2006. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 115(2) :103 109 CURREN SAUS OF FRESHWAER MUSSES (ORDER UNIONOIDA) IN H E WABASH RIVER DRAINAGE OF INDIAN A Brant E. Fisher : Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Atterbury Fish & Wildlife Area, 7970 South Rowe Street, P.O. Box 3000, Edinburgh, Indiana 46124 USA ABSRAC. Seventy-five species of freshwater mussels (Order Unionoida) have historically inhabited the Wabash River drainage of Indiana. Nine of these species have always been restricted to Wabash Rive r tributaries and never maintained reproducing populations in the mainstem Wabash River. Of the 66 remaining species, 18 are currently considered extirpated from the entire drainage and 18 maintain repro - ducing populations only in Wabash River tributaries. Currently, 30 species maintain reproducing popula - tions in the mainstem Wabash River, which represents a 55% reduction in its freshwater mussel fauna. o date, the entire Wabash River drainage of Indiana has seen a 24% reduction in its freshwater mussel fauna. Keywords : Freshwater mussels, Wabash Rive r he freshwater mussel (Order Unionoida) fauna of the Wabash River drainage has bee n well documented historically. Stein (1881) at - tempted the first complete list of the `molluscous fauna of Indiana,' and referenced man y species as inhabiting the Wabash River and its tributaries. Call (1894, 1896, 1897, 1900), Blatchley & Daniels (1903), Daniels (1903, 1915), and Goodrich & van der Schalie (1944 ) continued to add to the knowledge of Indiana's mollusca fauna and provided invaluabl e information on those species found in the Wabash River drainage. hree important Wabash River studies wer e completed during the 1960s and 1970s. Meyer (1968) and Krumholz et al. (1970) studied the commercially valuable species of the Wabas h and White rivers. Clark (1976) inventoried mussels from the lower Wabash River. Between 1987 and 1991, Cummings et al. (1992) sampled 100 sites in the Wabash Rive r drainage, including 53 sites on the mainste m Wabash River. Several of the lower Wabas h River sites sampled by Cummings et al. (1992) were re-sampled in 1996 by Franklan d (1996). Ball & Schoenung (1996.and ) EnviroScience (2006) intensively sample d freshwater mussels at several locations in the upper mainstem Wabash River. Page et al. (1992) and Cummings & Mayer (1997) pro - vide information on the status of freshwater mussels in the Wabash River drainage of Illinois. Many of the larger tributaries of the Wabash River have also had recent survey wor k completed (from upstream to downstream) : Salamonie River (Ecological Specialists, Inc. 1995), Mississinewa River (Ecological Specialists, Inc. 1995), Eel River (upper Wabash River) (Henschen 1987), ippecanoe Rive r (Cummings & Berlocher 1990 ; Cummings e t al. 1992 ; Ecological Specialists, Inc. 1993, 1998 ; Ball & Schoenung 1996 ; Common - wealth Biomonitoring 2005 ; EnviroScienc e 2006), Middle Fork Wildcat (Henschen 1990), small streams of ippecanoe County (Myers - Kinzie et al. 2001), Jordan Creek (Szafoni et al. 2000), Sugar Creek (middle Wabash Rive r tributary) (ewis 1991), Brouilletts Creek (iemann 2005), East Fork White River drain - age (Cummings et al. 1992; Ball & Schoenung 1996 ; Harmon 1998 ; Clarke et al. 1999 ; EnviroScience 2006), West Fork White Rive r drainage (Cummings et al. 1992; Henschen 1993, 1995 ;. Bowley, Muncie Bureau of Water Quality pers. comm.), and Patoka River (Ecological Specialists, Inc. 2001). Figure 1 illustrates the recent collections cited here, which include samples from 1987-2004. In addition to this information, the Wildlife Diversity Section, Division of Fish and Wild - life, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, collected freshwater mussel information 103
104 PROCEEDINGS OF HE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENC E Figure 1. Freshwater mussel sample location s reported from cited literature for the Wabash Rive r drainage, Indiana (1987-2004). from nearly 900 sites within the Wabash Rive r drainage between 1995 2006 (Fig. 2). his in - formation, along with the previously cited surveys, was used to determine the current statu s of freshwater mussel species within the Wabash River drainage of Indiana. MEHOD S Several different collecting methods wer e used in the previously cited surveys ; the individual reports should be reviewed to deter - mine the specific methods used by those re - searchers. An informal sampling design (Strayer & Smith 2003) was utilized for most of our surveys within the Wabash River drainage. Sampling locations were chosen to provide information from watersheds where few or n o previous freshwater mussel surveys had bee n completed. ocations were waded and visually (if possible) and physically searched fo r live freshwater mussels and dead shell material. At locations where visibility was limited, Figure 2. Freshwater mussel sample locations reported from cited literature and collected by th e Wildlife Diversity Section, Indiana Department o f Natural Resources, for the Wabash River drainage, Indiana (1987-2006). the stream bottom was searched with hands o r shoed-feet. ive freshwater mussels were identified onsite and returned ; representative dead shel l material was retained from most locations. Species lists indicating the best condition o f shell material (live, fresh dead, weathere d dead, or subfossil) encountered were prepare d for all sampled locations. All shell materia l retained from our sampling efforts is currentl y vouchered at the Atterbury Fish and Wildlif e Area, Edinburgh, Indiana. Besides the specific freshwater mussel sampling described, additional information was obtained incidentally while completing survey work for fishes. Notes were made on liv e freshwater mussels and shell material encountered, although no formal surveys were completed.
FISHER MUSSES OF HE WABASH RIVER 10 5 able 1. Current status of freshwater mussel s (Order Unionoida) in the Wabash River drainage of Indiana. Scientific and common names follow urgeon et al. (1998). = reproducing populations of species still found in mainstem Wabash River an d its tributaries ; = reproducing populations o f species historically found in mainstem Wabash Riv - er but now restricted to its tributaries ; = reproducing populations of species always restricted to Wabash River tributaries ; = species extirpated from entire Wabash River drainage. Species Family Margaritiferidae Cumberlandia monodonta (spectaclecase) Family Unionidae Statu s Actinonaias ligamentina (mucket) Alasmidonta marginata (elktoe) Alasmidonta viridis (slippershell mussel) Amblema plicata (threeridge) Anodonta suborbiculata (flat floater) Andontoides ferussacianus (cylindrical papershell) Arcidens confragosus (rock pocketbook) Cyclonaias tuberculata (purple warty - back) Cyprogenia stegaria (fanshell) Ellipsaria lineolata (butterfly) Elliptio crassidens (elephantear) Elliptio dilatata (spike) Epioblasma flexuosa (leafshell) Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua (white catspaw) Epioblasma personata (round combshell) Epioblasma propinqua (ennessee riffleshell) Epioblasma sampsonii (Wabash riffle - shell) Epioblasma torulosa rangiana (northern riffleshell) Epioblasma torulosa torulosa (tubercled blossom) Epioblasma triquetra (snuffbox) Fusconaia ebena (ebonyshell) Fusconaia flava (Wabash pigtoe) Fusconaia subrotunda (longsolid) Hemistena lata (cracking pearlymussel) ampsilis abrupta (pink mucket) ampsilis cardium (plain pocketbook) ampsilis fasciola (wavyrayed lampmussel) ampsilis ovata (pocketbook) ampsilis siliquoidea (fatmucket) ampsilis teres (yellow sandshell) asmigona complanata (white heelsplitter) asmigona compressa (creek heelsplitter) able 1. Continued. Species asmigona costata (flutedshell) eptodea fragilis (fragile papershell) eptodea leptodon (scaleshell) igumia recta (black sandshell) igumia subrostrata (pondmussel) Megalonaias nervosa (washboard) Obliquaria reflexa (threehorn wartyback) Obovaria olivaria (hickorynut) Obovaria retusa (ring pink) Obovaria subrotunda (round hickorynut) Plethobasus cicatricosus (white wartyback) Plethobasus cooperianus (orangefoot pimpleback) Plethobasus cyphyus (sheepnose) Pleurobema clava (clubshell) Pleurobema cordatum (Ohio pigtoe) Pleurobema plenum (rough pigtoe) Pleurobema rubrum (pyramid pigtoe) Pleurobema sintoxia (round pigtoe) Potamilus alatus (pink heelsplitter) Potamilus capax (fat pocketbook) Potamilus ohiensis (pink papershell) Ptychobranchus fasciolaris (kidneyshell) Pyganodon grandis (giant floater) Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica (rabbits - foot) Quadrula fragosa (winged mapleleaf) Quadrula metanevra (monkeyface) Quadrula nodulata (wartyback) Quadrula pustulosa pustulosa (pimpleback) Quadrula quadrula (mapleleaf) Simpsonaias ambigua (salamander mussel) Strophitus undulatus (creeper) oxolasma lividus (purple lilliput) oxolasma parvus (lilliput) oxolasma texasiensis (exas lilliput) ritogonia verrucosa (pistolgrip) runcilla donaciformis (fawnsfoot) runcilla truncata (deertoe) Uniomerus tetralasmus (pondhorn) Utterbackia imbecillis (paper pondshell) Villosa fabalis (rayed bean) Villosa iris (rainbow) Villosa lienosa (little spectaclecase) RESUS AND DISCUSSION Statu s For the purpose of this paper, freshwater mussel species are considered extirpated i f they no longer maintain a reproducing population. It is possible remnant live individuals
106 PROCEEDINGS OF HE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENC E able 2.-Summary of status for freshwater mus - sels in the Wabash River drainage of Indiana. Status Numbe r of specie s Reproducting populations still found in the mainstem Wabash River and it s tributaries 3 0 Reproducing populations historically found in the mainstem Wabash River but now restricted to its tributaries 1 8 Reproducing populations always restrict - ed to Wabash River tributaries 9 Extirpated from the entire Wabash Rive r drainage 1 8 otal species : 75 of some of the species considered extirpate d may still be found. However, because their populations have reached levels that no longer support reproduction, they are deemed functionally extirpated. Viable populations refer only to those aggregations of freshwater mussels that are reproducing, as evidenced by the presence of live, young individuals. Of the 75 species of freshwater mussels historically known from the Wabash River drain - age of Indiana, 30 still maintain population s in both the mainstem Wabash River and its tributaries, 18 are extirpated from the mainstem, but maintain populations in some portion of the drainage, and 18 are now extirpated from the entire drainage (ables 1, 2). h e nine remaining species are small-stream species or species of unique habitats and probabl y never had populations in the mainstem Wabash River; they maintain populations in tributaries of the Wabash River drainage withi n Indiana. In describing the distribution of some of the freshwater mussel species i[n the followin g discussion, the `upper Wabash River' is used to describe the area upstream from where Sugar Creek enters the Wabash River in Parke an d Vermillion counties. he `lower Wabash River' refers to the area downstream from Suga r Creek to its confluence with the Ohio River. ive species of mainstem Wabash Rive r and its tributaries. hirty species of freshwater mussels still maintain populations i n both the mainstem Wabash River and its tributaries (able 1). he most widely distribute d of these species can be found throughout the entire drainage, in a variety of stream sizes. hese species include: threeridge (Amblema plicata), Wabash pigtoe (Fusconaia "lava), plain pocketbook (ampsilis cardium), fatmucket (ampsilis siliquoidea), white heelsplitter (asmigona complanata), giant floater (Pyganodon grandis), and paper pondshel l (Utterbackia imbecillis). Although commo n throughout the drainage, these species tend t o be less common in the tributaries and main - stem of the extreme lowest section of the Wabash River. Several species are primarily restricted t o the mainstem Wabash River and the lower parts of its largest tributaries. hese specie s include: yellow sandshell (ampsilis teres), fragile papershell (eptodea fragilis), threehorn wartyback (Obliquaria reflexa), hickorynut (Obovaria olivaria), pink heelsplitter (Potamilus alatus), pink papershell (Potamilu s ohiensis), monkeyface (Quadrula metanevra), pimpleback (Quadrula pustulosa pustulosa), mapleleaf (Quadrula quadrula), pistolgri p (ritogonia verrucosa), fawnsfoot (runcilla donaciformis), and deertoe (runcilla truncata). hese species are also the most commo n inhabitants of the tributaries of the lower Wabash River, where most of the other live species are not found. Some species are restricted to the tributarie s and mainstem of the upper Wabash River an d the upper watersheds of its other larger tributaries (East Fork and West Fork White rivers). hese species include : mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina), elktoe (Alasmidonta marginata), wavyrayed lampmussel (ampsilis fasciola), flutedshell (asmigona costata), round pigtoe (Pleurobema sintoxia), an d creeper (Strophitus undulatus). Black sandshell (igumia recta) is restricted to the lower sections of the larger tributaries and mainstem of the upper Wabash River. Purple wartyback (Cyclonaias tuberculata) and pocketbook (ampsilis ovata) have similar distributions but are also found in the lower mainstem East Fork White River. Fat pocketbook (Potamilus capax) and wartyback (Quadrula nodulata) have the most restricted ranges of these live species. Both are concentrated in the extreme lower section o f the mainstem Wabash River. hey do ascend some tributaries of the lower mainstem ; however, their reproductive success in these areas is somewhat questionable.
FISHER MUSSES OF HE WABASH RIVER ive tributary species extirpated from mainstem Wabash River. Eighteen freshwater mussel species that once maintaine d populations throughout the Wabash Rive r drainage are now restricted to populations tha t are viable only in the tributaries (able 1). For many of these species, live individuals can b e found in the mainstem Wabash River ; how ever, they no longer constitute reproducin g populations. Many species that are now restricted to th e tributaries of the Wabash River have been gone from the mainstem for a long time. hese species include : butterfly (Ellipsaria lineolata), spike (Elliptio dilatata), snuffbox (Epioblasma triquetra), round hickorynut (Obovaria subrotunda), clubshell (Pleurobema clava), Ohio pigtoe (Pleurobema cordaturn), salamander mussel (Simpsonaias ambigua), purple lilliput (oxolasma lividus), rayed bean (Villosa fabalis), and rainbow (Villosa iris). Many of these species are now rare in the tributaries, and most have incurred a substantial reduction in their historic distribution. ive individuals of the following specie s can occasionally be found in the mainstem Wabash River ; however, all are functionally extirpated and restricted to the tributaries : rock pocketbook (Arcidens confragosus), fan shell (Cyprogenia stegaria), elephantear (Elliptio crassidens), ebonyshell (Fusconaia ebena), washboard (Megalonaias nervosa), sheepnose (Plethobasus cyphyus), kidneyshell (Ptychobranchus fasciolaris), and rabbitsfoo t (Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica). Of these species, rock pocketbook, elephant ear, ebonyshell, and washboard are the mos t likely to be collected live. hough these species may still maintain small, isolated, reproducing populations somewhere in the main stem Wabash River, their continued presenc e is uncertain at best. We are considering them extirpated until further collections are mad e that can repudiate this claim. Fanshell, sheepnose, kidneyshell, and rabbitsfoot are much rarer in the mainstem Wabash River than the previously mentioned species. All have been found sporadically in th e mainstem in recent years (Cummings et al. 1992 ; Ball & Schoenung 1996 ; EnviroScienc e 2006). Occasional live individuals of thes e species could be entering the Wabash River 107 from the lower ippecanoe River where populations of these species remain. ributary species. Nine species are found live in tributaries of the Wabash Rive r drainage (able 1) and likely never maintaine d populations in the mainstem Wabash River in Indiana. hese species include : slippershel l mussel (Alasmidonta viridis), flat floater (Anodonta suborbiculata), cylindrical papershel l (Anodontoides ferussacianus), creek heelsplitter (asmigona compressa), pondmussel (igumia subrostrata), lilliput (oxolasma parvus), exas lilliput (oxolasma texasiensis), pondhorn (Uniomerus tetralasmus), and little spectaclecase (Villosa lienosa). Shell material of these species is occasionally found in th e mainstem Wabash River, likely washing i n from tributaries. Slippershell mussel, cylindrical papershell, creek heelsplitter, and lilliput are small-stream species found in the smaller watershed s throughout the Wabash River drainage (excep t the southwest portion). hese species are likely found live in the very upper mainstem Wabash River in Ohio. Flat floater, pondhorn and exas lilliput are primarily restricted to the southwest portion o f the Wabash River drainage, where they inhabit the ditches, oxbows, and other similar habitats of the region. Pondmussel can be found in this portion of the drainage as well but i s also an inhabitant of the natural lakes of th e upper Wabash River drainage. ittle spectaclecase is a small- to medium sized stream species. It has a rather sporadi c distribution within the Wabash River drainage. It inhabits tributaries of the middle Wabash, East Fork White, and West Fork White rivers. Extirpated species. Eighteen freshwate r mussel species are now considered extirpate d from the entire Wabash River drainage (able 1). All 18 species are also extirpated from th e entire state of Indiana. hese species include : spectaclecase (Cumberlandia monodonta), leafshell (Epioblasma flexuosa), white catspaw (Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua), round combshell (Epioblasma personata), ennessee riffleshell (Epioblasma propinqua), Wabash riffleshell (Epioblasma sampsonii), northern riffleshell (Epioblasma torulosa rangiana), tubercled blossom (Epioblasma torulosa torulosa), longsolid (Fusconaia subrotunda), cracking pearlymussel (Hemistena lata), pink mucket (ampsilis abrupta), scale-
108 PROCEEDINGS OF HE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENC E shell (eptodea leptodon), ring pink (Obovaria retusa), white wartyback (Plethobasus cicatricosus), orangefoot pirnpleback (Plethobasus cooperianus), rough pigtoe (Pleurobema plenum), pyramid pigtoe (Pleurobema rubrum), and winged mapleleaf (Quadrul a fragosa). Most of these species have been los t from the fauna for many years, and severa l are even extinct. A single live rough pigtoe was collecte d from the East Fork White River in 1992 (Bal l & Schoenung 1996). A single live longsoli d was collected from Sugar Creek in 199 1 (ewis 1991). hese represent the last know n live collections of either species from Indian a waters. If these species are live in the Wabash River drainage they are extremely rare and ar e no longer reproducing. Federally-endangered species. hree federally-endangered freshwater mussel species maintain populations in the Wabash Rive r drainage of Indiana. Clubshell is foun d throughout the ippecanoe River in the uppe r Wabash River drainage. Fanshell is found in the lower ippecanoe River (below ak e Freeman) and the lower East Fork White River. he fat pocketbook survives in the extreme lowest section of the mainstem Wabash River, where it is one of the most common live freshwater mussels found. ACKNOWEDGMEN S Mussel collections by the Wildlife Diversity Section, IDNR, were funded through State Wildlife Grant -3. Sampling was aide d by a series of dedicated naturalist aides, including ed V. Briggs, Kathy M. Eddy, Kevi n. Rowe, Amelia R. Barnett, Kara. Bieker, Melissa R. Jones, and Sarah A. Bales. IERAURE CIE D Ball, R.. & B.M. Schoenung. 1996. Status of mussel populations in the primary harvest areas. 1995 final report. Division of Fish and Wildlife, Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Indi - anapolis. 72 pp. Blatchley, W.S. &.E. Daniels. 1903. On some Mollusca known to occur in Indiana. A supplementary paper to Call's catalogue. 26'r Annual Report of the Indiana Department of Geolog y and Natural Resources 26 :577 628. Call, R.E. 1894. A contribution to a knowledge of Indiana Mollusca. Proceedings of the Indian a Academy of Science 9 :140 156. Call, R.E. 1896. Second contribution to a knowl - edge of Indiana Mollusca. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 11 :135 146. Call, R.E. 1897. he hydrographic basins of Indiana and their molluscan fauna. Proceedings of the Academy of Science 12 :247 257. Call, R.E. 1900. A descriptive illustrated catalogu e of the Mollusca of Indiana. 24th Annual report o f the Indiana Department of Geology and Natura l Resources 24 :335 535+. Clark, C.F. 1976. he freshwater naiads of the low - er end of the Wabash River, Mt. Carmel, Illinoi s to the south. Sterkiana 61 :1 14. Clarke, A.H., P. Hovingh & J.J. Clarke. 1999. A freshwater mussel inventory of four tributar y watersheds of the East Fork White River, Hoosie r National Forest, Indiana, with notes on othe r freshwater mollusks and on amphibians an d leeches. Final Report to the United States Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Hoosier National Forest, Brownstown Range r District. Bedford, Indiana. 33+ pp. Commonwealth Biomonitoring. 2005. Bioassessment in the ippecanoe River watershed 2003 and 2004. Final Report to the Nature Conservan - cy Indiana Chapter. 14+ pp. Cummings, K.S. & J.M.K. Berlocher. 1990. he naiades or freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) of the ippecanoe River, Indiana. Malacological Review 23 :83 98. Cummings, K.S. & C.A. Mayer. 1997. Distributional checklist and status of Illinois freshwate r mussels (Mollusca : Unionacea). Pp. 129 145, In Conservation and management of freshwater mussels II : Initiatives for the future. (K.S. Cummings, A.C. Buchanan, C.A. Mayer &.J. Naimo, eds.). Proceedings of a UMRCC symposium, 16 18 October 1995, St. ouis, Missouri. Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, Rock Island, Illinois. Cummings, K.S., C.A. Mayer &.M. Page. 1992. Survey of the freshwater mussels (Mollusca : Unionidae) of the Wabash River drainage. Final Report. Final Report to the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program, Division of Fish & Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 201 pp. Daniels,.E. 1903. A check list of Indiana Mollusca, with localities. 2 7 th Annual Report of the Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Re - sources. 27 :629 652. Daniels,.E. 1915. A supplemental check list of Indiana Mollusca, with localities and notes. 3 9 th Annual Report of the Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources 39 :318 326. Ecological Specialists, Inc. 1993. Mussel habitat suitability and impact analysis of the ippecanoe River. Final Report to the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program, Division of Fish & Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 102+ pp. Ecological Specialists, Inc. 1995. Draft report : a
FISHER MUSSES OF HE WABASH RIVER 10 9 unionid status and distributional survey in th e Salamonie and Mississinewa rivers. Final Repor t to the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Pro - gram, Division of Fish & Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 44 pp. Ecological Specialists, Inc. 1998. Unionid surve y upstream and downstream of 16 point sources i n the ippecanoe River. Final Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bloomington Fiel d Office. 90 pp. Ecological Specialists, Inc. 2001. Unionid musse l survey of the Patoka River, Indiana. Final Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Patok a River National Wildlife Refuge. 22+ pp. EnviroScience, Inc. 2006. Unionid Survey of th e East Fork White River, ippecanoe River, an d Wabash River. Final Report to the Division of Fish and Wildlife, Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Indianapolis. 60+ pp. Frankland,. 1996. Survey of the freshwater mussel population of the mainstem of the Wabash River. Boundary River Program, Illinois Department of Conservation. Springfield, Illinois. 8 + PP. Goodrich, C. & H. van der Schalie. 1944. A revision of the Mollusca of Indiana. he America n Midland Naturalist 32 :257-326. Harmon, J.. 1998. Finalization of freshwate r mussel (Bivalvia : Unionidae) survey of Indiana' s East Fork White River drainage. Final Report t o the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program, Division of Fish & Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 167 pp. Henschen, M.. 1987. he freshwater mussels (Unionidae) of the Eel River of northern Indiana. Final Report to the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program, Division of Fish & Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 73 pp. Henschen, M.. 1990. he freshwater mussels of the Middle Fork Wildcat Creek Indiana. Final Report to the Nongame and Endangered Wildlif e Program, Division of Fish & Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 16 pp. Henschen, M.. 1993. he freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) of Fall Creek, Indianapolis, Indiana from Geist Reservoir to 46 th Street. Final Report to the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program, Division of Fish & Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 11 pp. Henschen, M.. 1995. Addendum to : he freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) of Fall Creek, Indianapolis, Indiana from Geist Reservoir to 46 th Street. Final Report to the Nongam e and Endangered Wildlife Program, Division of Fish & Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 3 pp. Krumholz,.A., R.. Bingham & E.R. Meyer. 1970. A survey of the commercially valuable mussels of the Wabash and White Rivers of Indiana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy o f Science 79 :205-226. ewis, R.B. 1991. Freshwater mussel (Mollusca : Unionidae) survey of Sugar Creek in Parke, Montgomery, Boone, and Clinton counties of Indiana. Final Report to the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program, Division of Fish & Wildlife, IDNR. Indianapolis. 22+ pp. Meyer, E.R. 1968. he distribution and abundanc e of freshwater mussels of the family Unionida e (Pelecypoda) of the Wabash, White, and Eas t Fork of the White rivers of Indiana. Final Report to the Division of Fish and Game, Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Indianapolis. 6 8 PP. Myers-Kinzie, M.., S.F. Wente & A. Spacie. 2001. Occurrence and distribution of freshwater mussels in small streams of ippecanoe County, Indiana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy o f Science 110 :141-150. Page,.M., K.S. Cummings, C.A. Mayer, S.. Pos t & M.E. Retzer. 1992. Biologically significant Illinois streams. An evaluation of the streams of Illinois based on aquatic biodiversity. Final Re - port to the Illinois Department of Conservatio n and Illinois Department of Energy and Natura l Resources. Springfield, Illinois. 485 pp. Stein, F. 1881. Synopsis of the molluscous faun a of Indiana. Second Annual Report of the Department of Statistics and Geology for the Year 1880. 2:451-467. Strayer, D.. & D.R. Smith. 2003. A Guide to Sampling Freshwater Mussel Populations. American Fisheries Society Monograph 8. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, Maryland. 103 pp. Szafoni, R.E., K.S. Cummings & C.A. Mayer. 2000. Freshwater mussels (Mollusca : Unionidae) of the Middle Branch, North Fork Vermilio n River, Illinois/Indiana. ransactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 93(3) :229-237. iemann, J.S. 2005. Freshwater mussel (Bivalvia : Unionidae) survey of the Brouilletts Creek basi n in Illinois and Indiana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 114(1) :33-42. urgeon, D.D., J.E Quinn, Jr., A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. yons, P.M. Mikkelsen, R.J. Neves, C.EE. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, EG. hompson, M. Vecchione & J.D. Williams. 1998. Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada : Mollusks, 2 a edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publicatio n 26. Bethesda, Maryland. 359 pp. Manuscript received 7 September 2006, revised 1 8 October 2006.