ISS Qualifying Report. Fall Sports Steve Marshall, PhD Jill Corlette, MS ATC

ISS Qualifying Report Fall Sports 2004 09 Steve Marshall, PhD Jill Corlette, MS ATC

NCAA INJURY SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM FALL SPORTS QUALIFYING REPORT 2004-2009 ACADEMIC YEARS MEN S FOOTBALL MEN S SOCCER WOMEN S SOCCER WOMEN S FIELD HOCKEY WOMEN S VOLLEYBALL Citation: Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 2

Marshall SW, Corlette J. Fall Sports Qualifying Report: 2004-2009 Academic Years. Datalys Center for Sports Research and Prevention: Indianapolis, IN. December, 2009 Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 3

Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 4 2. Incidence 6 3. Men s Football 8 4. Men s Soccer 23 5. Women s Soccer 33 6. Women s Field Hockey 44 7. Women s Volleyball 54 8. Methodology & Technical Notes 8.1 ISS Overview & History 8.2 Composition of ISS Sample 8.3 Sample Weights & Adjustment for Under-reporting 8.4 Definition 8.5 Data Management 8.6 Data Cleaning - Exposures 8.7 Data Cleaning - 8.8 Statistical Analysis 65 9. Acknowledgements 76 Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 4

1. Executive Summary This document reports on the data for Fall sports collected during the period when the NCAA directly operated a web-based system - the 2004/05 to 2008/09 academic years. The sports covered by this report are: Men s Football, Men s Soccer, Women s Soccer, Women s Field Hockey, and Women s Volleyball (Spring football is not included in this report). The sport with the highest rate of completion injury was Football, followed by Men s and Women s Soccer. Football also accounted for the greatest absolute number of injuries. Concussion was the 4 th most frequent injury in Men s Soccer but the 2 nd most frequent injury in Women s Soccer. The mission of the NCAA Surveillance System is to collect accurate and reliable data on injury incidence in NCAA championship sports, and analyze, interpret, & disseminate these data to facilitate evidence-based decision-making. Throughout its entire history, the system has depended on a volunteer convenience sample of reporting schools. The composition of the sample has varied from year-to-year, as teams and schools move in and out of the reporting group. Additionally, due to time pressures and other considerations, some injuries go unreported to the system. In response, this report introduced two methodological innovations: post-stratification sample weights (to adjust for year-to-year variation in the composition of the reporting sample) adjustment for under-reporting See Chapter 8 for full details on these statistical procedures, which follow wellestablished statistical methods for large-scale surveillance systems. Note that statistics on Men s Water Polo could not be produced because there were so few schools reporting this sport during this period that a statistically valid report could not be generated. Statistics on Cross-country are also not included. There were sufficient schools reporting Cross-country data to generate a report, however, due to the individual (versus team) Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 5

nature of this sport, we have elected to clean those data in combination with other individual sports. Data on Cross-country will appear in a subsequent ISS Qualifying Report. All injury and exposure counts were weighted to represent national estimates during the 5-year period covered by the report. Note that these are NOT annual estimates they are cumulative estimates that cover the whole 5 years. In general, tables are ordered so that the most common injuries are listed first. When a table lists injuries by competition, practice, and both (overall), the overall ranking is used to determine the ordering of the rows. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 6

2. Incidence The sports covered by this report are: Men s Football, Men s Soccer, Women s Soccer, Women s Field Hockey, and Women s Volleyball. Figure 2.1 shows competition and practice injury rates for each of these sports. The sport with the highest rate of injury was Football, followed by Men s and Women s Soccer, Field Hockey, & Volleyball. Although football has a high injury rate in competition, the practice injury rates in football, men s and women s soccer, and field hockey are similar. Football also accounted for the greatest absolute number of injuries. There were as many football injuries as the other four sports combined. We estimate that there were over one-quarter of a million football injuries over the 5 academic years (not including Spring football). Figure 2.1 Rates by Sport (error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals) Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 7

Table 2.1 Rates by Sport, including -to- Rate Ratio Sport Event Reported (National Estimate) Athlete Exposures (National Estimate) Rate (per 1000 Athlete Exposures) 1 -to- Rate Ratio 1 Football 9,296 103,593 2,153,835 48.1 [43.9,52.3] 14,442 163,349 23,215,936 7.0 [6.4,7.6] 23,738 266,943 25,369,771 10.5 [9.7,11.4] 6.8 [5.8, 8.2] Men s Soccer 2,621 35,786 1,513,939 23.6 [21.0,26.3] 2,793 37,862 5,340,028 7.1 [6.4,7.8] 5,414 73,648 6,853,967 10.7 [9.8,11.7] 3.3 [2.7, 4.1] Women s Soccer 2,904 38,795 1,788,837 21.7 [20.1,23.2] 3,083 40,790 5,513,834 7.4 [6.8,8.0] 5,987 79,585 7,302,671 10.9 [10.1,11.7] 2.9 [2.5, 3.4] Women s Field Hockey 491 5,568 377,200 14.8 [12.1,17.4] 760 8,919 1,193,712 7.5 [5.9,9.0] 1,251 14,487 1,570,912 9.2 [7.8,10.6] 2.0 [1.3, 2.9] Women s Volleyball 777 12,045 1,395,151 8.6 [7.7,9.5] 1,976 30,086 3,959,110 7.6 [7.0,8.2] 2,753 42,131 5,354,260 7.9 [7.3,8.4] 1.1 [0.9, 1.4] 1 numbers in square brackets [] indicate 95% confidence intervals Table 2.1 presents injury rates including competition-to-practice rate ratio. This rate rtio indicates the increase in the injury rate due to participation in a competition, rather than a practice. Football had the highest competition-to-practice rate ratio, with a nearly 7-times greater rate of injury in competition relative to practice. Volleyball, at the other end of the spectrum, had essentially the same rate of injury in competitions and practices (rate ratio of 1.1). Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 8

3. Men s Football Table 3.1 Rates by Division - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 (National Estimate) Athlete Exposures (National Estimate) Rate (per 1000 Athlete- Exposures) 1 Division Event Type Reported All Divisions 9,296 103,593 2,153,835 48.1 [43.9,52.3] 14,442 163,349 23,215,936 7.0 [6.4,7.6] 23,738 266,943 25,369,771 10.5 [9.7,11.4] Division I 5,435 51,273 884,380 58.0 [50.6,65.4] 7,891 74,227 10,082,055 7.4 [6.3,8.4] 13,326 125,500 10,966,436 11.4 [10.0,12.9] Division II 1,122 20,248 507,853 39.9 [30.4,49.3] 1,746 32,008 5,571,522 5.7 [4.4,7.0] 2,868 52,256 6,079,376 8.6 [6.8,10.4] Division III 2,739 32,072 761,601 42.1 [37.4,46.8] 4,805 57,114 7,562,358 7.6 [6.9,8.3] 7,544 89,186 8,323,960 10.7 [9.6,11.8] 1 numbers in square brackets [] indicate 95% confidence intervals Table 3.1 presents injury rates by Division for Fall Football, 2004/05 to 2008/09. injury rates are higher in Division 1. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 9

Table 3.2 Type of - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 Type of Sprain - ligament 36,944 35.7% 6 40,182 24.6% 4 77,126 28.9% 5 Strain - muscle / tendon 13,082 12.6% 4 40,411 24.7% 4 53,492 20.0% 4 Contusion (hematoma) 20,854 20.1% 3 20,216 12.4% 1 41,070 15.4% 2 Concussion 6,821 6.6% 6 9,457 5.8% 6 16,277 6.1% 6 Subluxation 2,820 2.7% 5 6,045 3.7% 5 8,865 3.3% 5 Fracture / Avulsion 5,139 5.0% 14 5,355 3.3% 9 10,494 3.9% 12 Nerve injury 3,021 2.9% 4 3,537 2.2% 2 6,558 2.5% 3 Cartilage injury 2,859 2.8% 5 4,416 2.7% 7 7,275 2.7% 6 Miscellaneous 1,451 1.4% 4 4,606 2.8% 2 6,057 2.3% 3 Tendinosis 819 0.8% 3 4,259 2.6% 1 5,078 1.9% 1 Spasm / cramp 1,257 1.2% 2 3,351 2.1% 1 4,608 1.7% 1 Dislocation 2,339 2.3% 4 3,431 2.1% 2 5,771 2.2% 3 Other 6,187 6.0% 2 18,083 11.1% 2 24,270 9.1% 2 National estimate based on 23,738 reported injuries. 103,593 100.0% 163,349 100.0% 266,943 100.0% Table 3.2 presents injury type for Fall Football, 2004/05 to 2008/09. Soft-tissue injuries such as sprains and strains account for the majority of injuries, but hard-tissue injury (fracture) has the highest median days lost. Concussions accounted for approximately 6 injuries.

Table 3.3 Body Site of - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 Body Site of Knee 18,871 18.2% 5 24,012 14.7% 4 42,883 16.1% 5 Shoulder / clavicle 14,155 13.7% 5 20,778 12.7% 3 34,932 13.1% 4 Ankle 15,387 14.9% 7 18,264 11.2% 4 33,651 12.6% 5 Thigh 7,887 7.6% 4 19,859 12.2% 5 27,746 10.4% 4 Hand / finger 7,341 7.1% 1 10,877 6.7% 1 18,218 6.8% 1 Head / face 7,384 7.1% 6 10,290 6.3% 6 17,675 6.6% 6 Hip / groin 3,610 3.5% 4 12,249 7.5% 3 15,859 5.9% 3 Foot / toe 4,066 3.9% 4 7,938 4.9% 3 12,004 4.5% 3 Lower leg / achilles tendon 5,200 5.0% 4 6,274 3.8% 3 11,474 4.3% 3 Lower back / sacrum / pelvis 3,135 3.0% 4 7,025 4.3% 3 10,159 3.8% 3 Neck / cervical spine 4,209 4.1% 4 5,293 3.2% 2 9,502 3.6% 3 Environmental / Fluids 1,567 1.5% 0 4,897 3.0% 1 6,464 2.4% 1 Chest / upper back / ribs 3,316 3.2% 4 3,253 2.0% 2 6,569 2.5% 3 Elbow 2,513 2.4% 3 2,904 1.8% 1 5,418 2.0% 2 Wrist 1,823 1.8% 2 2,212 1.4% 1 4,035 1.5% 2 Other 3,130 3.0% 3 7,224 4.4% 2 10,354 3.9% 2 103,593 100.0% 163,349 100.0% 266,943 100.0% National estimate based on 23,738 reported injuries. Table 3.3 presents injury body site for Fall Football, 2004/05 to 2008/09. Upper and lower extremities account for the majority of injuries. Ankle injuries and head injuries (predominately concussions) had the highest median days lost. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 11

Table 3.4 Twelve Most Common Specific - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 Specific Lateral ankle ligament complex (ATF, CF, PTF) partial tear 8,677 8.4% 5 11,902 7.3% 4 20,579 7.7% 4 Concussion 6,821 6.6% 6 9,457 5.8% 6 16,277 6.1% 6 Hamstring partial tear 3,002 2.9% 5 12,267 7.5% 7 15,268 5.7% 7 Medial collateral ligament (MCL) partial tear 6,385 6.2% 7 5,413 3.3% 9 11,798 4.4% 8 Acromioclavicular (AC) sprain (partial - I or II) 5,162 5.0% 6 4,996 3.1% 5 10,158 3.8% 6 Quadriceps contusion 3,974 3.8% 3 2,844 1.7% 2 6,818 2.6% 3 Adductor (groin) partial tear 1,118 1.1% 5 5,557 3.4% 4 6,675 2.5% 4 Knee contusion 3,017 2.9% 3 3,296 2.0% 1 6,313 2.4% 2 Ant. tibiofibular syndesmosis (high ankle) partial sprain 3,475 3.4% 12 2,769 1.7% 11 6,244 2.3% 12 Brachial Plexus Syndrome (Stinger) 2,443 2.4% 4 2,640 1.6% 2 5,083 1.9% 3 Iliopsoas / Sartorius (partial tear) 692 0.7% 3 3,776 2.3% 3 4,468 1.7% 3 Lower leg contusion 2,211 2.1% 3 1,787 1.1% 2 3,997 1.5% 2 Other 56,617 54.7% 4 96,646 59.2% 2 153,263 57.4% 3 National estimate based on 23,738 reported injuries. 103,593 100.0% 163,349 100.0% 266,943 100.0% Table 3.4 shows specific injuries (body site by injury type) for Fall Football, 2004/05 to 2008/09. Over 40 injuries were due to the top 12 specific injuries. The top three specific injuries (lateral ankle ligament tears, concussions, and hamstring tears) accounted for nearly 20 all injuries.

Table 3.5 Time -- Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 Division Event Type Mean Standard Deviation Total All Divisions 103,593 8.9 18.5 4 823,898 163,349 7.6 15.6 3 1,099,670 266,943 8.1 16.8 4 1,923,568 Division I 51,273 8.0 18.0 4 373,359 74,227 7.1 16.7 2 479,179 125,500 7.4 17.2 3 852,538 Division II 20,248 10.3 22.8 5 191,019 32,008 8.2 18.5 3 235,572 52,256 9.0 20.3 4 426,591 Division III 32,072 9.4 15.9 5 259,520 57,114 7.9 11.6 4 384,920 89,186 8.4 13.3 5 644,440 National estimate based on 23,738 reported injuries. Table 3.5 presents data on time lost from the sport for Fall Football, 2004/05 to 2008/09. This table indicates that athletes in D1 return to the game more quickly than D2 and D3 athletes, however, this may be a methodologic artifact introduced by higher reporting of zero-time-lost injuries in D1.

Table 3.6 Event Details - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 Season Segment Pre-Season 587 0.6% 100,166 61.3% 100,753 37.7% In Season 100,370 96.9% 60,118 36.8% 160,487 60.1% Post-Season 2,636 2.5% 3,066 1.9% 5,703 2.1% 103,593 100.0% 163,349 100.0% 266,943 100.0% Activity General play 20,462 19.8% 50,771 31.1% 71,232 26.7% Running play (offense) 21,628 20.9% 24,244 14.9% 45,872 17.2% Running play (defense) 21,128 20.4% 19,794 12.1% 40,922 15.3% Passing play (offense) 15,492 15.0% 22,481 13.8% 37,973 14.2% Passing play (defense) 10,055 9.7% 13,846 8.5% 23,901 9.0% Blocking drill 213 0.2% 9,402 5.8% 9,616 3.6% Conditioning 119 0.1% 8,530 5.2% 8,649 3.2% Kick off coverage 4,821 4.7% 1,545 0.9% 6,366 2.4% Tackling drill 164 0.2% 5,315 3.3% 5,479 2.1% Kick off return 3,544 3.4% 1,089 0.7% 4,633 1.7% Punt Coverage 2,408 2.3% 1,356 0.8% 3,764 1.4% Other 850 0.8% 2,129 1.3% 2,979 1.1% Punt return 1,601 1.5% 710 0.4% 2,310 0.9% Kicking 373 0.4% 1,204 0.7% 1,578 0.6% PAT/FG attempt 468 0.5% 527 0.3% 996 0.4% PAT/FG defense 231 0.2% 208 0.1% 439 0.2% 103,558 100.0% 163,152 100.0% 266,709 100.0% Mechanism Acute non-contact 14,320 13.8% 47,169 28.9% 61,489 23.0% Tackling 21,262 20.5% 19,908 12.2% 41,170 15.4% Being tackled 20,434 19.7% 15,533 9.5% 35,966 13.5% Blocking 14,160 13.7% 21,413 13.1% 35,573 13.3% Being blocked 12,063 11.6% 12,324 7.5% 24,387 9.1% Contact with playing surface 8,417 8.1% 11,038 6.8% 19,455 7.3% Stepped on/fall on/kicked 8,109 7.8% 10,121 6.2% 18,230 6.8% Overuse/gradual onset 1,524 1.5% 10,615 6.5% 12,140 4.5% Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 14

Table 3.6 Event Details - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 (continues) Illness 1,922 1.9% 9,615 5.9% 11,537 4.3% Mechanism Contact with apparatus 604 0.6% 3,800 2.3% 4,404 1.7% (continued) Contact with out-of-bounds object 66 0.1% 126 0.1% 191 0.1% Other 683 0.7% 1,665 1.0% 2,348 0.9% 103,564 100.0% 163,326 100.0% 266,890 100.0% National estimate based on 23,738 reported injuries. Table 3.6 presents the distribution of injuries by season, activity, and injury mechanism for Fall Football, 2004/05 to 2008/09. Data is shown for competition and practice separately and also for competition and practice combined (overall). Tackling, Being tackled, Blocking, & Being blocked account for over 50 injuries. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 15

Table 3.7 Event Details for - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 Type Away 53,732 51.9% Home 49,861 48.1% 103,593 100% Game Time First Quarter 13,906 13.4% Second Quarter 25,018 24.2% Third Quarter 24,802 24.0% Fourth Quarter 20,554 19.9% Overtime 160 0.2% Warm-up 1,271 1.2% Other 368 0.4% Unknown 17,388 16.8% 103,468 100% Location Between the 20 yard lines 60,665 58.9% Red Zone (20 yard line to goal line) 13,763 13.4% End Zone 1,028 1.0% Unknown 26,308 25.6% Other 1,155 1.1% 102,920 100% Game Position Linebacker 14,008 13.7% RB/Slotback 11,613 11.3% Flanker/WR 11,504 11.2% Def Tackle/NG 8,954 8.7% Special Teams 8,059 7.9% Def End 7,899 7.7% Cornerback 7,835 7.7% Safety 7,563 7.4% Quarterback 5,964 5.8% Off Tackle 5,397 5.3% Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 16

Table 3.7 Event Details for - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 (continues) Off Guard 5,343 5.2% Game Position Off (tight) End 3,935 3.8% (continued) Center 2,621 2.6% Kicker/Punter 953 0.9% Long Snapper 406 0.4% Holder 57 0.1% Other 251 0.2% 102,362 100% National estimate based on 9,296 reported injuries. Table 3.7 presents the distribution of injuries by various game factors: home/away, location on field at time of injury, and position played, for Fall Football games, 2004/05 to 2008/09. This table is limited to injuries in competitions only. Second and third quarter are over-represented relative to first and fourth quarter. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 17

Table 3.8 Mechanism of for Game - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 Task Mechanism % General play Contact with playing surface 1,191 1.30% Contact with apparatus 48 0.05% Acute non-contact 3,786 4.12% Overuse/gradual onset 1,042 1.13% Illness 1,127 1.23% Tackling 4,246 4.62% Being tackled 1,881 2.05% Blocking 2,113 2.30% Being blocked 1,788 1.95% Stepped on/fall on/kicked 1,456 1.58% Other 231 0.25% 18,907 20.57% Passing play (defense) Contact with playing surface 775 0.84% Contact with apparatus 53 0.06% Acute non-contact 1,654 1.80% Overuse/gradual onset 41 0.04% Illness 125 0.14% Tackling 3,720 4.05% Being tackled 280 0.31% Blocking 163 0.18% Being blocked 1,386 1.51% Stepped on/fall on/kicked 720 0.78% Other 50 0.05% 8,967 9.76% Passing play (offense) Contact with playing surface 1,810 1.97% Contact with apparatus 202 0.22% Acute non-contact 1,361 1.48% Overuse/gradual onset 57 0.06% Illness 81 0.09% Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 18

Table 3.8 Mechanism of for Game - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 Task Mechanism % (continues) Tackling 352 0.38% Passing play (offense) Being tackled 6,725 7.32% (continued) Blocking 1,967 2.14% Being blocked 317 0.34% Stepped on/fall on/kicked 764 0.83% Other 59 0.06% Contact with out-of-bounds object 45 0.05% 13,740 14.95% Running play (defense) Contact with playing surface 1,295 1.41% Contact with apparatus 60 0.07% Acute non-contact 1,758 1.91% Overuse/gradual onset 86 0.09% Illness 39 0.04% Tackling 8,105 8.82% Being tackled 355 0.39% Blocking 605 0.66% Being blocked 4,948 5.38% Stepped on/fall on/kicked 1,682 1.83% Other 21 0.02% 18,955 20.62% Running play (offense) Contact with playing surface 1,347 1.47% Contact with apparatus 64 0.07% Acute non-contact 1,914 2.08% Overuse/gradual onset 84 0.09% Illness 85 0.09% Tackling 531 0.58% Being tackled 7,370 8.02% Blocking 5,785 6.30% Being blocked 276 0.30% Stepped on/fall on/kicked 1,672 1.82% Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 19

Table 3.8 Mechanism of for Game - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 Task Mechanism % (continues) Other 40 0.04% Running play (offense) Contact with out-of-bounds object 20 0.02% (continued) 19,188 20.88% Other Contact with playing surface 981 1.07% Contact with apparatus 81 0.09% Acute non-contact 1,931 2.10% Overuse/gradual onset 96 0.10% Illness 115 0.13% Tackling 2,326 2.53% Being tackled 1,768 1.92% Blocking 1,736 1.89% Being blocked 2,106 2.29% Stepped on/fall on/kicked 888 0.97% Other 118 0.13% 12,146 13.22% National estimate based on 8,246 reported injuries Table 3.8 presents the distribution of injuries for a cross-tabulation of activity by mechanism of injury, for Fall Football games, 2004/05 to 2008/09. This table is limited to injuries in competitions only. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 20

Table 3.9 Event Details for - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 Event Event Details Segment Team drills 96,954 61.2% Individual drills 28,931 18.3% Unknown 19,639 12.4% Conditioning 6,874 4.3% Post practice 2,753 1.7% Warm-up 2,071 1.3% Other 1,118 0.7% 158,338 100% Type Regular 145,328 91.8% Scrimmage 10,855 6.9% Walk-through 2,155 1.4% 158,338 100% National estimate based on 14,015 reported injuries Table 3.9 presents the distribution of injuries for event details, for Fall Football practices, 2004/05 to 2008/09. This table is limited to injuries in practices only. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 21

Table 3.10 Mechanism for Game Concussions - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 Task Mechanism % General play Contact with playing surface 23 0.37% Tackling 331 5.24% Being tackled 110 1.75% Blocking 101 1.60% Being blocked 130 2.05% Stepped on/fall on/kicked 33 0.51% Other 19 0.29% 747 11.82% Kick off coverage Contact with playing surface 15 0.23% Tackling 273 4.32% Being tackled 33 0.53% Blocking 109 1.72% Being blocked 460 7.27% 890 14.07% Passing play (offense) Contact with playing surface 58 0.92% Tackling 33 0.52% Being tackled 716 11.32% Blocking 136 2.15% Being blocked 52 0.83% Other 19 0.31% Contact with out-of-bounds object 10 0.16% 1,025 16.21% Running play (defense) Contact with playing surface 20 0.32% Tackling 765 12.10% Being tackled 28 0.44% Blocking 38 0.60% Being blocked 185 2.93% Stepped on/fall on/kicked 29 0.45% Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 22

Table 3.10 Mechanism for Game Concussions - Fall Football 2004/05 to 2008/09 Task Mechanism % (continues) 1,066 16.85% (continued) Running play (offense) Contact with playing surface 37 0.58% Tackling 62 0.98% Being tackled 615 9.72% Blocking 361 5.70% Being blocked 15 0.23% Stepped on/fall on/kicked 11 0.18% 1,100 17.39% Other Contact with playing surface 67 1.06% Tackling 489 7.73% Being tackled 353 5.59% Blocking 242 3.82% Being blocked 325 5.14% Stepped on/fall on/kicked 11 0.17% Other 10 0.15% 1,496 23.66% National estimate based on 572 reported injuries Table 3.10 is similar to Table 3.8, but it is limited to concussions only. It presents the distribution of injuries for a cross-tabulation of activity by mechanism of injury, for concussions in Fall Football games, 2004/05 to 2008/09. This table is limited to concussion injuries in competitions only. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 23

4. Men s Soccer Table 4.1 Rates by Division - Men's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 (National Estimate) Athlete Exposures (National Estimate) Rate (per 1000 Athlete- Exposures) 1 Division Event Type Reported All Divisions 2,621 35,786 1,513,939 23.6 [21.0,26.3] 2,793 37,862 5,340,028 7.1 [6.4,7.8] 5,414 73,648 6,853,967 10.7 [9.8,11.7] Division I 1,186 11,538 397,578 29.0 [24.8,33.2] 1,245 12,128 1,612,437 7.5 [6.5,8.5] 2,431 23,666 2,010,015 11.8 [10.3,13.3] Division II 362 8,845 365,934 24.2 [15.4,33.0] 336 8,356 1,271,889 6.6 [4.5,8.6] 698 17,201 1,637,822 10.5 [7.6,13.4] Division III 1,073 15,403 750,428 20.5 [18.4,22.7] 1,212 17,378 2,455,702 7.1 [6.1,8.1] 2,285 32,781 3,206,130 10.2 [9.2,11.3] 1 numbers in square brackets [] indicate 95% confidence intervals Table 4.1 presents injury rates by Division for Men s Soccer, 2004/05 to 2008/09. injury rates are higher in Division 1. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 24

Table 4.2 Type of - Men's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Type of Strain - muscle / tendon 7,018 19.6% 5 11,046 29.2% 4 18,064 24.5% 4 Sprain - ligament 9,563 26.7% 5 8,668 22.9% 5 18,231 24.8% 5 Contusion (hematoma) 9,096 25.4% 3 5,573 14.7% 2 14,669 19.9% 3 Concussion 2,232 6.2% 6 1,142 3.0% 3 3,374 4.6% 5 Miscellaneous 756 2.1% 2 1,356 3.6% 3 2,112 2.9% 3 Fracture / Avulsion 2,020 5.6% 9 942 2.5% 12 2,961 4.0% 9 Laceration 1,150 3.2% 2 635 1.7% 1 1,785 2.4% 1 Tendinosis 391 1.1% 3 1,230 3.2% 2 1,621 2.2% 2 Spasm / cramp 594 1.7% 2 826 2.2% 2 1,420 1.9% 2 Cartilage injury 531 1.5% 6 622 1.6% 6 1,153 1.6% 6 Overuse 73 0.2% 1 694 1.8% 2 768 1.0% 2 Subluxation 371 1.0% 4 312 0.8% 2 683 0.9% 4 Other 1,991 5.6% 5 4,816 12.7% 2 6,807 9.2% 2 35,786 100.0% 37,862 100.0% 73,648 100.0% National estimate based on 5,414 reported injuries. Table 4.2 presents injury type for Men s Soccer, 2004/05 to 2008/09. Soft-tissue injuries such as sprains and strains account for the majority of injuries, but hard-tissue injury (fracture) has the highest median days lost. Concussions accounted for 3 practice injuries but over 6% of competition injuries. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 25

Table 4.3 Body Site of - Men's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Body Site of Ankle 6,180 17.3% 4 6,878 18.2% 5 13,058 17.7% 4 Thigh 5,446 15.2% 5 6,360 16.8% 4 11,806 16.0% 4 Knee 4,826 13.5% 5 4,909 13.0% 3 9,735 13.2% 4 Hip / groin 2,881 8.1% 4 4,648 12.3% 3 7,529 10.2% 4 Lower leg / achilles tendon 3,604 10.1% 3 3,349 8.8% 3 6,953 9.4% 3 Foot / toe 2,797 7.8% 4 3,258 8.6% 3 6,056 8.2% 3 Head / face 3,421 9.6% 4 1,782 4.7% 3 5,203 7.1% 4 Shoulder / clavicle 1,561 4.4% 5 940 2.5% 4 2,501 3.4% 5 Lower back / sacrum / pelvis 943 2.6% 3 1,197 3.2% 2 2,140 2.9% 2 Hand / finger 830 2.3% 0 917 2.4% 1 1,747 2.4% 1 Chest / upper back / ribs 674 1.9% 4 460 1.2% 2 1,134 1.5% 3 Environmental / Fluids 92 0.3% 2 892 2.4% 1 984 1.3% 1 Nose 610 1.7% 5 202 0.5% 5 812 1.1% 5 Wrist 354 1.0% 3 353 0.9% 2 707 1.0% 2 Mouth 308 0.9% 0 162 0.4% 2 470 0.6% 1 Other 1,258 3.5% 3 1,553 4.1% 2 2,811 3.8% 2 35,786 100.0% 37,862 100.0% 73,648 100.0% National estimate based on 5,414 reported injuries. Table 4.3 presents injury body site for Men s Soccer, 2004/05 to 2008/09. Upper and lower extremities account for the majority of injuries. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 26

Table 4.4 Twelve Most Common Specific - Men's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Specific Lateral ankle ligament complex (ATF, CF, PTF) partial tear 3,956 11.1% 4 4,239 11.2% 5 8,195 11.1% 5 Hamstring partial tear 2,285 6.4% 8 2,788 7.4% 5 5,073 6.9% 6 Adductor (groin) partial tear 1,422 4.0% 5 2,327 6.1% 3 3,749 5.1% 4 Concussion 2,232 6.2% 6 1,142 3.0% 3 3,374 4.6% 5 Quadriceps partial tear 862 2.4% 7 2,163 5.7% 5 3,025 4.1% 5 Quadriceps contusion 1,834 5.1% 3 879 2.3% 3 2,712 3.7% 3 Lower leg contusion 1,840 5.1% 2 822 2.2% 2 2,662 3.6% 2 Foot / toe contusion 1,320 3.7% 4 1,047 2.8% 2 2,366 3.2% 3 Medial collateral ligament (MCL) partial tear 1,016 2.8% 8 1,080 2.9% 9 2,096 2.8% 8 Knee contusion 1,086 3.0% 2 737 1.9% 2 1,823 2.5% 2 Iliopsoas / Sartorius (partial tear) 621 1.7% 5 1,061 2.8% 4 1,682 2.3% 4 Ankle contusion 760 2.1% 3 741 2.0% 2 1,501 2.0% 3 Other 16,553 46.3% 4 18,836 49.7% 2 35,389 48.1% 3 National estimate based on 5,414 reported injuries. 35,786 100.0% 37,862 100.0% 73,648 100.0% Table 4.4 shows specific injuries (body site by injury type) for Men s Soccer, 2004/05 to 2008/09. Nearly one-half of injuries were due to the top 12 specific injuries. The top three specific injuries (lateral ankle ligament tears, adductor tears, and hamstring tears) all involved the lower extremity. Concussions were the fourth most common specific injury.

Table 4.5 Time -- Men's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Division Event Type Mean Standard Deviation Total All Divisions 35,786 8.2 18.6 4 262,251 37,862 7.4 14.6 3 251,664 73,648 7.8 16.6 4 513,916 Division I 11,538 9.1 23.5 4 95,439 12,128 8.7 18.5 3 96,348 23,666 8.9 21.1 3 191,786 Division II 8,845 6.8 12.3 3 53,385 8,356 7.0 14.0 3 54,535 17,201 6.9 13.2 3 107,920 Division III 15,403 8.3 17.2 5 113,427 17,378 6.6 11.2 3 100,782 32,781 7.4 14.4 4 214,209 National estimate based on 5,414 reported injuries. Table 4.5 presents data on time lost from the sport for Men s Soccer, 2004/05 to 2008/09. Cumulatively over the 5-year period, injuries resulted in one-half million days lost from the sport of collegiate men s soccer. Table 4.6 (next page) presents the distribution of injuries by season, activity, and injury mechanism for Fall Football, 2004/05 to 2008/09. Data is shown for competition and practice separately and also for competition and practice combined (overall). Direct contact between players, as mechanism of injury, accounted for twice as many injuries in games as in practices.

Table 4.6 Event Details - Men's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Season Pre-Season 1,954 5.5% 21,109 55.8% 23,063 31.3% In Season 31,788 88.8% 15,772 41.7% 47,561 64.6% Post-Season 2,043 5.7% 980 2.6% 3,024 4.1% 35,786 100.0% 37,862 100.0% 73,648 100.0% Activity General play 11,240 31.4% 16,490 43.7% 27,730 37.7% Defending 5,288 14.8% 3,018 8.0% 8,305 11.3% Ball handling / dribbling 3,843 10.7% 2,625 7.0% 6,468 8.8% Goaltending 1,920 5.4% 2,719 7.2% 4,639 6.3% Loose ball 2,614 7.3% 1,609 4.3% 4,224 5.7% Heading ball 2,927 8.2% 1,272 3.4% 4,199 5.7% Shooting (foot) 1,446 4.0% 2,440 6.5% 3,886 5.3% Passing (foot) 1,969 5.5% 1,558 4.1% 3,527 4.8% Conditioning 225 0.6% 3,257 8.6% 3,482 4.7% Receiving a slide tackle 1,370 3.8% 470 1.2% 1,841 2.5% Receiving Pass 931 2.6% 806 2.1% 1,737 2.4% Attempting a slide tackle 1,094 3.1% 518 1.4% 1,611 2.2% Blocking shot 708 2.0% 674 1.8% 1,381 1.9% Other 205 0.6% 277 0.7% 481 0.7% 35,780 100.0% 37,732 100.0% 73,512 100.0% Mechanism Direct player contact 15,049 42.1% 7,750 20.5% 22,799 31.0% Acute non-contact 8,459 23.6% 14,272 37.7% 22,731 30.9% Contact with playing surface 3,494 9.8% 3,177 8.4% 6,671 9.1% Overuse/gradual onset 1,331 3.7% 4,712 12.5% 6,044 8.2% Contact with apparatus 1,748 4.9% 2,861 7.6% 4,609 6.3% Illness 218 0.6% 1,861 4.9% 2,080 2.8% Indirect player contact 1,132 3.2% 571 1.5% 1,703 2.3% Unknown 301 0.8% 108 0.3% 409 0.6% Contact with out-of-bounds object 64 0.2% 205 0.5% 269 0.4% Contact with ball 12 0.0%.. 12 0.0% Other 3,964 11.1% 2,294 6.1% 6,258 8.5% 35,774 100.0% 37,812 100.0% 73,585 100.0% Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 29

National estimate based on 5,414 reported injuries. Table 4.7 Event Details for - Men's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Type Away 19,027 53.2% Home 16,759 46.8% 35,786 100% Game Time First half 12,361 34.8% Second half 16,818 47.3% Overtime 599 1.7% Overtime Penalty kicks 25 0.1% Warm-up 810 2.3% Unknown 4,787 13.5% Other 143 0.4% 35,542 100% Location Top of goal box extended to center line 8,501 24.1% Top of goal box extended to center line 7,877 22.3% Goal box (defense) 3,284 9.3% Goal box (offense) 2,156 6.1% Side of goal box (defense) 2,133 6.0% Side of goal box (offense) 1,637 4.6% Unknown 9,133 25.9% Other 587 1.7% 35,310 100% Game Position Midfield 12,892 36.7% Defense 10,376 29.5% Forward 9,511 27.1% Goalkeeper 2,309 6.6% Other 66 0.2% 35,155 100% National estimate based on 2,621 reported injuries. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 30

Table 4.8 Mechanism of for Game - Men's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Task Mechanism % Ball handling / dribbling Direct player contact 1,769 5.61% Acute non-contact 548 1.74% Other 411 1.30% Contact with playing surface 249 0.79% Indirect player contact 162 0.52% Contact with apparatus 71 0.22% Contact with out-of-bounds object 15 0.05% Overuse/gradual onset 13 0.04% Unknown 8 0.02% 3,245 Defending Illness 12 0.04% Direct player contact 2,522 8.01% Acute non-contact 820 2.60% Contact with playing surface 581 1.84% Other 418 1.33% Contact with apparatus 226 0.72% Indirect player contact 110 0.35% Overuse/gradual onset 48 0.15% Unknown 32 0.10% 4,769 General play Contact with out-of-bounds object 49 0.15% Acute non-contact 3,834 12.17% Direct player contact 3,049 9.68% Overuse/gradual onset 1,025 3.25% Contact with playing surface 761 2.42% Other 647 2.05% Indirect player contact 232 0.74% Contact with apparatus 199 0.63% Illness 172 0.55% Unknown 80 0.25% 10,047 Other Illness 13 0.04% (continues) Contact with ball 12 0.04% Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 31

Table 4.8 Mechanism of for Game - Men's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Task Mechanism % Other Direct player contact 6,205 19.69% (continued) Other 2,167 6.88% Acute non-contact 2,060 6.54% Contact with playing surface 1,329 4.22% Contact with apparatus 959 3.04% Indirect player contact 481 1.53% Unknown 134 0.43% Overuse/gradual onset 85 0.27% 13,446 National estimate based on 2,301 reported injuries Table 4.9 Event Details for - Men's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Event Event Details Segment Team drills 23,725 64.5% Unknown 6,081 16.5% Conditioning 3,016 8.2% Individual drills 2,155 5.9% Warm-up 1,162 3.2% Other 646 1.8% 36,785 100% Type Regular 33,817 91.9% Scrimmage 2,194 6.0% Walk-through 774 2.1% 36,785 100% National estimate based on 2,699 reported injuries. Table 3.10 (next page) presents is a cross-tabulation of activity by mechanism for concussions in men s soccer games. Nearly one-third of concussions in soccer games were due to direct player contact while heading the ball. Table 4.10 Mechanism for Game Concussions - Men's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 32

Task Mechanism % Defending Direct player contact 151 7.27% Contact with apparatus 60 2.90% Contact with playing surface 28 1.33% Other 25 1.19% 264 General play Direct player contact 193 9.26% Contact with playing surface 40 1.93% Contact with apparatus 25 1.21% Indirect player contact 15 0.73% Other 12 0.59% 285 Goaltending Direct player contact 125 6.01% Other 49 2.38% Contact with apparatus 18 0.84% 192 Heading ball Indirect player contact 15 0.73% Direct player contact 629 30.23% Other 99 4.76% Contact with playing surface 75 3.62% Contact with apparatus 69 3.32% Unknown 13 0.64% 900 Other Direct player contact 203 9.77% Other 92 4.44% Contact with apparatus 53 2.53% Contact with playing surface 51 2.45% Indirect player contact 31 1.48% Unknown 8 0.37% 438 National estimate based on 155 reported injuries Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 33

5. Women s Soccer Table 5.1 Rates by Division - Women's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 (National Estimate) Athlete Exposures (National Estimate) Rate (per 1000 Athlete- Exposures) 1 Division Event Type Reported All Divisions 2,904 38,795 1,788,837 21.7 [20.1,23.2] 3,083 40,790 5,513,834 7.4 [6.8,8.0] 5,987 79,585 7,302,671 10.9 [10.1,11.7] Division I 1,447 15,395 605,708 25.4 [22.6,28.2] 1,475 15,108 1,973,865 7.7 [6.8,8.5] 2,922 30,502 2,579,573 11.8 [10.6,13.0] Division II 340 8,831 439,298 20.1 [16.4,23.8] 374 9,726 1,481,217 6.6 [4.9,8.2] 714 18,557 1,920,515 9.7 [7.8,11.5] Division III 1,117 14,570 743,831 19.6 [17.6,21.5] 1,234 15,956 2,058,752 7.8 [6.8,8.7] 2,351 30,526 2,802,583 10.9 [9.9,11.9] 1 numbers in square brackets [] indicate 95% confidence intervals Table 3.1 presents injury rates by Division for Women s Soccer, 2004/05 to 2008/09. injury rates tended to be higher in Division 1. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 34

Table 5.2 Type of - Women's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Type of Sprain - ligament 12,010 31.0% 5 8,905 21.8% 5 20,916 26.3% 5 Strain - muscle / tendon 4,396 11.3% 4 11,629 28.5% 4 16,025 20.1% 4 Contusion (hematoma) 9,443 24.3% 2 3,855 9.5% 2 13,297 16.7% 2 Concussion 4,145 10.7% 6 1,606 3.9% 7 5,751 7.2% 6 Miscellaneous 1,017 2.6% 3 2,307 5.7% 2 3,323 4.2% 3 Tendinosis 290 0.7% 2 1,973 4.8% 1 2,263 2.8% 1 Fracture / Avulsion 1,785 4.6% 9 757 1.9% 14 2,542 3.2% 10 Cartilage injury 1,233 3.2% 6 1,204 3.0% 4 2,438 3.1% 5 Spasm / cramp 523 1.3% 2 1,139 2.8% 2 1,662 2.1% 2 Inflammation (general) 147 0.4% 3 839 2.1% 3 986 1.2% 3 Overuse 128 0.3% 9 789 1.9% 1 917 1.2% 2 Subluxation 612 1.6% 4 431 1.1% 4 1,043 1.3% 4 Other 3,066 7.9% 4 5,355 13.1% 2 8,422 10.6% 3 38,795 100.0% 40,790 100.0% 79,585 100.0% National estimate based on 5,987 reported injuries. Table 5.2 presents injury type for Women s Soccer, 2004/05 to 2008/09. In Table 5.1, we estimated approximately 3,000 concussions in Men s Soccer over the 5-year period. Women s Soccer accumulated nearly twice as many (nearly 6,000). Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 35

Table 5.3 Body Site of - Women's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Body Site of Ankle 7,416 19.1% 5 6,396 15.7% 4 13,812 17.4% 4 Knee 8,441 21.8% 5 7,062 17.3% 4 15,504 19.5% 5 Thigh 3,708 9.6% 4 7,413 18.2% 4 11,121 14.0% 4 Lower leg / achilles tendon 3,201 8.3% 2 4,147 10.2% 2 7,348 9.2% 2 Head / face 5,188 13.4% 5 1,973 4.8% 5 7,161 9.0% 5 Hip / groin 1,671 4.3% 4 3,867 9.5% 4 5,538 7.0% 4 Foot / toe 2,175 5.6% 3 3,083 7.6% 3 5,258 6.6% 3 Lower back / sacrum / pelvis 986 2.5% 3 1,632 4.0% 1 2,618 3.3% 2 Shoulder / clavicle 1,239 3.2% 2 777 1.9% 2 2,016 2.5% 2 Hand / finger 852 2.2% 0 837 2.1% 1 1,688 2.1% 1 Chest / upper back / ribs 792 2.0% 3 612 1.5% 2 1,404 1.8% 2 Environmental / Fluids 312 0.8% 2 621 1.5% 1 933 1.2% 2 Neck / cervical spine 539 1.4% 3 175 0.4% 4 714 0.9% 3 Nose 395 1.0% 2 220 0.5% 1 615 0.8% 1 Elbow 392 1.0% 2 176 0.4% 10 569 0.7% 2 Other 1,488 3.8% 3 1,798 4.4% 2 3,286 4.1% 2 38,795 100.0% 40,790 100.0% 79,585 100.0% National estimate based on 5,987 reported injuries. Table 5.3 presents injury body site for Women s Soccer, 2004/05 to 2008/09. As with Men s Soccer, the lower extremity accounts for the majority of injuries. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 36

Table 5.4 Twelve Most Common Specific - Women's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Specific Lateral ankle ligament complex (ATF, CF, PTF) partial tear 4,533 11.7% 5 4,431 10.9% 4 8,964 11.3% 4 Concussion 4,145 10.7% 6 1,606 3.9% 7 5,751 7.2% 6 Quadriceps partial tear 929 2.4% 5 4,110 10.1% 5 5,039 6.3% 5 Hamstring partial tear 1,111 2.9% 5 2,141 5.2% 4 3,253 4.1% 5 Lower leg contusion 1,989 5.1% 2 746 1.8% 1 2,736 3.4% 2 Adductor (groin) partial tear 517 1.3% 4 1,815 4.4% 4 2,332 2.9% 4 Medial collateral ligament (MCL) partial tear 1,777 4.6% 8 867 2.1% 8 2,644 3.3% 8 Knee contusion 1,317 3.4% 3 557 1.4% 2 1,874 2.4% 2 Quadriceps contusion 1,403 3.6% 2 238 0.6% 2 1,641 2.1% 2 Foot / toe contusion 872 2.2% 2 712 1.7% 2 1,584 2.0% 2 Iliopsoas / Sartorius (partial tear) 351 0.9% 4 1,114 2.7% 5 1,465 1.8% 4 Ant. tibiofibular syndesmosis (high ankle) partial sprain 873 2.2% 9 477 1.2% 8 1,349 1.7% 8 Other 18,979 48.9% 3 21,976 53.9% 2 40,955 51.5% 3 National estimate based on 5,987 reported injuries. 38,795 100.0% 40,790 100.0% 79,585 100.0% Table 5.4 shows specific injuries (body site by injury type) for Women s Soccer, 2004/05 to 2008/09. Nearly 50 injuries were due to the top 12 specific injuries. Concussions were the 4 th most frequent injury in Men s Soccer, but the 2 nd most frequent injury in Women s Soccer.

Table 5.5 Time -- Women's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Division Event Type Mean Standard Deviation Total All Divisions 38,795 18.2 498.6 4 612,135 40,790 8.6 20.9 3 316,276 79,585 13.2 345.2 4 928,411 Division I 15,395 10.5 30.6 4 144,435 15,108 10.0 27.2 3 135,875 30,502 10.2 29.0 3 280,310 Division II 8,831 7.9 12.5 4 61,614 9,726 6.9 11.1 3 59,712 18,557 7.4 11.8 4 121,326 Division III 14,570 33.5 830.3 4 406,086 15,956 8.3 18.3 3 120,688 30,526 19.8 560.5 4 526,774 National estimate based on 5,987 reported injuries. Table 5.5 presents data on time lost from the sport for Women s Soccer, 2004/05 to 2008/09. The total number of days lost was higher in Women s Soccer than in Men s Soccer. This partly reflects the fact that more member-institutions that sponsor Women s Soccer (n=926) than Men s Soccer (n=751). However, it also reflects a higher mean days lost in Women s Soccer (13.2) than in Men s Soccer (7.8).

Table 5.6 Event Details - Women's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Event Details Season Pre-Season 1,802 4.6% 25,198 61.8% 27,000 33.9% In Season 35,204 90.7% 14,787 36.3% 49,991 62.8% Post-Season 1,790 4.6% 804 2.0% 2,594 3.3% 38,795 100.0% 40,790 100.0% 79,585 100.0% Activity General play 12,144 31.3% 16,667 40.9% 28,811 36.2% Defending 6,746 17.4% 2,408 5.9% 9,154 11.5% Ball handling / dribbling 3,994 10.3% 2,914 7.2% 6,908 8.7% Goaltending 2,593 6.7% 3,262 8.0% 5,855 7.4% Conditioning 155 0.4% 5,620 13.8% 5,776 7.3% Heading ball 3,396 8.8% 1,071 2.6% 4,467 5.6% Shooting (foot) 1,362 3.5% 2,655 6.5% 4,018 5.1% Loose ball 2,990 7.7% 996 2.4% 3,985 5.0% Passing (foot) 1,595 4.1% 1,633 4.0% 3,228 4.1% Receiving Pass 920 2.4% 1,006 2.5% 1,926 2.4% Blocking shot 729 1.9% 719 1.8% 1,448 1.8% Attempting a slide tackle 988 2.5% 388 1.0% 1,377 1.7% Receiving a slide tackle 1,012 2.6% 343 0.8% 1,355 1.7% Other 138 0.4% 1,043 2.6% 1,180 1.5% 38,762 100.0% 40,725 100.0% 79,487 100.0% Mechanism Acute non-contact 6,635 17.1% 14,871 36.5% 21,505 27.0% Direct player contact 15,608 40.3% 5,342 13.1% 20,950 26.3% Contact with playing surface 6,441 16.6% 4,559 11.2% 11,000 13.8% Overuse/gradual onset 1,506 3.9% 7,075 17.3% 8,581 10.8% Contact with apparatus 2,802 7.2% 4,455 10.9% 7,256 9.1% Illness 451 1.2% 1,829 4.5% 2,280 2.9% Indirect player contact 1,341 3.5% 496 1.2% 1,837 2.3% Unknown 235 0.6% 237 0.6% 472 0.6% Contact with out-of-bounds object 9 0.0%.. 9 0.0% Other 3,745 9.7% 1,928 4.7% 5,673 7.1% 38,772 100.0% 40,790 100.0% 79,562 100.0% National estimate based on 5,987 reported injuries. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 39

Table 5.7 Event Details for - Women's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Event Event Details Type Away 20,509 52.9% Home 18,286 47.1% 38,795 100% Game Time First half 13,509 34.9% Second half 19,021 49.1% Overtime 739 1.9% Overtime Penalty kicks 26 0.1% Warm-up 1,212 3.1% Unknown 4,047 10.4% Other 203 0.5% 38,757 100% Location Top of goal box extended to center line 9,938 26.0% Top of goal box extended to center line 8,268 21.6% Goal box (defense) 3,566 9.3% Side of goal box (defense) 2,515 6.6% Goal box (offense) 2,351 6.1% Side of goal box (offense) 1,952 5.1% Unknown 8,570 22.4% Other 1,106 2.9% 38,266 100% Game Position Midfield 12,634 33.4% Defense 11,522 30.4% Forward 10,724 28.3% Goalkeeper 2,842 7.5% Other 128 0.3% 37,850 100% National estimate based on 2,904 reported injuries. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 40

Table 5.8 Mechanism of for Game - Women's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Task Mechanism % Ball handling / dribbling Direct player contact 1,417 4.32% Contact with playing surface 591 1.80% Other 377 1.15% Acute non-contact 354 1.08% Contact with apparatus 139 0.42% Indirect player contact 110 0.33% Overuse/gradual onset 68 0.21% Unknown 36 0.11% Illness 11 0.03% 3,104 Defending Direct player contact 2,696 8.21% Contact with playing surface 1,150 3.50% Other 715 2.18% Acute non-contact 533 1.62% Contact with apparatus 388 1.18% Indirect player contact 214 0.65% Overuse/gradual onset 83 0.25% 5,779 General play Contact with out-of-bounds object 9 0.03% Direct player contact 3,253 9.91% Acute non-contact 3,151 9.60% Contact with playing surface 1,589 4.84% Overuse/gradual onset 1,131 3.45% Other 506 1.54% Illness 399 1.22% Indirect player contact 361 1.10% Contact with apparatus 284 0.87% Unknown 100 0.30% 10,781 (continues) Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 41

Table 5.8 Mechanism of for Game - Women's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Task Mechanism % Heading ball Direct player contact 1,889 5.76% (continued) Contact with playing surface 374 1.14% Other 350 1.07% Contact with apparatus 314 0.96% Acute non-contact 75 0.23% Indirect player contact 72 0.22% Unknown 26 0.08% 3,100 Other Unknown 36 0.11% Other 1,147 3.50% Indirect player contact 400 1.22% Direct player contact 4,392 13.38% Contact with playing surface 1,702 5.19% Contact with apparatus 1,188 3.62% Acute non-contact 1,090 3.32% Overuse/gradual onset 106 0.32% 10,061 National estimate based on 2,466 reported injuries Table 5.8 presents the distribution of injuries for a cross-tabulation of activity by mechanism of injury, for Women s Soccer games, 2004/05 to 2008/09. This table is limited to injuries in competitions only. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 42

Table 5.9 Event Details for - Women's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Event Event Details Segment Team drills 17,943 44.8% Running 3,972 9.9% Unknown 7,315 18.3% Conditioning 5,170 12.9% Individual drills 3,190 8.0% Other 1,405 3.5% Warm-up 1,057 2.6% 40,051 100% Type Regular 36,472 91.1% Scrimmage 2,602 6.5% Walk-through 977 2.4% 40,051 100% National estimate based on 3,030 reported injuries. Table 5.9 presents the distribution of injuries for event details, for Women s Soccer practices, 2004/05 to 2008/09. This table is limited to injuries in practices only. Table 5.10 (next page) presents the cross-tabulation of activity by mechanism of injury, for concussions in Women s Soccer, 2004/05 to 2008/09. As with Men s Soccer, a large proportion of concussions relate to player contact while attempting to head the ball. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 43

Table 5.10 Mechanism for Game Concussions - Women's Soccer 2004/05 to 2008/09 Task Mechanism % Defending Direct player contact 294 7.86% Contact with playing surface 122 3.26% Contact with apparatus 98 2.63% Other 83 2.22% Indirect player contact 31 0.82% 629 General play Direct player contact 261 6.95% Contact with apparatus 153 4.10% Contact with playing surface 67 1.80% Other 49 1.30% Indirect player contact 15 0.39% Illness 9 0.23% 553 Goaltending Direct player contact 233 6.22% Contact with apparatus 59 1.56% Other 39 1.03% Contact with playing surface 33 0.89% Indirect player contact 28 0.74% 391 Heading ball Other 233 6.22% Direct player contact 964 25.72% Contact with apparatus 225 6.01% Contact with playing surface 48 1.27% Indirect player contact 10 0.28% 1,480 Other Direct player contact 256 6.84% Contact with playing surface 182 4.86% Contact with apparatus 117 3.11% Other 85 2.26% Indirect player contact 53 1.43% Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 44

Task National estimate based on 262 reported injuries Mechanism 693 % 6. Women s Field Hockey Table 6.1 Rates by Division - Women's Field Hockey 2004/05 to 2008/09 Division Event Type Reported (National Estimate) Athlete Exposures (National Estimate) Rate (per 1000 Athlete- Exposures) 1 All Divisions 491 5,568 377,200 14.8 [12.1,17.4] 760 8,919 1,193,712 7.5 [5.9,9.0] 1,251 14,487 1,570,912 9.2 [7.8,10.6] Division I 255 2,063 139,632 14.8 [11.1,18.4] 334 2,740 464,654 5.9 [4.6,7.2] 589 4,803 604,285 7.9 [6.5,9.4] Division II -- no data -- -- no data -- -- no data -- Division III 236 3,506 237,568 14.8 [11.1,18.4] 426 6,178 729,058 8.5 [6.1,10.9] 662 9,684 966,627 10.0 [8.0,12.1] 1 numbers in square brackets [] indicate 95% confidence intervals Table 6.1 presents injury rates by Division for Field Hockey, 2004/05 to 2008/09. No data was collected in Division 2. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 45

Table 6.2 Type of - Women's Field Hockey 2004/05 to 2008/09 Type of Contusion (hematoma) 1,837 33.0% 1 1,271 14.3% 1 3,109 21.5% 1 Strain - muscle / tendon 565 10.2% 3 2,461 27.6% 4 3,027 20.9% 4 Sprain - ligament 656 11.8% 5 1,064 11.9% 2 1,721 11.9% 3 Miscellaneous 195 3.5% 3 613 6.9% 1 808 5.6% 2 Fracture / Avulsion 606 10.9% 4 277 3.1% 6 883 6.1% 5 Tendinosis 106 1.9% 2 528 5.9% 2 634 4.4% 2 Concussion 484 8.7% 4 201 2.3% 4 685 4.7% 4 Laceration 398 7.2% 1 218 2.4% 1 616 4.3% 1 Spasm / cramp 101 1.8% 0 309 3.5% 1 411 2.8% 0 Inflammation (general) 58 1.0% 2 294 3.3% 10 353 2.4% 9 Overuse 18 0.3% 4 257 2.9% 1 275 1.9% 2 Cartilage injury 103 1.9% 19 194 2.2% 5 297 2.1% 15 Other 440 7.9% 4 1,230 13.8% 3 1,669 11.5% 3 5,568 100.0% 8,919 100.0% 14,487 100.0% National estimate based on 1,251 reported injuries. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 46

Table 6.3 Body Site of - Women's Field Hockey 2004/05 to 2008/09 Body Site of Thigh 419 7.5% 3 1,516 17.0% 4 1,935 13.4% 4 Knee 778 14.0% 3 1,407 15.8% 4 2,185 15.1% 3 Head / face 1,102 19.8% 3 571 6.4% 1 1,673 11.5% 2 Hand / finger 860 15.5% 3 442 5.0% 1 1,302 9.0% 2 Ankle 494 8.9% 3 831 9.3% 2 1,325 9.1% 3 Lower leg / achilles tendon 358 6.4% 2 893 10.0% 2 1,251 8.6% 2 Hip / groin 123 2.2% 11 802 9.0% 7 925 6.4% 7 Foot / toe 222 4.0% 3 601 6.7% 1 823 5.7% 2 Lower back / sacrum / pelvis 147 2.6% 0 589 6.6% 2 737 5.1% 2 Shoulder / clavicle 204 3.7% 3 162 1.8% 1 365 2.5% 2 Wrist 89 1.6% 0 141 1.6% 1 229 1.6% 1 Respiratory 71 1.3% 4 145 1.6% 1 216 1.5% 2 Nose 141 2.5% 7 74 0.8% 3 215 1.5% 5 Chest / upper back / ribs 101 1.8% 4 102 1.1% 0 202 1.4% 2 Mouth 99 1.8% 2 80 0.9% 2 179 1.2% 2 Other 360 6.5% 2 563 6.3% 1 923 6.4% 1 5,568 100.0% 8,919 100.0% 14,487 100.0% National estimate based on 1,251 reported injuries. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 47

Table 6.4 Twelve Most Common Specific - Women's Field Hockey 2004/05 to 2008/09 Specific Quadriceps partial tear 129 2.3% 3 765 8.6% 4 893 6.2% 3 Lateral ankle ligament complex (ATF, CF, PTF) partial tear 268 4.8% 5 560 6.3% 2 827 5.7% 3 Hamstring partial tear 142 2.6% 5 531 6.0% 5 673 4.6% 5 Concussion 484 8.7% 4 201 2.3% 4 685 4.7% 4 Hand / finger contusion 339 6.1% 1 239 2.7% 1 579 4.0% 1 Facial contusion 281 5.0% 2 192 2.2% 0 473 3.3% 0 Knee contusion 283 5.1% 2 164 1.8% 1 447 3.1% 2 Facial laceration 243 4.4% 0 140 1.6% 1 382 2.6% 0 Iliotibial (IT) band friction syndrome 52 0.9% 2 294 3.3% 10 347 2.4% 9 Adductor (groin) partial tear 40 0.7% 11 281 3.2% 5 321 2.2% 5 Foot / toe contusion 107 1.9% 2 184 2.1% 1 291 2.0% 1 Phalangeal fracture (finger) 208 3.7% 4 63 0.7% 3 271 1.9% 3 Other 2,993 53.7% 3 5,305 59.5% 2 8,297 57.3% 2 National estimate based on 1,251 reported injuries. 5,568 100.0% 8,919 100.0% 14,487 100.0%

Table 6.5 Time -- Women's Field Hockey 2004/05 to 2008/09 Division Event Type Mean Standard Deviation Total All Divisions 5,568 5.5 12.5 3 27,550 8,919 6.3 12.3 2 52,782 14,487 6.0 12.4 3 80,332 Division I 2,063 6.0 17.0 3 11,356 2,740 8.1 15.7 3 19,935 4,803 7.2 16.3 3 31,291 Division II --- no data --- Division III 3,506 5.2 8.8 3 16,194 6,178 5.6 10.5 2 32,848 9,684 5.5 9.9 2 49,042 National estimate based on 1,256 reported injuries.

Table 6.6 Event Details - Women's Field Hockey 2004/05 to 2008/09 Season Pre-Season 181 3.2% 5,178 58.1% 5,359 37.0% In Season 4,935 88.6% 3,512 39.4% 8,448 58.3% Post-Season 452 8.1% 228 2.6% 681 4.7% 5,568 100.0% 8,919 100.0% 14,487 100.0% Activity General play 2,385 43.0% 3,912 44.1% 6,297 43.7% Conditioning 48 0.9% 1,888 21.3% 1,936 13.4% Defending 1,374 24.7% 552 6.2% 1,926 13.4% Goaltending 268 4.8% 841 9.5% 1,109 7.7% Ball handling / dribbling 310 5.6% 429 4.8% 739 5.1% Shooting 202 3.6% 362 4.1% 564 3.9% Blocking shot 282 5.1% 74 0.8% 355 2.5% Other 66 1.2% 289 3.3% 355 2.5% Loose ball 168 3.0% 146 1.6% 313 2.2% Tackling 234 4.2% 75 0.8% 309 2.1% Receiving Pass 143 2.6% 151 1.7% 294 2.0% Passing 72 1.3% 149 1.7% 221 1.5% 5,551 100.0% 8,868 100.0% 14,420 100.0% Mechanism Acute non-contact 1,320 23.7% 3,900 43.8% 5,220 36.1% Contact with apparatus 2,867 51.5% 1,955 22.0% 4,823 33.3% Overuse/gradual onset 196 3.5% 1,895 21.3% 2,092 14.5% Direct player contact 529 9.5% 194 2.2% 722 5.0% Illness 147 2.6% 448 5.0% 595 4.1% Contact with playing surface 232 4.2% 240 2.7% 472 3.3% Unknown 74 1.3% 9 0.1% 83 0.6% Indirect player contact 32 0.6% 32 0.4% 64 0.4% Other 172 3.1% 223 2.5% 395 2.7% 5,568 100.0% 8,896 100.0% 14,465 100.0% National estimate based on 1,251 reported injuries. Authored by the Datalys Center. All Rights Reserved 2009 Page 50