PRESENTATION ON WILD CAUGHT SHRIMP OF INDIA BY MR. A.J. THARAKAN PRESIDENT OF THE SEAFOOD EXPORTERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA 1
INDIAN COASTLINE SHOWING SEAFOOD PROCESSING CLUSTERS Indian Union 29 states, 9 with coastlines 14 Processing Cluster Centers are: Porbandar Veraval Mumbai Ratnagiri Goa Mangalore Kochi Kollam Tuticorin Chennai Bhimavaram Visakhapatnam Bhubaneswar Kolkata 2
INDIAN FISHERY RESOURCES, PROCESSING INFRASTRUCTURE, MARKETS & EXPORTS Indian Fishery Resources consist of : Coastline of 8118 Kilometres Continental Shelf of 530,000 sq.kms Exclusive Economic Zone of 2.02 million Sq. Kms., and Estimated 2.5 million hectares of brackish waters, lakes and other inland water bodies. 3
Infrastructure: Processing Plants : 466 EU approved Plants : 290 Non EU plants : 175 Total installed freezing capacity : 20,273 MT / day No. of registered Fishing vessels : 9,667 In India, over 14.5 million people depend on the fisheries sector for their livelihood, besides an equal number of people engaged in ancillary activities in fisheries and aquaculture. 4
Market: 99% of the seafood processed from Indian factories are exported and only less than 1% goes to the domestic market. 5
Total Seafood Exports: From the year 2000 onwards, India s exports were as follows: 6000 5000 5007,70 US $ in Million 4000 3000 2000 1000 1253,35 1330,76 1416,32 1424,90 1478,48 3508,45 1899,09 2132,84 1644,21 2856,92 1852,93 1908,63 3511,67 0 The target is to reach 10 Billion USD by the year 2020 6
THE MARKETWISE EXPORTS FOR 2013-14 IN VALUE TERMS (in USD Million) 7 MIDDLE EAST, 273 5 OTHERS, 411 4 JAPAN, 411 2 USA, 1286 1 SOUTH EAST ASIA, 1321 6 CHINA, 293 3 EUROPEAN UNION, 1013 7
Item-wise Exports during 2013-14 in Quantity as well as Value were as follows:- QUANTITY-WISE (METRIC TONNES) VALUE-WISE (USD MILLION) LIVE ITEMS 0 % DRIED ITEM 7 % CHILLED ITEMS 2 % OTHERS 11 % FROZEN SHRIMP 31 % DRIED ITEM 3 % FR SQUID 6 % LIVE ITEMS 1 % CHILLED ITEMS 2 % OTHERS 3 % FR SQUID 9 % FR CUTTLE FISH 5 % FR CUTTLE FISH 7 % FROZEN FISH 33 % FROZEN FISH 13 % FROZEN SHRIMP 67 % 8
History of Indian Shrimp Industry India exports all its shrimp catch. Indians historically hardly ever eat shrimp. Before shrimp canning and freezing facilities came up in India, wild-caught shrimp was pre-cooked in brine, sundried and exported as Dried Shrimp to Sri Lanka, Burma (Myanmar) and Malaysia. The export of Canned Shrimp began in the late 1950s, mainly to the United States and European markets. 9
Frozen Shrimp exports began in the mid 1960s. Shrimp was exported in block frozen form for reprocessing in the importing countries. More advanced frozen technologies like Individually Quick Freezing and Freeze Drying facilities came up from 1985 onwards. India s total seafood exports during the last financial year of 2013-14 was 5 Billion US Dollars. In quantity terms it was close to a million tons. Of this total export of 5 Billion US Dollars, 3.35 Billion US Dollars was Frozen Shrimp, comprising 67% of the total exports. 10
Whereas, Fish exports were only 13% of total exports, followed by Cephalopods of 11% and all other remaining varieties contributed 9% of the total exports. Consequently, Shrimp comprises the single largest and most important species in value terms of Indian seafood export. 11
Of the total 3.35 Billion USD of Shrimp exported, 2.45 Billion USD was Aquaculture Shrimp, comprising 73% of total exports. The balance only was wild caught shrimp from Capture Fisheries, contributing 27% of total shrimp exports with a value of 900 Million USD. Shrimp USD 3.35 Billion Cultured Shrimp 73% - USD 2.45 Billion Captured Shrimp 27% - USD 0.90 Billion Vannamei Shrimp 81% Black Tiger 19% 12
In the current financial year of 2014-15, the total exports are likely to increase to 6 Billion USD, of which Shrimp exports will continue to be around 67% of total exports at 4 Billion USD of which Aquaculture Shrimp will be approximately 3 Billion USD which comprises 50% of total seafood exports from India. Whereas, Wild Caught Shrimp from capture fisheries will be around 1 Billion USD, which is 17% of total seafood exports. 13
The main commercial shrimp species available in Indian waters from Capture Fisheries are the following:- Tiger Shrimp - Penaeus monodon Indian White Shrimp - Penaeus indicus Indian Flower Shrimp - Penaeus semisulcatus 14
Indian Bamboo Shrimp - Penaeus japonicus Brown Shrimp comprising Metapenaeus monoceres Metapenaeus affinis Metapenaeus dobsoni Parapenaeopsis stylifera The above species of shrimp are mainly caught along the coastal and inland waters. 15
From the deep sea, we have the following 2 commercial species: Heterocarpus gibbosus Solenocera sp. In our Fresh and Brackish Water bodies, we have what we call Indian Scampi, which is scientifically called Macrobrachium rosenbergii. 16
Finally we have the Acetes shrimp species which rarely exceeds an inch in length. These occur in countless numbers in certain river mouths in the coastal waters of the North West coast of India. When caught, these are sundried either for human consumption or used as fertilizer. However, it is of little commercial value, but contributes to the bulk of the Non-penaeid shrimps. 17
Some of the types of fishing vessels & gears used historically & presently are: CATAMARAN 18
CATAMARAN LAUNCHING INTO THE SEA 19
INDIAN CATAMARAN WITH NET 20
SHRIMP COASTAL TRAWLER IN OPERATION 21
RING SEINE FISHING VESSEL 22
RING SEINE FISHING IN OPERATION 23
Before the introduction of mechanised fishing, indigenous non-mechanised crafts and gears were used like catamarans. Catamarans are still used in the East Coast of India in its coastal waters. There are other indigenous crafts using small nets made up of cotton or nylon yarns. The mechanised fishing crafts and gears for shrimp trawling were introduced in India during late 1960s through a joint venture between Government of India and Norway called the Indo-Norwegian Project with Head Quarters in Cochin. The bottom trawl nets and ring seines bring in the bulk of the wild shrimp catches in India even today. 24
Near the shore, non-mechanised crafts use trammel nets (a type of 3-walled gill nets), where the shrimps are trapped. They also use hand-operated trawl nets for shrimp fishing along inshore coastal waters during the monsoon mud-bank formation. The mud-bank formation is an awesome phenomena found along the lower part of India s West Coast and only during the peak of the monsoon period. 25
India s Wild Shrimp catch for the last decade The trend appears to be that wild shrimp catches have remained more or less steady during the last decade. The slight variation in the annual catch depends on the monsoon conditions. 26
GRAPH SHOWING COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT WILD SHRIMP CATCH LANDING OVER LAST DECADE Commercially Important Penaeid Shrimp 300.000 250.000 200.000 171.641 170.003 172.460 195.599 213.327 232.313 260.182 272.969 253.247 196.942 150.000 100.000 50.000 - Yearly average varies from 200,000 to 250,000 tons per annum 27
GRAPH SHOWING NON-PENAEID SHRIMP (NON- COMMERCIAL) LANDINGS OVER LAST DECADE Non-Commercial Unimportant Non Penaeid Shrimp 250.000 213.474 200.000 170.787 187.173 178.504 187.057 164.951 150.000 116.231 121.178 138.983 126.997 100.000 50.000-2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Yearly average varies from 150,000 to 200,000 tons per annum 28
Shrimp from Capture Fisheries is mainly along the coastline upto 15 nautical miles, the backwaters and lakes. There is virtually no deep sea fishing in the Exclusive Economic Zone for Shrimp. India has limited deep sea fishing vessels. Most of the Indian wild-caught shrimp is fished in the coastal waters between ocean depths of 5 to 50 meters, mainly within 15 nautical miles. 29
However, some boats today go beyond 15 nautical miles. The shrimp catches are highly seasonal with the peak seasons being from June to November. 30
EFFORTS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABILITY IN INDIAN CAPTURE FISHERIES As mentioned earlier, Indian wild shrimp catches have been fairly constant, with yearly quantum fluctuations varying according to climatic conditions. However, there is a serious decline in capture fisheries of certain other commercially valuable fishes and cephalopods due to overfishing effort in the coastal waters in recent years. 31
The fishing activities relating to Aquaculture, Deep Sea Fishing in the Exclusive Economic Zone and the National Fishery Research Institutes are under the Federal Ministry of Agriculture. However, coastal fisheries and inland water bodies are under the jurisdiction of the individual States. Seafood exports are under the Ministry of Commerce. India therefore, unfortunately, does not have an exclusive Federal Ministry for Fisheries, unlike its neighbouring Asian nations, that looks after all activities relating to the fisheries sector. 32
The Federal Ministry is now attempting to bring about a common conservation policy among the coastal states so that the coastal states control the fishing effort along their coastline by limiting the number of fishing boats, controlling bottom trawling, net sizes and the horse power of boat engines operating in the coastal waters. 33
GROWTH OF SHRIMP AQUACULTURE IN INDIA Though later in this seminar there is a separate presentation on shrimp aquaculture, it is imperative that I bring to the attention of this audience the spectacular growth of Indian aquaculture in the last 3 years. India exported 5 Billion USD worth of seafood during the financial year 2013-14. In fact, Indian exports have been growing over 20%, year-on-year, for the last 4 financial years, i.e., almost 150% in 4 years a remarkable achievement for any nation s export sector. 34
As mentioned earlier, the Indian seafood industry has set itself a target to reach 10 Billion USD of exports by 2020. India s phenomenal seafood export growth had been primarily contributed by the growth of Aquaculture shrimp which contributed 49% of total Indian seafood exports during the last financial year. 35
The main export was farmed shrimp of the Vannamei species, the exports of which grew from 91,171 tons in 2012-13 to 175,071 in the last financial year of 2013-14. Black Tiger exports were only 34,133 tons. Therefore, total Farmed Shrimp exports was around 209,000 tons. This current financial year (2014-15), the total aquaculture farmed shrimp production is likely to be in the region of 350,000 tons (on farmed gate head-on basis) and processed export from this crop will be around 250,000 tons compared to 209,000 tons of last year (2013-14). 36
CONCLUSION In conclusion, Indian aquaculture shrimp exports are likely to continue to grow at 20% on a year-to-year basis with more areas coming under Vannamei culture. Whereas, wild shrimp catches on Head-on basis are likely to remain fairly constant, ranging from 200,000 tons to 250,000 tons depending on weather conditions. Consequently, the processed export quantities from these landings of wild caught shrimp will vary between 75,000 to 100,000 tons, depending on the yearly catch. THANK YOU 37
THANK YOU 38