Matn Al Ashmaawiyyah: An English Translation

Matn Al Ashmaawiyyah: An English Translation (Purification, prayer and fasting according to the maliki school) Written by imam Abdul Baghyy al-ashmawyy

Summary 1. The Chapter About ال و ض وء ن و اق ض (the Things That Nullify Wuḍuu [Minor Ablution]) 2. The Chapter About ال م ي اه أ ق س ام (the Kinds of Water) That Can Be Used To Perform Wuḍuu 3. The Chapter Concerning ال و ض وء ف ر اي ض (The Obligatory Actions of Wuḍuu ), (the Meritorious ف ض اي ل ه (It s Actions Derived From Prophet Muhammad]) and س ن ن ه Acts of Wuḍuu ) 4. The Chapter Concerning ال غ س ل ف ر اي ض (The Obligatory Actions of Ghusl [Major ف ض اي ل ه (It s Actions Derived From The Prophet Muhammad) and س ن ن ه Ablution]), (It s Meritorious Actions) 5. The Chapter About الت ي م م (Dry Ablution) 6. The Chapter About الص لا ة الش ر وط (The Conditions of Prayer) 7. The Chapter About الص لا ة ف ر اي ض (The Obligatory Actions of س ن ن ه ا,( Prayer (It s Actions Derived From The Prophet Muhammad), ف ض اي ل ه ا (It s Meritorious Actions) and م ك ر وه ات ه ا (It s Actions Which are Disliked) 8. The Chapter About الص لا ة م ن د وب ات (The Things Recommended) in the Prayer 9. The Chapter About الس ه و س ج ود (The Prostration For Absent-Mindedness) 10. The Chapter About الص لا ة م ف س د ات (The Things That Nullify Prayer) 11. The Chapter About الا م ام ة ف ي (The Imāmate) from Matn al Ashmaawiyyah 12. The Chapter About ال ج م ع ة ص لا ة (The Friday Prayer) 13. The Chapter Concerning ال ج ن از ة ة ص لا [The Prayer for the Deceased 14. The Chapter About الس ي ام (Fasting) May Allah reward the author and the translator 2

The Chapter About ال و ض وء ن و اق ض (the Things That Nullify Wuḍuu [Minor Ablution]) The Chapter About ال و ض وء ن و اق ض (the Things That Nullify Wuḍuu [Minor أ ن,( success (May Allah, Exalted is He grant you الل ه و ف ق ك (Know) اع ل م Ablution]) types): (are of two م ي ن ق س ع ل ى wuḍuu ) (that the things which nullify ال و ض وء ن و اق ض أ ح د اث ف ا م ا.( impurities (that which causes أح د اث و أ س باب (impurities) and أ ح د اث (As for impurities), ف خ م س ة (they are five kinds): ال ق ب ل م ن ث لا ثة (three are from the front of the body) و ه ي (and they are): ال م ذ ي (prostatic fluid), و ال و دي (a thick white fluid which flows out immediately after urine) و ال ب و ل (and urine); و اث ن ان (and two are) gas) (and و الر يح (faeces) الغ اي ط are): (and they و ه م ا body) (from the rear of the الد ب ر م ن الا ح د اث أ سباب و أ م ا. (As for the causes of impurity), ف الن وم (it is sleep), أ ق س ام أ ر ب عة ع ل ى و ه و (which is of four kinds): ث ق يل ط و يل (long heavy sleep) which ال و ض وء ي ن ق ض (nullifies wuḍuu ), خ ف يف ق ص ير also, (nullifies wuḍuu ) ال و ض وء ي ن ق ض (short heavy sleep) which ث ق يل ق ص ير خ ف يف ط و يل (does not nullify wuḍuu ), and ال و ض وء ي ن ق ض ل ا (short light sleep) which الا سب اب و م ن recommended). (wuḍuu is ال و ض وء م ن ه ي س ت ح ب (long light sleep) for which ال ع ق ل ز و ال are: (which nullify wuduu ) ت ن ق ض impurity) (Among the other causes of (the loss of one s senses) ب ال ج ن ون (through insanity), و الا غ م اء (unconsciousness), (by apostasy ب الر د ة nullified) (Wuḍuu is also ال و ض وء و ي ن ق ض (drunkenness). و الس ك ر from Islam) and ال ح د ث ف ي و ش ك (doubt as to whether or not one is in a state of impurity); and by الذ آ ر و ب م س (continuously touching the penis) ال ك ف ب ب اط ن (with the inside of the palm) or الا ص اب ع ب ب اط ن (by the inside of the fingers) or ب ج ن ب ي ه م ا (by the sides of the palms and the finger), ز اي د ب ا ص ب ع و ل و (although a single finger can be enough) و ب الل م س ح س إ ن (if it touches the penis). (when one sets الل ذ ة ق ص د إ ن (1) situations): (Touching involve four أ ق س ام أ ر ب ع ة ع ل ى و ه و out to derive pleasure) و و ج د ه ا (and finds it), ال و ض وء ف ع ل ي ه (he should perform wuḍuu ); (2) و ج د ه ا و إ ن (if one finds pleasure), ي ق ص د ه ا و ل م (but it was not his original intention to derive it), ال و ض وء ف ع ل ي ه (he should perform wuḍuu ); (3) ق ص د ه ا و إ ن (if he set out to derive pleasure), ي ج د ه ا و ل م (but he did not find it), ال و ض وء ف ع ل ي ه (he should perform wuḍuu ); (4) الل ذ ة ي ق ص د ل م و إ ن (if he did not set out to derive pleasure) 3

(he need not ع ل ي ه و ض وء ف لا pleasure), (and he did not receive any ي ج د ه ا و ل م ال و ض وء ي ن ت ق ض و لا wuḍuu ); perform (Wuḍuu does not become nullified) الد ب ر ب م س (by touching the rear end of the body), أ ن ث ي ي ن و لا (nor the testicles), ص غ ير ة ف ر ج و لا (nor the opening of the vagina of a small girl), ق ي ء و لا (nor vomiting), ج ز ور ل ح م ب ا آ ل و لا (nor by eating camel meat), (nor الص لا ة ف ي ق ه ق ه ة و لا venesection), (nor a ق ص د و لا cupping), (nor ح ج ام ة و لا laughing in prayer), ف ر ج ه ا ام ر أة ب م س و لا (nor a woman touching her vagina). و ق يل (It is said), أ ل ط ف ت إ ن (if the vagina is fondled), ال و ض وء ف ع ل ي ه ا (she should perform wuḍuu ), أ ع ل م و الل ه (Allah is the Best Knower). 4

The Chapter About ال م ي اه أ ق س ام (the Kinds of Water) That Can Be Used To Perform Wuḍuu The Chapter About ال م ي اه أ ق س ام (the Kinds of Water) That Can Be Used To Perform Wuḍuu ع ل ى ال م اء أ ن success) (May Allah, Exalted is He grant you الل ه و ف ق ك (Know) اع ل م ف ا م ا unmixed). (and م خ ل وط و غ ير (mixed) م خ ل وط kinds): (that water is of two ق س م ي ن (and it is valid الم ط ل ق ال م اء و ه و pure) (it is ط ه ور ف ه و unmixed) (As for م خ ل وط غ ير water free from impurities); ال و ض وء م ن ه ي ج وز (wuḍuu can be performed with it), (or it الا ر ض م ن ن ب ع أ و sky) (it has fallen from the الس م اء م ن ن ز ل whether) (equally س و اء has sprung out of the ground). (one of it s three الث لا ث ة أ و ص ف ه أ ح د ت غ ي ر إذ ا water), (As for mixed ال م خ ل وط و أ م ا characteristics): ل و ن ه [it s color], ط ع م ه أ و [it s taste] ر يح ه أ و [or it s smell] has been altered) ب ش ي ء (by something). ق س م ي ن ع ل ى و ه و (Mixed water is of two kinds): substance) (with an impure ب ن ج س mixed) (water becomes ي خ ت ل ط (Sometimes), ت ار ة 1) and ب ه ف ي ت غ ي ر (the water becomes alters by the impure substance). ن ج س ف ال م اء (Water و إ ن wuḍuu ). (is not valid for ال و ض وء م ن ه ي ص ح لا substance) that contains an impure ال م اء آ ان ف ا ن substance), (If the water has not been altered by the impure ب ه ي ت غ ي ر ل م wuḍuu (the performance of م ن ه ال و ض وء آ ر ه amount), (but the water is a small ق ل يل ا with it is disliked). ال م ش ه ور ع ل ى (This is in accord with what is well known in the madh-hab of Imām Mālik). substance) (with a pure ب الط اه ر mixed) (water becomes ي خ ت ل ط (Sometimes), و ت ار ة 2) (If the الط اه ر آ ان ف ا ن substance). (and the water becomes alters by the pure ب ه ف ي ت غ ي ر pure substance is) م ن ه الا ح ت ر از ي م ك ن م م ا (is a substance that can be prevented from being mixed with the water), م خ ل وط آ ال م اء (like water which has been mixed) (and what is similar ذ ال ك و أ ش ب ه (dough) و ال ع ج ين (rose), و ال و ر د saffron), (with ب الز ع ف ر ان غ ي ر essence), (is pure in its ن ف س ه ف ي ط اه ر water) (then this ال م اء ف ه ذا things), to these (It can be used ال ع اد ات ف ي ف ي س ت ع م ل else). (but not a purifier for anything ي ر ه ل غ م ط ه ر و ش ر ب dough), (making و ع ج ن cooking), (such as ط ب خ م ن purposes) for ordinary (drinking) ذ ال ك و ن ح و (and things of that nature). ال ع ب اد ات ف ي ي س ت ع م ل و لا (It can not be 5

use for purposes of worship) و ض وء ف ي و لا (nor for wuḍuu ) غ ي ر ه ف ي و لا (nor anything else in that category). (If the water can not be preserved from the pure م ن ه الا ح ت ر از ي م ك ن ب ما آ ان و إ ن substance being mixed with it), ال م ت غ ي ر آ ال م اء (like water that has been changed) أ و ز رن يخ م ع دن ل ىع ال جار ي أ و mud), (or ال ح م ا ة أ و marsh), (by salt from the salt ب الس ب خ ذ ال ك ن ح و أ و originates) (or the run off from a source where arsenic or sulfur آ ب ر يت (or what is similar to these things), ط ه ور آ ل ه ف ه ذا (this water in it s entirety is pure) and ال و ضوء م ن ه ي ص ح (the wuḍuu that is perform with it is valid). أ ع ل م و الل ه (Allah is the Best Knower). 6

The Chapter Concerning ال و ض وء ف ر اي ض (The Obligatory Actions of Wuḍuu ), س ن ن ه (It s Actions Derived From Prophet Muhammad]) and Wuḍuu ) (the Meritorious Acts of ف ض اي ل ه س ن ن ه Wuḍuu ), (The Obligatory Actions of ال و ض وء ف ر اي ض The Chapter Concerning (It s Actions Derived From Prophet Muhammad]) and ل ه ف ض اي (the Meritorious Acts of Wuḍuu ). seven): (they are ف س ب ع ة wuḍuu ), (As for the obligatory actions of ال و ض وء ف ر اي ض ف ا م ا (which is made in conjunction with the washing ال و ج ه غ س ل ع ن د intention) (the الن ي ة 1) of the face), 2) ال و ج ه و غ س ل (washing of the face), 3) ي د ي ن و غ س ل (washing the hands) 5) head), (wiping over the entire الر أ س ج م يع و م س ح 4) elbows), (up to the م رف ق ي ن إ ل ى (washing و ال ف و ر 6) ankles), (up to the ال ك ع ب ي ن إل ى feet) (washing the الر ج ل ي ن و غ س ل each limb one immediately after the other), 7) و الت د ل يك (and rubbing each limb vigorously). (but you are ع لي ك ي ج ب ل ك ن actions), (These are the seven obligatory س ب ع ة ف ه ذ ه required) و ج ه غ س ل ف ي (when washing your face), ل ح ي ت ك ش ع ر ت خ ل ل أ ن (to comb through the hair of your beard with your fingers). خ ف يف ا ال ح ي ة ش ع ر آ ان إ ن (If the hair of the آ ان و إ ن show). (the skin beneath it will ال ب ش ر ة ت ظ ه ر خ ف يف ا الل ح ي ة ش ع ر آ ان إ ن thin) beard is (it is not necessary ت خ ل يل ه ا ع ل ي ك ي ج ب ف لا thin), (If the hair of the beard is thick آ ثيف ا for you to comb through it with the fingers). و آ ذ ال ك (Similarly), ع ل ي ك ي ج ب (you are required) ي د يك غ س ل ف ي (while washing your hands) ب ع ك أ ص ا ت خ ل ل (to comb through the fingers of your hand with the fingers of the other). ال م ش ه ور ع ل ى (This is in accord with what is well known in the madh-hab of Imām Mālik). (1) eight): (they are ف ث م ان ي ة wuḍuu ), (As for the Sunnah actions of ال و ض وء س ن ن و أ م ا (2) bone), (up to the wrist ال ك و ع ي ن إ ل ى first) (washing the hands أ و لا ي د ي ن غ س ل (inhaling water into the و الا س تت ن ش اق (3) water), (rinsing the mouth with و ال م ض م ض ة nostril), (4) ث ارو الا س ت ن ( exhalation); الا ن ف م ن ال م اء ج ذ ب وه و (it is forceful blowing و م س ح (6) head), (repeating the wiping of the الر أ س م س ح و ر د (5) nostril), water from the (the ظ اه ر ه م ا (on the outside of them) and م او ب اط ن ه (wiping the two ears both الا ذ ن ي ن ف ر اي د ه و ت ر ت يب (8) ears, (renewing the water) for both ال م اء و ت ج د يد (7) them), inside of (maintaining correct order in performing the farḍ actions of wuḍuu ). 7

1) seven): (they are ف س ب ع ة wuḍuu ) (As for the meritorious actions of ف ض اي ل ه و أ م ا (Basmalah Bismi-l-laahi-r-Rahmaani-r-Rahiim which said at the beginning of الت س م ي ة ح د ب لا ال م اء و ق ل ة 3) prayer, (a clean area) for performing الط اه ر و ال م و ض ع 2) wuḍuu, (using a small amount of water without a limit), 4) ال ي م ين ع ل ى الا ن اء و و ض ع (placing the ( والث ال ث ة الث ان ي ة و ال غ س ل ة 5) open), (if it is م ف ت وح ا آ ان إ ن right) water container on the the second and third washing of the limbs) ب الا ول أ و ع ب إ ذ ا (after having done it once), و الل ه siwaak). (the و الس و اك 7) head), (beginning at the front of the الر أ س ب م ق د م و ال ب د ء 6) Knower). (Allah is the Best أ ع ل م 8

The Chapter Concerning ال غ س ل ف ر اي ض (The Obligatory Actions of Ghusl [Major Ablution]), س ن ن ه (It s Actions Derived From The Prophet Muhammad) and ف ض اي ل ه (It s Meritorious Actions) The Chapter Concerning ال غ س ل ف ر اي ض (The Obligatory Actions of Ghusl [Major ف ض اي ل ه (It s Actions Derived From The Prophet Muhammad) and س ن ن ه Ablution]), (It s Meritorious Actions) : 1) five) (they are ف خ م سة ablution), (As for the obligatory actions of major ه ف ر اي ض ف ا م ا 3) water), (washing the entire body with ب ال م اء ال ج س م و ت ع م يم 2) intention), (the الن ي ة (washing each limb و ال ف و ر 4) body), (vigorous rubbing of the entire ال ج س م ج م ي ع و الد ل ك one immediately after the other), 5) الش ع ر و ت خ ل يل (combing the fingers through). (washing the أ و لا ي د ي ن غ س ل (1) four): (they are ف ا ر ب ع ة sunnah), (As for it s س ن ن ه و أ م ا hands first) ال ك و ع ي ن إ ل ى (up to the wrist bone), (2) و ال م ض م ض ة (rinsing the mouth) with water, (3) و الا س تت ن ش اق (Sniffing water into the nostril), 4) الا ذ ن ي ن ص م اخ و م س ح (wiping the meaty part of the inside of the ears). الا ذ ى ب ا ز ال ة ال ب د ء 1) six): (they are ف س ت ة actions), (As for it s meritorious ف ض اي ل ه و أ م ا إ آ م ال ث م 2) body), (from his ج س م ه ع ن noxious) (starting with the removal of what is الا ع الي و غ س ل 3) limbs), (then perform a complete wuḍuu over the و ض وي ه أ ع ضاء الر أ س و ت ث ل يث 4) part), (before the bottom الا س اف ل ق ب ل (wash the top part) of the body (starting on the right side [of the ب ال م ي ام ن و ال ب د ء 5) times), (washing the head three ب غ س ل body]) ال م ي اس ر ق ب ل (before going to the left side), 6) ال م اء و ق ل ة (using a small amount of water) ال غ س ل إ حك ام م ع (washing each limb meticulously). أ ع ل م و الل ه (Allah is the Best Knower). 9

The Chapter About الت ي م م (Dry Ablution) (actions derived from the و س ن ن actions), (obligatory ف ر اي ض (dry ablution) has الت ي م م Prophet Muhammad) و ف ض اي ل (and meritorious actions) linked to it. ف ر اي ض ه ف ا م ا (As ي ن و ي أ ن و ه ي intention) (the الن ي ة 1) four): (they are ف ا ر ب ع ة actions), for its obligatory ال ح د ث ي ر ف ع لا الت ي م م لا ن lawful), (it is to intend to make the ṣalaah الص لا ة اس ت ي اح ة (because tayammum does not remove bodily impurity). ال م ش ه ور ع ل ى (This is in accord with what is well known in the madh-hab of Imām Mālik), 2) و ج ه ه ت ع م يم (the worshipper wiping his face) ي د ي ه و (and his hands) ال ك و ع ي ن إ ل ى (up to the wrist bone), 3) الا ولى و الض ر ب ة (the first patting of the earth, 4) الط اه ر و الص ع يد (pure earth); earth) (it is every kind of top ground on the face of the الا رض و ج ه ع ل ى ص ع د م ا آ ل و ه و (salt from a salt س ب خ ة أ و (stone), ح ج ار ة أ و (sand), ر م ل أ و dust), (including ت ر اب م ن marsh) ذ ال ك ن ح و أ و (or what is similar to these things). ف ث لا ث ة Muhammad), (As for its actions which are derived from the Prophet ن ن ه س و أ م ا إ لى الك و ع م ن و ال م س ح 2) limbs), (the order of wiping the ال م س ح ت ر ت يب 1) three): (they are (renewal of the patting الض ر ب ة و ت ج د يد 3) elbow), (wiping from the wrist to the ال م ر ف ق of the earth) ل ل ي د ي ن (for the two hands). س م ي ةالت 1) also): (they are three أ ي ض ا ف ث لا ث ة actions), (As for it s meritorious ف ض اي ل ه و أ م ا (Basmalah Bismi-l-laahi-r-Rahmaani-r-Rahiim, 2) ال ي م ن ى ظ اه ر ب م س ح و ال ب د ء (starting by wiping the outside of the right arm) ال م ر ف ق إ ل ى ب ال ي س رى (with the left hand up to the elbow), الا ص اب ع ا خ ر إ ل ى ط ن ب ال ب ا ث م (and then with the inside of the arm [from the elbow] to the finger tips), 3) ذ ل ك م ث ل الي سرى و م س ح (wiping the left arm in the same manner). أ ع ل م و الل ه (Allah is the Best Knower). 10

The Chapter About الص لا ة الش ر وط (The Conditions of Prayer) (and conditions ص ح ة و ش ر وط conditions) (has obligatory و ج وب ش ر وط (Prayer) الص لا ة which make it valid). و ج وب ه ا ش ر وط ف ا م ا (As for its obligatory conditions), ف خ م سة (they و د خ ول 4) (discernment), و ال ع ق ل 3) (puberty), و ال ب ل وغ 2) (Islam), الا س لا م 1) five): are (the message of the الن ب ي د ع و ة و ب ل وغ 5) in), (the time for Ṣalaah has come ال و قت Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا صلي has reached a people). 1) six): (they are ف س ت ة valid), (As for the conditions which make it ص ح ت ه ا ش ر وط و أ م ا (purification from ال خ ب ث و ط ه ار ة 2) impurities), (purification from bodily ال ح د ث ط ه ار ة impure substances which polluted the body, clothing, the place of worship and any other things connected to worship), 3) ال ق ب ل ة و اس ت ق ب ال (being turn towards the direction of Makkah, Arabia), 4) و ر ة ال ع و س ت ر (covering nakedness), 5) ال ك لا م و ت ر ك (leaving off all speech not connected to worship), 6) آ ث ير ة الا ف ع ال و ت ر ك (leaving all actions not connected to worship). And أ ع ل م و الل ه (Allah is the Best Knower). 11

The Chapter About الص لا ة ف ر اي ض (The Obligatory Actions of Prayer), (It s ف ض اي ل ه ا Muhammad), (It s Actions Derived From The Prophet س ن ن ه ا Meritorious Actions) and م ك ر وه ات ه ا (It s Actions Which are Disliked) (they are ع ش ر ف ث لا ث ة prayer), (As for the obligatory actions of the الص لا ة ف ر اي ض ف ا م ا thirteen): 1) الن ي ة (the intention), 2) الا ح ر ام و ت ك ب ير ة (saying Allahu akbar at the beginning of Ṣalaah), 3) ل ه ا و ال ق ي ام (assuming the standing position for the prayer), 4) 5) al-faatiḥah ), (reading the first chapter of the Holy Qur an titled: ال ف ات ح ة و ق ر أ ة وع و الر آ 6) al-faatiḥah), (assuming the standing position for the recitation of ل ه ا و ال ق ي ام (assuming the bowing position), 7) م ن ه و الر ف ع (rising up from the bowing position), 8) (rising up from the م ن ه و الر ف ع 9) prostration), (assuming the position of و الس ج ود position of prostration), 10) و ال ج ل س (assuming the sitting position) which is the final واللا م ب الا ل ف ال م ع ر ف و الس لا م 11) salaam, sitting done in conjunction with the closing ل و الا ع ت د 13) (calmness) and و الط م ا ن ي ن ة 12) laam), (the Salaam preceded by alif and (collectedness) (As for the actions of the prayer which have been derived from the الص لا ة س ن ن و أ م ا Prophet Muhammad), they are twelve: 1) ال ف ات ح ة ب ع د الس ور ة (the sūrah which is read after al-faatiḥah in الا ل ى ةعكر (the first rak ah) 2) و الث ان ي ة (the second rak ah), 3) (praying فيه ي س ر ف يم ا و الس ر 4) sūrah), (assuming the standing position for the ل ه ا و ال ق ي ام silently in the prayers that are said silently), 5) ف يه ي ج ه ر ف يم ا و ال ج ه ر (praying aloud in the prayers that are said aloud), 6) ت ك ب ير ة و آ ل (every Takbiirah [Allahu Akbar]) is a sunnah, except الا ح ر ام ت ك ب ير ة (Takbiiratu-l-Iḥraam) which is a farḍ and has already been mentioned), 7) مامإلل ح م د ه ل م ن الل ه و س م ع (the imām and the one praying alone و الز ي اد 9) sitting), (the first الا و ل و ال ج ل وس 8) ḥamidah), saying: sami a-l-laahu li-man (that الث ان ي ال ج ل س م ن alaykum]) (the addition of the salaam [as-salaam الس لا م ق د ر ع ل ى is done in the second sitting), 10) الس لا م إ م ام ه ع ل ى ال م ق ت د ي و ر د (the reply of the one following the imām to the salaam of his imām), 11) likewise, ي س ار ه م ن ع ل ى ر د ه (the آ ان إ ن left) reply of the one following the imām to the salaam of the person on his و ال ف ذ (the barrier) for the imām and و الس ت ر ة 12) left). (if some is on his أ ح د ي س ار ه ع ل ى (the one praying alone), when it is feared that someone will pass in front of them. ال ي د ي ن ر ف ع 1) ten: (As for the meritorious actions of prayer), they are الص لا ة ف ض اي ل و أ م ا raising the hands إح ر املا ت ك ب ير ة ع ن د (with the pronouncement of Takbiiratu-l-Iḥraam 12

[Allahu Akbar]), 2) و الظ ه ر الص ب ح ق ر اء ة و ت ط و يل (lengthening the reading of Qur an) in the Ṣubḥ and Ḍhuhr prayers, 3) و ال م غ ر ب العع ص ر ق ر اء ة و ت ق ص ير (shortening the ال ع ش اء ت و س ط 4) prayers, reading of Qur an) in the Asr and Maghrib (moderating the reading of Qur an) in the Ishaa prayer, 5) ال ح م د و ل ك ر ب ن ا : و ق ول (the saying of: Rabbanaa wa laka-l-ḥamd) و ال ف ذ ل ل م ق ت د ي (the one who is following imām and the one who is praying alone), 6) و الس جود الر آ وع و الت س ب يح (saying: the Tasbiih [Subḥaana Rabbiya-l- Adhiim]) while in rukuu and 7) (saying: Ṣubḥaana Rabbiya-l- A alaa) while in sujuud, 8) و الت ا م يم (saying Ta miim [Aamiin]) while praying alone and behind an imām, whether the prayer is silent or out loud; the Ta miim being said by the imām in silence only, 9) saying و ال ق ن وت (the Qunuut). It is recited as follows: ل ك و ن خ ن ع ن ك ف ر ك و لا ن ش ك ر ك آ ل ه ال خ ي ر ع ل ي ك و ن ث ن ي ع ل ي ك و ن ت و آ ل ب ك و ن وم ن و ن س ت غ ف ر ك ن س ت ع ين ك إ ن الل ه م ي ك ف ر ك م ن و ن ت ر ك و ن خ ل ع Allahumma innaa nasta iinuka wa nastagfiruka wa nuuminu bika wa natawakkalu alayka wa nuthnii alayka-l-khayra kulluh nashkuruka wa laa nakfuruka wa nakhna u laka wa nakhla u wa natruku man yakfuruka. O Allah, we seek help from You and ask forgiveness of You; we believe in You and rely on You. We praise You in with all that is good and give thanks to you. we do not disbelieve in you and we humble ourselves before you. We renounce all other diins we abandon all who reject You. ب ال ك اف ر ين أ ذ اب ك إ ن ال ج د أ د اب ك و ن خ اف ر ح م ت ك ن ر ج و و ن ح ف د ن س عى و إ ل ي ك و ن س ج د ن ص ل ي و ل ك ب د ن ع إ ي اك الل ه م م لح ق Allahumma iyyaaka na budu wa laka nuṣallii wa nasjudu wa ilayka nas aa wa naḥfidu narjuu raḥmataka wa nakhaafu adhabaka-l-jidda inna adhaabaka bi-l-kaafiriina mulḥiq. O Allah it is You Whom we worship and to You that we pray and prostrate. It is towards You that we strive and struggle. We hope for Your mercy and fear Your certain punishment. Your punishment will surely come to those who disbelieve. 13

(the الص ب ح ص لا ة (The Qunuut) is not recited in any other prayer except ال ق ن وت Morning Prayer). It is recited (in the second rak ah) before going into rukuu (the bowing position) and it is read silently. follows: (The Tashah-hud) is a sunnah. It is recited as و الت ش ه د 10) و ع ل ى ع ل ي ن ا الس لا م و ب ر آ ات ه الل ه و ر ح م ة الن ب ي أ ي ه ا ع ل ي ك الس لا م ل ل ه الص ل و ات الط ي ب ات ل ل ه الز اآ ي ات ل ل ه الت ه ي ات و ر س ول ه ع ب د ه م ح م د ا أ ن أ ش ه د و ل ه ش ر يك لا و ح د ه الل ه إ لا إ له لا أ ن أ ش ه د الص ال ح ين الل ه ع ب اد Greetings are for Allah, Good actions are for Allah. good words and prayers are for Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Messenger of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that there is no god except Allah alone without partner and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger. If you say: As salaamu alaykum after this it will suffice (that is to say the recitation of the Tashah-hud would be the last action required before the worshipper close out his prayer with the salaam), however if you desire you can also say (before saying As salaamu alaykum): ف يه ا لا ر ي ب ا ت ي ة الس اع ة و أ ن ح ق الص ر اط و أ ن ح ق الن ار و أ ن ح ق ال ج ن ة و أ ن ح ق م ح م د ب ه ج اء ال ذ ي أ ن أ ش ه د ال ق ب ور ف ي م ن ي ب ع ث الل ه و أ ن I bear witness witness that what Muhammad brought is true. And that the Garden is true. And that the Fire is true. And that the Hour is coming and there is no doubt about it. And that Allah will raise up those in the graves. ص ل ي ت آ م ا م ح م د ا ل و ع ل ى م ح م د ع ل ى و ب ار ك م ح م د و ا ل م ح م د ا و ار ح م م ح م د ا ل و ع ل ى م د م ح ع ل ى ص ل ي الل ه م م ج يد ح م يد إ ن ك ال ع ال م ين ف ي إ ب ر اه يم ا ل و ع ل ى إ ب ر اه يم ع ل ى و ب ار آ ت و ر ح م ت O Allah pray on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad and have mercy on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as you prayed on and had mercy on and blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. In all the worlds, You are praiseworthy, glorious. أ ج م ع ين ط ع ات ك أ ه ل و ع ل ى و ال م رس ل ين أ ن ب ي اي ك وع ل ى و ال م ق ر ب ين م لا ي ك ة ع ل ى ص ل ي الل ه م O Allah, pray on Your angels and those brought near and on Your Prophets and Messengers and on all the people who obey You. 14

ع ز م ا م غ ف ر ت ا ب الا يم ان س ب ق ن ا و ل م ن و ل ا ي م ت ن ا و ال و ال د ي ل ي اغ ف ر أ لل ه م O Allah, forgive me and my parents and our imams and those who have gone before us with imaan with complete forgiveness. م ن ه اس ت ع اذ ك ش ر آ ل م ن ب ك و أ ع وذ و س ل م ع ل يه الل ه ص ل ى ن ي ك م ح م د م ن ه س ا ل ك خ ير آ ل م ن أ سا ل ك إ ن ي أ لل ه م و س ل م ع ل يه الل ه ص ل ى ن ي ك م ح م د O Allah, I ask You for every good thing that Muhammad, Your Prophet, asked You for and I seek refuge in You from every evil that Muhammad, Your Prophet, sought refuge in You from. م ن ا ب ه أ ع ل م أ ن ت و م ا اأ ع ل ن و م ا أس ر ارن ا و م ا أ خ ر ن ا و م ا ق د م ن ا م ا ل ن ا اغ ف ر أ لل ه م O Allah, forgive us for what we have done and for what we have put off doing, for what we have kept hidden and what we have done openly and for what You have more knowledge about than us. ف ت ن ة و م ن و ال م م ات ال م ح ي ا ف ت ن ة م ن ب ك أ ع وذ و الن ار أ ع ذ اب و ق ن ا ح س ن ة الا خ ر ة و ف ي ح س ن ة لد ن ي اا ف ي ا ت ن ا ر ب ن ا ال م ص ير و الس وء الن ار ع ذ اب و م ن الد ج ال ال م س يح ف ت ن ة و م ن ال ق ب ر Our Lord give us good in this world and good in the next world and protect us from the torment of the Fire. I seek refuge in You from the trials of life and death and from the trials of the grave and from the trials of the Dajjal and from the torment of the Fire and from an evil end. 1) include]: (As for the things that are disliked in prayer [they الص لا ة م ك ر وه ات و أ م ا و ق ب ل opening]) (after Takbiiratu-l-Iḥraam [the الا ح ر ام ب ع د supplication) (saying فالد ع اء و الد ع اء 2) Faatiḥah), (and before reading the sūrah which is read after the ال ق ر اة و الد ع اء 3) it, (supplication) during the Faatiḥah and during the sūrah that follows ب ع د (supplication) و الد ع اء 4) position), (in the bowing الر آ وع ف ي (supplication) while (after the الا م ام س لام ب ع د (supplication) و الد ع اء 5) Tashah-hud), (after the first الت ش ه د salaam of the imām), 6) الث ي اب ع ل ى و س ج ود prostrating on a garment), و ال ب س ط (a rug) or (has been ر ف اه ي ة ف يه م م ا (something resembling either one of them) which و ش ب ه ه م ا الس وج د ي ك ر ه لا ف ا ن ه mat). (other than a ال ح ص ير ب خ ل ا ف materials) made from luxurious (however refraining from أ و ل ى ت ر آ ه ا ل ك ن و makruh), (Prostration on a mat is not ع ل ي ه ا prostrating on it (the mat) is even better), while أف ض ل الا ر ض ع ل ى و الس ج ود (prostrating on the ground is the best thing to do), 7) و الس ج ود (the prostration of [the worshipper] 15

ر د اي ه أو sleeve) (the hem of his آ م ه ظ ر ف turban), (on the folds of his ع م ام ت ه آ و ر ع ل ى (or the hem of his robe), 8) و ال ق ر اة (reciting verses of the Qur ān) while الر آ وع يف (in ب ال ع ج م ي ة و الد ع اء 9) prostration), (and the position of و الس ج ود position) the bowing (supplication made in a foreign language) ال ع ر ب ي ة ع ل ى ل ل ق اد ر (by the person who is able to speak Arabic), 10) الص لا ة ف ي و ال ت ف ات (turning around during the prayer), 11) (cracking his ف ر ق ع ت ه ا 12) fingers), (the worshipper interlocking his أ ص اب ع ه و ت ش ب يك و إ ق ع اؤه 14) waist), (placing his hands on his خ اص ر ت ه ع ل ي ي دي ه و و ض ع 13) knuckles), (squatting), 15) ع ي ن ه و ت غ م يض (closing his eyes) 16) الا خ ر ى ع ل ى ق د م ه و و ض ع (placing one on the other), 17) د ن ي و ي ب ا م ر ت ف ك ر ه (preoccupation with worldly affairs), 18) (or his ف م ه أو sleeve) (in his ب ك م ه something) (the worshipper carrying ش يء و ح م ل mouth), 19) ب ل ح ي ت ه و ع ب ث (playing with his beard), 20) و الت ع و ذ ال ب س م ل ة ف ي ور و ال م ش ه (and it is well known that ال ب س م ل ة (the Basmalah [saying: Bismi-l-laahi-r-Rahmaani-r- Rahiim]) and الت ع و ذ (the Ta aw-wudh [say: a uu-dhu bi-l-laahi minash-shaytaani-rrajiim]) ال ف ر يض ة يف ال ك ر اه ة (are disliked in the الن اف ل ة د ون,( obligatory (unliked in the supererogatory prayer). ق و ل م ال ك و ع ن (There is a statement transmitted from م س ل م ة اب ن و ع ن (allowing) the Basmalaah to be said, while الا ب اح ة about) Maalik (there is a transmission from Ibn Muslamah) م ن د وبة إ ن ه ا (that the Basmalah is highly recommended) ن اف ع و ع ن (and, a transmission from Naafi about) و ج وب ه ا (it being required). (If the worshippers does something from among the ال م ك ر وه ات م ن ش ي ي ا ف ع ل ف ا نن و لا them), (it is disliked that he does ذ ال ك ل ه آ ر ه prayer), things that are disliked in his (Allah is the Best أ ع ل م و الل ه invalid). (but his prayer does not become ص لا ت ه ت ب ط ل Knower). 16

The Chapter About الص لا ة م ن د وب ات (The Things Recommended) in the Prayer (It is recommended for the one who has reached the age of puberty ل ل م ك ل ف و ي س ت ح ب and is held responsible for his actions) ي ت ن ف ل أ ن (that he prays supererogatory و ب ع د Asr) (before ال ع ص ر و ق ب ل it), (before Dhur and after و ب ع د ه ا الظ ه ر ق ب ل prayers) (Additional ال م غ ر ب ب ع د الن ف ل ف ي ز ي اد ة ي س ت ح ب Maghrib). (and after ال م غ ر ب ب و اج ب ل ي س آ ل ه و ه اذ ا recommended). supererogatory prayers after maghrib are also (None of these prayers are obligatory), ال ا س ت ح ب اب ط ر يق ع ل ى ه و إ ن م ا (but they are recommended). الض ح ى ي س ت ح ب و آ ذ ل ك (Also, the forenoon prayer is recommended), (the prayer of greeting the ال م س ج د و ت ح ي ة Ṣalaatu-l-Tarāwīh, (along with و الت ر او يح و ال و ت ر rak ah) (which consists of at least two ر آ ع ت ان ق ل ه و أ Shaf u) (the و الش ف ع masjid), shaf u). (and the Witr which consists of one rak ah performed after the ب ع د ه ر آ عة (The recitation of ال ق ر أ ة و sunnaḩ). (The Witr prayer is a required م و آ د ة س ن ة ه و Qur an) و ال و ت ر الش ف ع ف ي (in both the Shaf u and the Witr prayers) ج ه ر ا (is read aloud). (in the first الا ول ى ر آ ع ة ف ي prayer) (The worshipper reads in the Shaf u الش ف ع ف ي و ي ق ر أ rak ah) ال ق را ن ب ا م (Sūratu-l-Faatiḥah) و (followed by) ر ب ك اس م س ب ح الا ع لى (Sabbi- ال ق را ن ب ا م reads]) (and in the second rak ah [he الث ان ي ة و ف ي, rabbi-ka-l-a laa) hisma (Sūratu-l-Faatiḥah) و (followed by) ال ك ف رون أ ى ه ا ي ا ق ل (Qul yaa ayyuhaa-l- و (Sūratu-l-Faatiḥah) ال ق را ن ب ا م prayer), (In the Witr و ال و ت ر ف ي و kaafiruuna). (followed by) أ ح د الل ه ه و ق ل (Qul huwa-l-laahu Aḥad) ال م و ع و ذ تي ن و (and the Mu awdh-dhatayn). (are among those الر غ اي ب م ن Prayer) (the two rak ahs of the Dawn ال ف ج ر ر آ ع ت ا و things which are preferred), و ق يل (and it is said) الس ن ة م ن (that it is from among those this which are Sunnah). ف ق ط ال ق را ن ب ا م س ر ا ف يه م ا و ي ق ر أ (Sūratu-l-Faatiḥah is read in both of them only silently ). أ ع ل م و الل ه (Allah is the Best Knower). 17

The Chapter About الس ه و س ج ود (The Prostration For Absent-Mindedness) ق ب ل prostrations) (two س ج د ت ان (The prostration for absent-mindedness) is الس ه و و س ج ود (if he has omitted a م و آ د ة س ن ة ن ق ص إ ن salaam). (before the worshipper s س لا م ه sunnah mu akkadah), ل ه م ا ت ش ه د (He also should recites the tashah-hud with the two prostrations) م ن ه م ا و ي س ل م (and then he pronounces the salaam for them). (he should س لا م ه ب ع د س ج د prayer), (If the worshippers adds something to the ز اد و إ ن perform the prostration for absent-mindedness after his salaam). و ز اد ن ق ص و إ ن (If he [both] omits something from the prayer and adds something to the same prayer), ج ن اي ب ي غ ل ب ل ا ن ه salaam) (he should perform sujuudu-s-sahw before his س لا م ه ق ب ل س ج د (over the الز ي اد ة ج ن اي ب ع ل ى precedence) (because the portion he omitted is given الن ق ص portion he added). ث لا ث ة ع ل ى prayer) (Absent-mindedness of the worshipper in his ص لا ت ه ف ي والس اه ي kinds): (is of three أ ق س ام م ن ف ر ض omits) (the worshipper absent-mindedly نق ص ع ن ي س ه و (Sometimes), ت ار ة (1 (An obligatory ي ج ب ر ف لا prayer). (one of the obligatory actions of his ص لا ت ه ف ر اي ض action cannot be restored by the prostration for forgetfulness). ب ه الا ت ي ان ب د و لا (There is no doubt, about having to do it). ذ ال ك ي ذ آ ر ل م و إ ن (If he does not remember the omission) س ل م ح ت ى (until he has pronounced the salaam) ط ال أ و (or a long time و ي ب ت د ي ه ا invalid) (his prayer becomes ص لا ت ه ب ط ل ت remembers]), passed [before he (and he should start it over again). absent- (the worshipper ص لا ت ه ف ض اي ل م ن ف ض يل ة ع ن ي س ه و (Sometimes), ت ار ة (2 mindedly omits one of the meritorious actions of his prayer) آ ال ق ن وت (like the Qunuut), ال ح م د و ل ك و ر ب ن ا (Rabbanaa wa laka-l-ḥamd), و اح د ة و ت ك ب ير ة (one Allahu Akbar) ذ ال ك و ش ب ه (and what is similar to that). ع ل يه س ج ود ف لا (He is not required to perform the prostration for absentmindedness) ذ ال ك م ن ش ي ء ف ي (for any of these omissions). س ج د م ت ى (If the worshipper performs sujuud) ذ ال ك م ن ل ش ي ء (for any of these omissions), س لا م ه ق ب ل (before he pronounces his salaam), ص لا ت ه ب ط ل ت (his prayer becomes invalid) و ي ب ت د ي ه ا (and he should start it over again). (the worshipper absent-mindedly ص لا ت ه س ن ن م ن س ن ة ع ن ي س ه و (Sometimes), ت ار ة (3 omits one of the sunnah actions of his prayer), را ن ال ق أ م م ع آ الس ورة (like the chapter 18

that comes with the Ummu-l-Qur ān) ت ك ب ير ت ي ن أ و (or two takbiirs) الت ش ه د ي ن أ و (or the و م ا tashahhud) (or the sitting that is done for the two ل ه م ا ال ج ل وس أ و tashah-hud) two (The worshipper should ل ذ ال ك ف ي ش ج د things). (and what is similar to these ال ك ذ أ ش ب ه perform the prostration for absentmindedness for the omission of these actions). (The prostration for absentmindedness which is performed after the ال ب ع د ي ي ق وت و لا salaam should not be left undone) ب الن س ي ان (if it is forgotten). (The worshipper ق د م و ل و month). (even if he remembers it after a ش ه ر ب ع د ذ آ ر ه و ل و it), should perform (Whether it occurred before the prostration for absentmindedness ال ب ع د ي الس ج ود which comes after the salaam) ال ق ب ل ي الس ج ود أ خ ر أ و (or occurred after the prostration for absentmindedness which comes before the salaam), ذ ال ك أ ج ز أ ه (he must compensate for these errors), however, ص لا ت ه ت ب ط ل و لا (his prayer does not become nullified). ال م ش ه ور ع ل ى (This is in accordance what is well known in the Māliki madhhab). اث ن ت ي ن أ و ث لا ث ا prayed) (He who is unable to remember whether he ص ل ى م ا ي د ر ل م و م ن (three rak ahs or two), أ ق ل ع ل ى ي ب ن ى ف ا ن ه (should determine the matter based upon the lesser amount of rak ahs) ف يه ش ك ب م ا ي ا ت ي و (and perform the number of rak ahs in which there is doubt). و ي س ج د (He should then perform the prostration for absentmindedness) س لا م ه ب ع د (after his salaam). أ ع ل م و الل ه (Allah is the Best Knower)). 19

The Chapter About الص لا ة م ف س د ات (The Things That Nullify Prayer) (whether it is done ع م د ا laughing), (by ب الض ح ك [a] (Prayer is nullified): الص لا ة و ت ف س د intentionally) س ه و ا أ و (or absent-mindedly), [b] الس ه و و ب س ج ود (and by the prostration for forgetfulness) ل ل ف ض يل ة (for the parts the prayer classified as meritorious actions), [c] ز ي اد ة و ب ت ع م د (and by the intentional addition of) ر آ ع ة (a rak ah), س ج د ة أ و (or a sajdah) ذ ال ك ن ح و أ و (or anything similar) الص لا ة ف ى (during the performance of prayer), [d] و ب الا آ ل (and by eating) و الش ر ب (and drinking), [e] (unless it is to make a الص لا ة لا ص لا ح إ لا intentionally), (and by talking ع م د ا و ب ال ك لا م ي س ير ه د ون ب ك ث ير ه nullified): (Prayer [also] becomes ف ت ب ط ل prayer). correction in the (by a lot of it [speech] unless it is a small amount), [f] ع م د ا و ب الن ف خ (and by blowing ال ف اي ت ة و ذ آ ر [h] (`and by bodily impurity), و ب ال ح د ث [g] with the mouth intentionally), (and by remembering passed prayers that are owed), [i] و ب ال ق ي ء (and by vomiting) (and by the addition of ر آ ع ات أ ر ب ع و ب ز ي اد ة j] (if it is done intentionally), [ ت ع م د ه إن four more rak ahs) س ه و ا (absent-mindedly) ف ي,الر ب اع ي (to the prayers that have four rak ahs),و الث لا ث ي ة (and three rak ah), ي ن ر آ ع ت و ب ز ي اد ة (and by the addition of two م ع ال م س ب وق و ب س ج ود [k] ( to the prayer that has two rak ahs), الث ان ي ة ف ي rak ahs) more (which ل لس ه و imām), (and by the prostration of the person praying behind the الا م ام is done because of absent-mindedness), [whether] ق ب ل ي ا (it is done before the salaam) (if the worshipper has not kept up with the الا م ام م ع ي د ر ك ل م إ ن it), (or after ب ع د ي ا أ و imām), ال ق ب ل ي الس ج ود و ب ت رك (and by not performing the prostration for absentmindedness which is done before the salaam) س ن ن ث لا ث ن ق ص ع ن آ ان إ ن (when three و الل ه by). (a length of time has has gone و ط ال sunnah action have been omitted), and Knower). (Allah is the Best أ ع ل م 20

The Chapter About الا م ام ة ف ي (The Imāmate) (is that he ي ك ون أ ن imām) (Among the requirements for (the post of الا م ام ة ش ر وط و م ن be) ذ آ ر (a male), م س ل م ا (a muslim) ع اق لا (in full possession of his mental faculties), (knowledgeable about the prayer that is الص لا ة ت ص ح لا ب م ا ع ال م ا mature), (fully ب ال غ ا unsound) و ف ق ه ق ر اءة م ن ب ه إلا (unless it is a matter concerning the recitation and and fiqh). you) (and then it becomes clear to ل ك ت ب ي ن ث م imām) (If you follow an ب ا م ام اف ت د ي ت ف ا ن (or a dubious م ش ك ل خ ن ث ى أ و woman) (or a ام ر أ ة أ و kaafir) (that he is a آ اف ر أ ن ه hermaphrodite) م ج ن ون أ و (or insane) ب جار ح ة ف اس ق أ و (or a sinner who commits big sins) ال ح ل م ي ب ل غ ل م ص ب ي أ و (or the youth who not attained puberty) م ح د ث أ و (or a person who is bodily impure) ال ح د ث ت ع م د (who deliberately prays with the bodily impurity), ص لا ت ك ب ط ل ت (your prayer become invalid) الا ع اد ة ع ل ي ك و و ج ب ت (and you are required to repeat it). (Having sound limbs is also recommended for the ل لا م ام الا ع ض اء س لا م ة ح ب و ي ست imām). الا ق طع إ م ام ة و ت ك ر ه (The imāmship of the amputee ), و الا ش ل (the person suffering with paralysis), الس ل س و ص اح ب (the person who is unable to control the flow of his urine), ل لص ح يح ق ر ح ب ه و من (the person who has a wound on one of his four limbs ), ي ك ر ه م ن و إ م ام ة (and a person who is hated is dislike). ل ل خ ص ي و ي ك ر ه (The imāmship is also disliked for the one who has been castrated), و الا غ لف (the negligent), و ال م ا ب ون (the weakling), ال ح ال وم ج ه ول (the one whose circumstances are unknown, الز ن ا و و ل د (the bastard) عب د و ال (and the slave) ف ر يض ة ف ي (in the farḍ prayer) لا إ ن ه ا prayer) (unlike the naafilah الن اف ل ة ب خ لا ف imām), (as a regular ر ات ب ا إ م ام ا ي ك ون أ ن (if lead by one of the above ن ه م م ب و اح د mak-ruh) (which is not considered to be, ت ك ر ه mentioned). الا ع م ى إ م ام ة و ت ج وز (The imāmship of the blind person is permitted), (and the imamship of an imām from a different madh-hab ال ف ر وع ف ي و ال م خ ال ف [school of Islamic jurisprudence]), و ال ع ن ين (the impotent man), و ال م ج ذ م (the leper is permissible), ج ذ ام ه ي ش ت د أ ن إ لا (except if his leprosy is severe) خ ل ف ه ب م ن و ي ض ر (and it will cause harm to those who are behind him), ع ن ه م ف ي ن ح ى (in that case he should keep away from them). (It is permissible for the one who prays behind the إ م ام ه ع ل ى ال م ا م وم ع ل و و ي ج وز ع ل و ل لا م ام ي ج وز و لا terrace). imām to stand higher than his imām) (even if it is (on a 21

(while it is not permissible for the imām to stand higher than the one ال م ا م وم ع ل ى following him) آ الش ب ر ال ي س ير ب الش ي ء إ لا (unless the height is insignificant like the height) of a spear). ال ك ب ر ب ع ل و ه ال م ا م وم إ م ام ق ص د و إ ن (If the imām purposely sets out to stand higher than the person praying behind him out of arrogance), ص لا ت ه ب ط ل ت (his prayer becomes invalid). (Among the conditions placed upon the one person praying ال م ا م وم ش ر وط و م ن behind the imām) ب الا م ام ه الا ق ت د اء ي ن و ي أ ن (is that he makes the intention from the out set to follow his imām). (that he الا م ام ة ي ن و ي أ ن duties) (It is not conditional among the الا م ام ح ق ف ي ي ش ت ر ط و ل ا makes an intention to perform the duties of imāmate) م س اي ل أ ر ب ع ق ي إ لا (except in four matters): ال ج م ع ة ص لا ة ف ي (in the Friday prayer), ال ج م ع و ص لا ة (the congregational prayer), ال خ و ف و ص لا ة (the prayer of Fear) الا س ت خ لا ف و ص لا ة (and Salaatu-l-Istikhlaaf). ال ج م اع ة ف ض ل imāmate]) (Some of them [the jurist] add [as a condition of ض ه م ب ع ز اد و ي س ت ح ب hand), (on the other ال خ لا ف ة ع ل ى jamaa ah) (preeminence in rank among the preferred), (giving preference to the Sultaan to act as imām is الا م ام ة ف ي الس ل ط ان ت ق د يم (then the ال م ال ك ع ل ى ال م س ت ا ج ر ث م house), (then the owner / head of the ال م ن ز ل ر ب ث م landlord is given precedence over the king), ال ف ق ه ف ي ي د الز ا ث م (then the one who knows the most fiqh), ال ح د يث ف ي الز اي د ث م (then the one who knows the most hadith), ال ق ر اء ة ف ي الز اي د ث م (then the one who knows the most knowledgeable about qiraa ah), ال ع ب اد ة ف ي الز اي د ث م (then the one who is most knowledgeable about ibaadah), الا س لا م ف ي ال م س ن ث م (then [the most senior in Islam]), الن س ب ذ و ث م (then the owner of noble lineage) ال خ ل ق ج م يل ث م (and those beautiful [outstanding] of character), ال خ ل ق ح س ن ث م (then those of good character), الل ب اس ح س ن ث م (and then those who dress well). (The one who is competent has precedence in ف الا م ام ة الت ق د يم ف ي ح ق ل ه آ ان و م ن imāmate) (and competence nullifies the (social) rank in assuming the duty of imām). ع ب د ا آ ان و إ ن (If there is a slave), ام رأ ة أ و a) woman), م ث لا ع ال م غ ي ر أو (or unknowledgeable for example), م ن ه أ ع ل م ه و م ن ي س ت ن يب أ ن ل ه ي س ت ح ب ف ا ن ه (it is preferred أ ع ل م و الل ه them). the person who is most knowledgeable be appointed from among (Allah is the Best Knower). 22

The Chapter About ال ج م ع ة ص لا ة (The Friday Prayer) (which has been الا ع ي ان ع ل ى obligation) (Ṣalaatu-l-Jumu ah is an ف ر ض ال ج م ع ة ص لا ة placed upon each individual Muslim), و ج وب ش ر وط و ل ه ا (and it has required conditions), و أ ر آ ان (rules), و ا د ب (manners), ت ب يح و أ ع ذ ار and )الت خ ل ف excuses which allow [the worshipper] not to attend it). seven): (they are ف س ب ع ة necessity), (As for the condition of its و ج وب ه ا ش ر وط ف ا م ا (masculinity), و الذ آ ور ي ة (intellect), و ال ع ق ل maturity), (legal و ال ب ل وغ (Islam), و الا س لا م health). (and و الص ح ة (residence), و الا ق ام ة (freedom), و ال ح ر ي ة five): (they are ف خ م س ة rules), (As for its و أ م ا (that is used the central ج ام ع ا ي ك ون ال ذ ي masjid) (The first element is the ال م س ج د : الا و ل congregational masjid); (There is no ع ن د م ال ك ح د ل ه م و ل ي س congregation). (The second is the ال ج م اع ة : الث ان ي ج م اع ة ت ك ون doubt), (without لا ب د contrary), (On the أ ن ب ل Maalik). limit for them with (it is a group of people) ق ر ي ة ب ه ت ت ق ر ى (wherein a village can be established by them). ر ج لا ع ش ر ب اث ن ى ت ج وز أ ن ه ا opinion) (Some of our imāms support the أ ي م ت ن ا ب ع ض و ر ج ح (that Jumu ah is permitted to be established with twelve men) ل س لا م ه ا ي ين ب اق (who remain for the closing salaam). (and الص ح يح ع ل ى ر آ ن khuṭbah) (The third element is the first الا ل ى ال خ ط ب ة : الث ال ث ال خ ط ب ة آ ذ ال ك و sound), that it is an essential part [of Jumu ah] according to what is (according to what is well م ش ه ور ع ل ى khuṭbah) (similarly, so is the second الث ان ي ة known [in the Madh-hab]), ب د و لا (and undoubtedly), الز وال ب ع د ت ك ون أ ن (it occurs at ح د ال خ ط ب ة ف ي و ل ي س prayer). (and before the الص لا ة و ق بل khuṭbah) end of the first (There is also no limit place upon the khuṭbah) أ ي ض ا م ال ك ع ن د (also according to Maalik), ب د و لا (and undoubtedly), خ ط ب ة ال ع رب ت س م يه م م ا ت ك ون أ ن (it is what has been called by the Arabs a khuṭbah). ف يه م ا الط ه ار ة و ي س ت ح ب (Ritual purity is recmmended for both khuṭbahs), ت ر د د ال ق ي ام و ج وب و ف ي (and the necessity of the repetition of Qiyaam [standing position]). characteristics) (Among his ص فت ه و م ن imām). (The fourth element is the الا م ام : الر اب ع (is that he is among those people for whom Jumu ah is ع ل ي ه ت ج ب م م ن ي ك ون أ ن 23

incumbent). الص ب ي م ن اح ت ر از ا (The imāmate should not be given to the young boy), (nor anyone else besides the two above-mentioned و غ ي ر ه ه ا traveler), (the ال م س اف ر persons) ع ل ي ه ت ج ب ل م م م ن (who is not obligated to perform Jumu ah upon). that the person leading the prayer for ب ال ج م اع ة ال م ص ل ي ي ك ون أ ن condition) (It is a ي ش ت ر ط the Jamaa ah) ال خ اط ب ه و (must be the one who gives the khuṭbah), ل ع ذ ر إ لا (except for an excuse) م ر ض م ن ذ ال ك م ن ي م ن ع ه (which prevents him from leading the prayer ه ان ت ظ ار و ي ج ب that). (or what is similar to ذ ال ك ن ح و أ و ( insanity (or ج ن ون أ و illness) like (Waiting for him [the imām] is obligatory) ال ق ر يب ل ل ع ذ ر (if the excuse that does take الا ص ح ع ل ى,( long (according to what is most sound). ف لا [residence]). (The fifth element is place of settlement الا س ت يط ان م و ض ع : ال خ ام س (except in a place ي س ت و ط ن م و ض ع ف ي إ لا established), (Jumu ah cannot be ال ج م ع ة ت ق ام و ي م ك ن iqaamah), (there is a place for the ل لا ق ام ة م ح لا و ي ك ون settled), which has been village). (and the habitation is possible whether it is town or a ف يه ال م ش وى (they are ف ث م ان ية Jumu ah), (As for the correct manners with regards to ال ج م ع ة ا د اب و أ م ا eight): (and it ال ج م ه ور ع ن د س ن ة و ه و it) (The first of them is major ablution for ل ه ا ال غ س ل : الا و ل ي ك ون أ ن are) (and its conditions ش ر وط ه و م ن knowledge) is a sunnah with the people of (and if اغ ت س ل ف ا ن masjid]), (that it is connected to starting out [for the ر و اح ب ال م ت ص لا the worshipper made ablution) ن و م أ و ب غ د اء واش ت غ ل (and then becomes pre-occupied by eating or sleep), ال غ س ل أ ع اد (he should repeat the ablution) ال م ش ه ور ع ل ى (according to what is well known); toothbrush); (The second is the الس و اك : الث ان ي hair]); (the third is trimming the الش ع ر ح ل ق : الث ال ث fingernails); (the fourth is trimming the الا ظ اف ر ت ق ل يم : الر اب ع (the fifth is to avoid those things that cause ال ك ر يه ة الر اي ح ة م ن ه ي ت و ل د م ا ت ج ن ب : ال خ ام س bad breath); clothes); (the sixth is to dress in the the best ال ح س ن ة ب الث ي اب الت ج م ل : الس اد س Jumu ah); (the seventh is putting on perfume for ل ه ا الت ط ي ب : الس اب ع 24

ل ع ذ ر إ لا riding), (the eighth is walking to Jumu ah not الر آ وب د ون ل ه ا الم ش ي : الث ام ن (except if there are excuse) ذ ال ك م ن ي م ن ع ه (which prevents the worshipper from doing that). ل ع ذ ر إ لا riding), (the eighth is walking to Jumu ah not الر آ وب د ون ال م ش ي : الث ام ن (except if there are excuse) ذ ال ك م ن ي م ن ع ه (which prevents the worshipper from doing that). (that causes one to stay away from ع ن ه ا ل لت خ ل ف ال م ب يح ة excuses) (As for the الا ع ذ ار و أ م ا Jumu ah), الش د يد ال م ط ر ذ الك ف م ن (they include heavy rain), الك ث ير و الو ح ل (an overwhelming amount of mud), ر اي ح ت ه ت ض ر ال ذ ي ال م ج ذ م (and smells that are harmful), (and tending to و الت م ر يض (illness) ر ض ال م scholars), (according to all of the ب ال ج م اع ة the sick), أ ه ل ه م ن ع ن د ه ي ك ون ب ا ن (because someone in his family is sick), آ الز و ج ة (like ي ع ول ه م ن ع ن د ه و ل ي س parents), (and one of the الا ب و ي ن و أ ح د child) (and the و ال و ل د wife) the (and there is no one who can care for them), الت خ ل ف إ ل ى ف ي ح ت اج (then he should stay إ ذ ا (similarly), ذ ال ك م ن member), (in order to care for his sick family ل ت م ر يض ه behind) dies.) (if one of his relatives or his brother إ خ و ان ه أ و أ ق ار ب ه م ن أ ح د اح ت ض ر (concerning the man who dies on the ال ج م ع ة ي و م ي ه ل ك الر ج ل ف ي said) (Maalik م ال ك ق ال day of Jumu ah), إ خ و ان ه م ن ر ج ل ع ن د ه ل ف ف ي ت خ (a man who is with him from among his brothers can stay away from Jumu ah) (to attend to his affairs). ب ذ ال ك ب ا س لا (There is no objection to that). (Among other the excuses which prevent the worshipper from attending و م ن ه ا Jumu ah) ظ ال م ض ر ب م ن ن ف س ه ع ل ى خ اف ل و (is that he fears being beaten by a tyrant), ال م ع س ر و آ ذ ال ك taken). (or his money being م ال ه أ خ د أ و imprisonment) (or his ح ب س ه أ و (It is similar with the poor person), غ ر يم ه ي ح ب س أ ن ي خ اف (who fears that his creditor الا ع م ى ذ الك و م ن sound). (according to what is more الا ص ح ع ل ى him), will imprison (Another excuse is is that of the blind person) ق اي د لا ال ذ ي (who does not have help). ق ي د ب لا ل ل ج ام ع ي ه ت د ي م م ن him) (if he has someone to guide ق اي د ل ه آ ان (However), ل و أ م ا (or is able to find his way the masjid without a guide), ع ن ه ا الت خ ل ف ل ه ي ج وز فلا (then he is not permitted to stay away from it (the Jumu ah prayer). (at noon time of the day ال ج م ع ة ي و م م ن الز و ال ع ن د prohibited) (Travel is الس ف ر و ي ح ر م of Jumu ah) ال ج م ع ة ع ل ي ه ت ج ب م ن ع ل ى (for the one who has to attend Jumu ah 25

prayer). و الن اف ل ة ال ك لا م ع ل ي ه ي ح ر م و آذ ال ك (Similarly, talking and performing naafilah آ ان س واء khuṭbah) (while the imām is giving the ي خ ط ب و لا م ام permitted) prayers is not الر ج ل و ي ج ل س ). khuṭbah (whether it is the first or the second الث ان ي ة أ و الا ول ى ال خ ط ب ة ف ي (unless he is ب ن ق ل ت ل ب س ي ك ون أ ن إ لا pray), (The man must sit and does not ي ص ل ي و لا doing nafilah prayer) الا م ام د خ ول ق ب ل (before the entry of the imām) ذ ال ك ف ي ت م (and ع ن د prohibited) (Buying and selling is و الش ر اء ال ب ي ع و ي ح ر م prayer). completes that (and it should be terminated و ق ع إ ن و ي ف س خ prayer) (after the second call to الث ان ي الا ذ ان when it the call to prayer starts). (Omitting traditional behavior on the day the Jumu ah ال ج م ع ة ي و م ال ع م ل ر ك ت و ي ك ر ه Prayer is highly disliked), ال خ ط ب ة ق ب ل الا م ام و ت ن ق ل (as well as the imām performing ل ل ج ال س disliked) (and similarly it is ي ك ر ه و آذ ال ك khuṭbah), naafilah prayers before the (for those who are sitting) ي ت ق ل أ ن (to perform naafilah prayers) الا و ل الا ذ ان ع ن د (after the first adh-dhaan). ل ل ج م ع ة الش اي ة ح ض ور و ي ك ر ه (It is also disliked for the young girl to أ ع ل م و الل ه Fajr). (and likewise, traveling after ال ف ج ر ب ع د الس ف ر و آذ ال ك Jumu ah), attend (And Allah is the Best Knower). 26