute MEDICAL ADVISORY PANEL Geographically dispersed { UK,France,USA,Australia,Canada} Motorsport experience Academic background when possible Teaching / pedagogic experience when possible
Formula One Race Montreal, Canada June 10, 2007 Robert Kubica. BMW
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