Community Water Systems and Chapter PDF Free Download

Community Water Systems and Chapter 587 Managing the Protection of In-Stream Flows, Lake and Pond Water Levels Andrews L. Tolman and Michael D. Abbott Hydrogeologists for the Maine CDC Drinking Water Program Andrews.L.Tolman@maine.gov Michael.Abbott@maine.gov 207-287-6196

Water In Maine How much is there? Who uses it? What s our Management Strategy? Should we be doing something different? How many agencies does it take to do this?

Maine s Water Resources Average Annual Rainfall = 42 inches (24 trillion gallons) 50% goes directly to run-off (12 trillion gallons) 30-40 to evapotranspiration (7-10 trillion gallons) 10-20% recharges ground water (2-5 trillion gallons)

Maine s Water Resources 1 inch of Moosehead Lake contains 2 billion gallons of water 40% of Maine s citizens use ground water for their domestic supply Portland Water District serve 200,000 people with 8.5 billion gallons annually (about 10 inches of Sebago Lake water) (source: MGS)

Distribution of water use Agriculture 1% Snowmaking 1% PWS SW 36% Paper Mills 50% Bottled H2O 1% PWS GW 11%

Maine Water Availability and use 12,000,000 10,000,000 Million Gallons Per Year 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 0 net precipitation Groundwater recharge PWS SW PWS GW Bottled H2O Paper Mills Working Together for Safe Drinking Water Snowmaking Agriculture

Bulk Water Transport

Groundwater in Maine PWS use 0.36% bottled H20 0.02% recharge PWS use bottled H20 recharge 100%

Water Extraction Regulations Targets commercial withdrawals for bottling Have been updated repeatedly DEP assesses environmental impact under NRPA for Significant Groundwater Wells DWP, with help from MGS, PUC, and DEP, permit Bulk Water Transport and smaller commercial withdrawals Towns have adopted ordinances, as well.

Working Together for Safe Drinking Water

All water is local, too Although we have plenty of water as a state, there are times and places where there are conflicts and possible shortages. Some of these conflicts are hydrologically based, and some are socially and politically motivated.

Hydrologic conflicts Usually seasonal Often drought-related Many relate to aquatic habitat and human use Mostly Coastal, where the people are

Surface Water

Water Level and Flow Rules Classic balancing test based on competing values and needs Surface water withdrawals primary focus indirect withdrawals may also be regulated if they impact habitat.

Working Together for Safe Drinking Water

Current Regulatory Process DWP assessed public water system design capacity and historical use DEP is evaluating the impact of that use on aquatic resources, and how that impact might be reduced Office of the Public Advocate would assist with economic impact of possible changes Systems with impacts will receive Withdrawal Certificates, with conditions. One is in process.

Ground Water

Groundwater belongs to the landowner in Maine And government has the right to regulate use of groundwater to provide for both human and ecosystem uses. There is ongoing discussion about whether declaring groundwater a public resource, or public trust would improve its management and protection.

State Agency Activities DEP: NRPA, Site Location, Dam permitting, water classification lead IF&W: ecosystem impacts of management DWP: public water supply uses Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry MGS: research into availability, private well logs, coordinates state efforts Agricultural Water Management Board, Irrigation Municipal Liaison LUPC: zoning and permitting for half the state

Summary Mostly, Maine is a water-rich state Coastal Maine, in late summer, on a dry year, is the exception. Even then, it s a matter of timing and storage limitation. Water is constantly moving: aquifers recharge and discharge, streams and rivers flow to the sea. The Water Resource Planning Committee brings State Agencies and water users together to help manage our water.

New (?) Challenges Derivative Works by Taoab

Climate (1958 to 2011) From Scheraga, 2013: Climate Change and Water Resources Management: An EPA Perspective presented at the Extreme Weather Events: Adapt, Mitigate, and Survive Workshop; adapted from Karl et al., 2009

Climate Data/images obtained using Climate Reanalyzer (http://cci-reanalyzer.org), Climate Change Institute, University of Maine

Climate 100000 St. John River, Fort Kent USGS #01014000 100000 Piscataquis River, Dover Foxcroft USGS #01031500 10000 10000 Flow, CFS 1000 Flow, CFS 100 10 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 1000 100 10 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Data from USGS National Water Information System, URL: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis

Climate Observation S&G Well, Fort Kent USGS #MW-ARW890 Observation Bedrock Well, Kenduskeag USGS #MW-PEW456 0 0 5 5 Depth to Water, Feet 10 15 20 Depth to Water, Feet 10 15 20 25 25 30 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 30 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Data from USGS National Water Information System, URL: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis

Climate Observation S&G Well, Fort Kent USGS #MW-ARW890 Observation Bedrock Well, Kenduskeag USGS #MW-PEW456 0 0 5 5 Depth to Water, Feet 10 15 20 Depth to Water, Feet 10 15 20 25 25 30 30 Jan-12 Mar-12 May-12 Jul-12 Sep-12 Nov-12 Jan-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jul-13 Sep-13 Nov-13 Jan-14 Mar-14 Jan-12 Mar-12 May-12 Jul-12 Sep-12 Nov-12 Jan-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jul-13 Sep-13 Nov-13 Jan-14 Mar-14 Data from USGS National Water Information System, URL: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis

Harmful Algal Blooms New Hampshire DES

Harmful Algal Blooms James Golden/University of California, San Diego

West Virginia Elk River MCHM Spill by Freedom Industries January 9, 2014: 10,000 gallons MCHM & PPH (solvent and polyglycol ether mixture) http://inhabitat.com/huge-chemical-spill-leaves-300000-withoutdrinking-water-in-west-virginia Marcus Constantino / Daily Mail via AP

North Carolina Dan River Coal Ash Spill by Duke Energy February 3, 2014: 27 million gallons water mixed with 82,000 tons coal ash Gerry Broome/AP Gerry Broome/AP

DWP Project: Storage Facility Inventory, Prioritization and Communication

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