The Spot News A publication of the ARIZON A APPALOOS A ASSOCI ATION

The Spot News A publication of the ARIZON A APPALOOS A ASSOCI ATION AAA Youth January 2012 AAA Banquet Elections Arizona National Livestock Show Events The Appaloosa Project

The Spot News January, 2012 A publication of the ARIZONA APPALOOSA ASSOCIATION From the Desk of the President Hello AAA Members 2012 has already started with a bang for the Arizona Appaloosa Association. The year started early with a return to the Arizona National Livestock Show. Exhibitors came from California, New Mexico and Colorado to attend. Doug LaSota and Curt Summers judges the show with a fine turn out in 75 degree weather. It could not have been a nicer day for the show. Congratulations to all the exhibitors for their participation and accomplishments! Two days after the show, the AAA held the 2011 year end banquet and general membership meeting. The AAA would like to welcome LuAnn Bickford and Sandy McNatt to the Board of Directors and Denis Serro as our newest alternate Director. Welcome aboard! Thirty-five members attended the banquet, a good time was had by all. Plans are set for two trail rides this year in Cave Creek and Sedona, join us for a relaxing time in our beautiful desert! Our next show will be held at Horse Lover s Park on April 22nd for a one day, one judge show, with Bruce Army officiating. As the Spring comes, we will be watching for foals from Pinckard Farms, Potter Farms, Medicine Man Ranch and the Daniels breeding operations. We can t wait to see the new babies! As always, stay tuned to Facebook or our AAA website for upcoming events! Inside this issue, find information to participate in the Appaloosa Cook Book! Mary Ann Page AAA President All club members and non-members are invited to attend board meetings. 2012 meeting schedule: 2012 Board of Directors Meeting Schedule January 8 th (Banquet & General Membership Meeting) March 8 th May 10th July 12 Sept 13 November 08 January 2013 (Banquet & General Membership Meeting) The location will be Carlos O Brien s in Scottsdale at 6:30 pm in the Private Room. The Board of Directors Meeting Schedule is published on the AAA website under Upcoming Events. 2012 2013 Election Results for Board of Directors: The AAA completed their elections for the 2012 2013 BOD elections. Please welcome: Loralea Daniel Linda Gilgosch Sandy McNatt LuAnn Bickford Sonja Berry Denis Serro, Alternate Shannon Wilson is our new webmaster. Please send Shannon any pictures of your Appaloosas! Officer & Board Member Contact Information: Mary Ann Page, President 623-444-7673 Tori Broadbent, Vice President 480-510-5635 Kathy Turner, Director, Treasurer & Member Services 623-465-4948 Sonja Berry, Secretary & Newsletter Editor 480-516-5655 LuAnn Bickford, Director 928-333-2189 Rob Pinckard, Director & Non-Pro Coordinator 480-987-1894 Kelly Potter, Director 602-576-5881 Roseann Sweet, Director 480-987-8705 Linda Gilgosch, Director 602-549-7181 Loralea Daniel, Director 6602-999-1002 Shannon Wilson, Director & Webmaster 623-465-4948 Sandy McNatt, Director 602-339-8887 Denise Serro, Alternate Director LuAnn Bickford, Point Secretary 928-333-2189 Mary Ann Page, ApHC Regional Representative 623-444-7673 Kelly Potter, Youth Coordinator 602-576-5881 The Spot News, January 2012 Page 2

2011 Year End Awards Youth: Leadline Champion: Caroline Wendell Res. Champ: Brandt Potter Walk Trot 10 & Under Champion: London Potter Youth Versatility Champion: Kendall Woellmer Res Champion: Nicole McNatt Youth Games Champion: Nicole McNatt Res Champion: Kendall Woellmer Youth Novice Champion: Kendall Woellmer Res Champion: Nicole McNatt Youth Western Champion: Kendall Woellmer Res Champion: London Potter Youth English Champion: Kendall Woellmer Res Champion: Nicole McNatt NON-PRO Non-Pro Versatility Champion: Sonja Berry Res Champion: Kelly Potter Non-Pro Masters Champion: Cindy Bowen Res Champion: Richard McDonald Non-Pro 35 & Over Champion: Mary Ann Page Res Champion: Kelly Potter Novice Non-Pro Champion: Kelly Potter Res. Champion: Sonja Berry Non-Pro Halter Exhibitor Champion: Dave Potter Res. Champion: Kelly Potter OPEN All Around Appaloosa: Wayward Willie English Horse Champion: The Boston Hustler Res. Champion: Shezahottie Western Horse Champion: Wayward Willie Res. Champion: Zips PocketRockerMMR Games Horse Champion: Miss Cocoa Gold Res. Champion: Shezahottie Most Colorful at Halter Champion: Jay Bar Roman Cloud Res. Champion: Sir Chancealot Champion Halter Stallion: Justa Arizona Cowboy Champion Halter Mare: Zips PocketRockerMMR Res. Champion: Miss Cocoa Gold Champion Halter Gelding: Jay Bar Roman Cloud Res. Champion: Wayward Willie Mary Ann Page and Cindy Bowen London Potter, Kelly Potter and Mary Ann Page Kelly Potter, Kendall Woellmer, and Mary Ann Page The Spot News, January 2012 Dr. Richard McDonald and Mary Ann Page Brielle Wendall and Mary Ann Page Page 3

Kendall Woellmer, Katie Ramos, Brielle Wendell, Caroline Wendell Shannon Wilson and Mary Ann Page London Potter, Dave Potter and Mary Ann Page Sonja Berry, Kelly Potter and Mary Ann Page Mary Ann Page and Richard McDonald Kendall Woellmer, Katie Ramos, Brielle Wendell, Caroline Wendell, Brandt Potter, and London Potter Page 4 The Spot News January, 2012

Brandt Potter Brielle Wendell Caroline Wendell Kendall Woellmer and Mary Ann Page Karin Wendell and Mary Ann Page Kelly Potter, Dave Potter and Mary Ann Page Leadliners! Mary Ann Page, Kelly Potter and London Potter Kelly Potter and Mary Ann Page John McGraw (background) and Shannon Wilson Brandt Potter The Spot News, January 2012 Page 5

2011 Arizona National Livestock Show Winners: All Around Appaloosa - Resurrected Zip MMR "Resurrected Zip MMR" owned by LuAnn Bickford Non Pro Masters - Champion Debbie Harley & "Zipped in Chocolate" Res. Champ. LuAnn Bickford & "Resurrected Zip MMR" Non-Pro 35 & Over - Champion Debbie Harley & "Zipped in Chocolate" Res. Champ. Kristine Richardson & "Toby Te" Non-Pro - Champion LuAnn Bickford & "Resurrected Zip MMR" Res. Champ. Amber Hruska & "Rozee O' Primo" Novice Non-Pro - Champion Amber Hruska & "Rozee O' Primo" Res. Champ. Kelly Potter & "Shezahottie" Non-Pro Walk/Trot - Champion Dave Potter & "Jay Bar Roman Cloud" Youth 18 & Under - Champion Colton Potter & "Jay Bar Roman Cloud" Res. Champion Jacqueline Decker & "Miss Cocoa Gold" Novice Youth - Champion Mia Serro & "Scotch Bar Prince" Res. Champion Colton Potter & "Jay Bar Roman Cloud" Walk Trot - Champion Delaney Shanks & "Call Me Kid Tardee" Res. Champion Katie Hefner & "Surely A Vision MMR" Linda Gilgosch, Gatekeeper Deluxe London Potter showing Doc s Zip N Twist Miss Cocoa Gold Scottish Reward, Kaitlin Bowen Delaney Shanks on Call Me Kid Tardee Mia Serro and Scotch Bar Prince Rozee O Primo and Amber Hruska Page 6 The Spot News January, 2012

Dave Potter and Jay Bar Roman Cloud Caitlin Raysser and Next to Perfection Shezahottie and Kelly Potter Beyond Imaginiation Beyond Imagination Jay McGinn on Hyowah MMR, Betty Smith on Chocolate Attraction The Spot News, January 2012 Resurrected Zip MMR Delaney Shanks and Call Me Kid Tardee Page 7

2011 Appaloosas on the Road While Appaloosas excel in the ApHC show ring, we would be remiss if we did not celebrate the accomplishments of our Appaloosas outside the show ring and in open events. Katie Ramos - Arizona State 4-H Finals multiple Top Ten finisher! Congratulations to Katie! Maricopa County 4-H Final Multiple Top Ten Finisher! Congratulations to Nikki McNatt America Conference Trail Horse Association Top Ten Congratulations to Katie Ramos! AERC Endurance Riding Congratulations to Sonja Berry Gymkhana participants: Nikki McNatt, Tori Broadbent, Katie and Karin Ramos, and Sonja Berry Mounted Shooting Please congratulate Diane Olsen on her super star Appaloosas, finishing the National Mounted Cowboy Shooting finals in the Top Ten! Tori Broadbent s new race horse, In Kahoots Katie Katie Ramos Ramos and and Zip Buddy is the Key Katie Ramos and Zip is the Key, ACTHA Top Ten Miss Cocoa Miss Gold Cocoa and Sonja Gold, Berry, Sonja Endurance Berry Riding Page 8 The Spot News January, 2012

Diane Olsen ranch sorting Katie Ramos and Zip is the Key Diane Olsen teaching a colt to accept a rope Brielle Wendell and Buddy, Zip is the Key Nikki McNatt, Maricopa County Finals Team Sorting on Hershey s Special Kid The Spot News, January 2012 Page 9

The Appaloosa Project is a research initiative being conducted by a team of researchers from Canada, Europe and the US. Our long-term goal is to identify and isolate the main genes responsible for Appaloosa patterning, and to investigate key physical traits associated with these genes. Coats Tailor Made: Informed breeding decisions using genetic testing Rebecca Bellone, Ph.D. and Sheila Archer copyright 2005 Published in The Appaloosa, Vol. 13 No. 1, Winter 2005 issue Coat color is an economically significant trait for horse breeders. Most breeders want to produce a particular color and pattern and work very hard to establish a breeding program with what they hope will be guaranteed results. Horse geneticists have been studying these important traits for years, so that they can help breeders make informed mating decisions to produce their desired animal. This article has been prepared with the intent of informing breeders about some of the genetic tools that are available to them. The basic coat color of horses includes black, bay and chestnut. All other colors are modifications or dilutions to this base coat. That means that if you understand the inheritance of these coat colors, you will be able to understand all of the modified coat colors as well! Figure 1 shows these three basic colors, with all their known modifications listed, so you can see how black, bay and chestnut are the underlying foundation color for each group. The inheritance of black, bay and chestnut is controlled by two interacting genes; Extension (E) and agouti (a). The Extension gene, known also as (MC1R), controls whether black or red pigment is produced. There are two forms of this gene. The dominant E form allows for the production of black pigment (also known as eumelanin), while the recessive e form is responsible for producing red/yellow pigment (pheomelanin). The Agouti gene, known also as (ASIP), controls where black pigment will be expressed. There are also two known forms of the Agouti gene. The dominant A form causes black pigment to be restricted to the points of a horse, (the points of the horse are defined as the mane, tail, lower legs, and tips of the ears) where as the recessive form, a, allows black pigment to be distributed to the entire coat. What color your horse can produce is dependent on what forms he/she inherits for both genes. All horses carry two copies of each gene, one inherited from their dam and one inherited from their sire. Therefore, the physical appearance of the horse is determined by the genetic makeup or genotype of the horse. Black horses are defined as having black pigment over the body and black points. A black horse can be produced by two different genotypes, either aaee or aaee. Bay horses have a body that is some shade of red and will have black points. One of several genotypes may produce the bay coat color, including AAEE, AAEe, AaEE, or AaEe. Chestnut horses have red bodies and red points, and their genotype may be either Aaee, Aaee, or aaee (see Figure 1). Sheila Archer, copyright 2005 Figure 1: The three basic coat colors of the horse with description of colors that result from genes that dilute the base coats. (For more on the inheritance of these genes please look for upcoming articles and refer to D. Phillip Sponenberg s book Equine Color Genetics.) Page 10 The Spot News January, 2012

The Appaloosa Project Because these two genes, extension and agouti, work together to control the basic coat color of a horse, the physical appearance of the animal is not enough to determine the genotype. In other words, we cannot predict what two horses will produce just by looking at the outside. Instead, we need to look inside the cells of the animal at a tiny molecule called Deoxyribose nucleic acid or DNA. The DNA sequence for both forms of Extension and Agouti are known and DNA tests are available for each gene. Breeders often ask us if they should perform these tests on their breeding stock, and if so which one? We hope that the following explanation will help to show when coat color testing will be helpful to you, as horse breeders, and how to apply it towards your breeding goals. Here is a classic question, one that we hear very often: I have a black mare, and I bred her to a black stud, but they produced a chestnut colt what happened? They tell us they thought black was homozygous. Well, black is homozygous - for the recessive form of the Agouti gene (genotype aa). However, a black horse can be homozygous dominant or heterozygous for the Extension gene. If you mate two black horses that are both heterozygous for Extension (genotype Ee) then you have a 25% chance of producing a chestnut offspring with the genotype aa ee. (See Figure 2). Frequently Used Genetic Terms: Genotype: The genetic make up of an organism. Example: E/E Phenotype: The physical appearance of an organism. Example: bay Genes: The basic unit of inheritance. Example: Agouti or Extension Allele: Alternative forms of genes. Example: E is one allele of the Extension gene and e is another allele of the Extension gene. Homozygous: Genotype with two of the same alleles for a particular gene. Example: E/E Heterozygous: Genotype with two different alleles for a particular gene. Example: E/e Figure 2: Mating two black horses that are heterozygous for extension (E/e) results in a 25% chance of producing a chestnut foal. Sheila Archer, copyright 2005 As you can see, just because a horse looks black does not mean it is capable of passing on black to every one of its offspring. If your goal is to produce black foals, have both black potential parent horses tested for the Extension gene! Otherwise, as depicted in Figure 2, there s a chance that you will be crossing horses that have hidden versions of Extension that are recessive. This is a very common state of affairs, and even horses from black to black pedigrees can still be hiding a recessive form of Extension. Dominant: The form of a gene that masks the expression of another form. Example: E masks the expression of e, therefore E is dominant. Recessive: The form of a gene that must be present in duplicate in order to be expressed or seen. Example: The genotype e/e has two identical recessive alleles, required to produce a chestnut horse. Page 11 The Spot News January, 2012

The Appaloosa Project Misidentification of basecoat color is something that happens fairly often with Appaloosas - spotting patterns change the way that pigment appears on the body. Often body spots are much darker than the normal basecoat color of the horse would have been, if it were not an Appaloosa. Also, horses with a high level of white patterning at birth don t show enough normal basecoat color to tell what they are genetically. For example, a dark bay leopard might have black spots, and not show any of the typically reddish areas to tell an observer that Agouti is present in the dominant form. (See Figure 3) For this reason, horses that are actually dark bay end up being labeled black, but when they are used as breeding animals, some unanticipated results can occur. Figure 3: Bay Appaloosas that look black occur frequently, as these examples show look closely at the flank area and just behind the elbow, as well as on the back of the thigh and on the sides of the muzzle. If you find reddish hairs, even just a few, the horse is probably a very dark bay, Photo credit: Marlene Ross Photo credit: Lise Jumper. Now follows another classic coat colour question: Why did my black mare that was homozygous dominant for Extension (EE) produce a bay horse when bred to a black stallion that is also homozygous dominant for Extension (EE). Even though both horses may have looked completely black there is probably red pigment somewhere on the body and therefore instead of being homozygous recessive (aa) for the Agouti gene, one if not both of these animals, is probably heterozygous (Aa). If only one of the above horses in the cross just mentioned is heterozygous for Agouti (Aa) than you have a 50% chance of producing a bay and a 50% chance of producing a black horse. If both animals are heterozygous than you have a 75% chance of producing a bay horse and only a 25% chance of producing a black horse. (See Figures 4 and 5) In this sort of situation we would have the horse(s) in question tested for Agouti. Figure 4: Mating a non-true black stallion (Aa not aa) to a true black mare will result in a 50% chance of producing a bay foal. Sheila Archer, copyright 2005 Page 12 The Spot News January, 2012

The Appaloosa Project Sheila Archer, copyright 2005 Figure 5: Mating a non-true black stallion (Aa not aa) to a non-true black mare will result in a 75% chance of producing a bay foal. Finally, one more classic question that arises from a common breeding situation: Why did I get a bay foal from crossing my homozygous black stallion to a chestnut mare? Since Agouti is only active in the presence of one or more dominant copies of Extension, it is not revealed on chestnut horses. This means it is impossible to tell by looking whether a chestnut horse carries one, two or no dominant versions of Agouti. In our example, we know from his appearance that the black stallion is homozygous recessive for Agouti he would be bay otherwise! However, the chestnut mare was able to hide her genetic status with respect to Agouti, and only revealed it by passing on a dominant copy to her foal, with the result that her offspring was bay, and not black, as the breeder expected. (See Sheila Archer, copyright 2005 Figure 6: Mating a true black stallion to a chestnut mare that is carrying a hidden dominant copy of the Agouti gene results in a 50% chance of producing a bay horse. Page 13 The Spot News January, 2012

The Appaloosa Project As you can see from these examples, if you are looking to produce a particular base coat color, it is advisable that you know the genotype for both the Agouti and Extension genes of both horses involved. This allows you to determine the probability of your desired result. It will allow you to make informed decisions when you are purchasing breeding stock, and help you to evaluate horses you have raised yourself, as to their potential to help you achieve your breeding goals. In this article, we have explored the rationale for DNA testing for the two most important basic coat colour genes - Extension and Agouti. Today there are many other coat colour tests available to horse breeders: there are many other coat colour tests available to horse breeders: Dilution affect the expression of red and/or black pigment in various unique ways Silver (Z) Champagne (Ch) Pearl (Prl) Dun (D), current test is for associated markers only White Spotting produce patches of unpigmented (white) on the body Appaloosa (LP), test will soon be available Tobiano (TO) Frame Overo (LWO) Sabino, many types suspected, test is available for Sabino-1 (SB1) Dominant White, many types identified, test is available for W10 Splashed White, several types identified, tests available for SW1, SW2 and SW3 Distributed White produce white hairs scattered through the coat Grey (G) Classic Roan (Rn), several types suspected, current test is for associated markers You may be wondering where you can have these coat colour DNA tests performed. There are several laboratories in the United States that run these tests on a commercial basis, including the Parentage testing Laboratory at the University of Kentucky Department of Veterinary Science and the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at the University of California at Davis. Other commercial labs can also be found through an online search. Regardless of the lab you chose, we hope that the information in this article will prove to be a valuable asset to you in years to come! For additional information about Appaloosa genetics, please visit us at Sheila Archer, copyright 2006 www.appaloosaproject.info. Here breeders and others interested in the topic will find resource information pages freely accessible to the public that include FAQ s about Appaloosa spotting and CSNB. Persons who wish to address questions directly to members of the research team are invited to subscribe to the site s Electronic Classroom. Page 14 The Spot News January, 2012

Appaloosa Cook Book! Be part of it! Calling all cooks! A group of ApHC Non-Pros has begun a cookbook collaboration. We are asking ApHC members to share favorite recipes for this cookbook, Spotted in the Kitchen. Proceeds from this cookbook will be used as a crisis fund for ApHC Non-Pros. Recipes can be submitted until March 15, 2012. So get all those yummy recipes and go to the following website http://www.morriscookbooks.com/ then click on typensave button on the top right hand side of home screen then Login is appcookbook and the password is broccoli693. There are several categories and it is really easy to submit. Let Mary Ann Page know if you have any questions get cookin!!!!! London Potter and Docs Zip N Twist, Arizona National Livestock Show Page 15 The Spot News January, 2012

Join Us for a Trail Ride! Saturday, March 17th, 2012 Join the AAA for a trail ride in beautiful Cave Creek! All breeds and riders are welcome. We will meet up at 9 am at Cave Creek Park. Be mounted and read to head out at 10 am sharp. The ride will last 2.5 to 3 hours. A refreshing lunch will be served after the trail ride. The cost of the ride is $12 ($6 to enter the park and $6 for lunch). Join Us! Directions: At 32nd street and Carefree highway, take 32nd street North 1.8 miles to Cave Creek Parkway. Follow the parkway to the entry and meet up at the Horse Staging Area. Hope to see you there! Please RSVP to Sonja Berry at sonja_berry@appaloosaemail.com, (480)-516-5655 or Shannon Wilson at shannon_a_wilson@hotmail.com, (623) 465-4948.

Arizona National Livestock Show A Hint of Cool, yearling colt, owned by Dennis and Toni Dean January 6th, 2012