Vertebrate Animals DOMAIN- Eukarya KINGDOM- Animalia PHYLUM- Chordata SUBPHYLUM- Vertebrata CLASS- 7 different»orders- 10 Placental mammals
Characteristics of ALL vertebrates Backbone Endoskeleton Distinct Skull Bilateral Symmetry Closed circulatory system, chambered heart
Types of fertilization Ovoviviparous: internal fertilization of egg, embryo hatches inside the parent, offspring are born live Oviparous: internal fertilization, eggs are laid externally, offspring hatches externally Viviparous: internal fertilization with live born young (as soon as the egg is fertilized, it becomes an embryo and develops as a fetus)
Class: Agnatha Hagfish a detritivore Hagfish and lampreys - Jawless & finless - Skeleton of cartilage - Reproduce sexually - Gills - 2 Chambered Heart - Oviparous Lamprey an ectoparasite
Class: Chondrichthyes Sharks and rays - Endoskeleton made of cartilage - 2 chambered heart - Paired fins - Jaws - Lateral line system (for sensing vibrations in water like an ear ) - Scales - Oviparous, Ovoviviparous, or Viviparous depends on species
Class: Osteichthyes Fish, eels, seahorses, etc. * One of the most successful groups on Earth ever! - Endoskeleton made of bones - Swim bladder - Usually, external fertilization & oviparous (think caviar) - Lateral line system - Scales different from those in sharks - 2 chambered heart (all fish!)
Class: Amphibia Frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts - Ectotherms - Need H 2 O for breeding - Metamorphosis (tadpole frog) - Gas exchange through moist skin & mouth; primitive balloon-like lungs - External fertilization - Oviparous - 3-chambered heart - Many have chromatophores in the skin for coloration, as well as poison glands for defense
Class: Reptilia Turtles, snakes & lizards, crocodiles Ectotherms bask and hide to regulate temperature* Scaly, waterproof skin Respire through lungs only** Internal fertilization Oviparous, ovoviviparous, viviparous (depending on species) 3 or 4 chambered heart Nitrogenous waste is a paste rather than a liquid for water conservation; uric acid Extinct reptiles include dinosaurs and pterosaurs, which dominated the Earth during the Triassic period
Class: Aves Birds - Endothermic - 4 chambered heart - Internal fertilization - Oviparous - Beaks and claws modified for specific niche - Classified as reptiles by many taxonomists - Digestive system modified for diet, including crop & gizzard
Modifications for flight: Feathers are modified scales for flight and insulation Hollow bones weigh less Front limbs modified into wings Air sacs to aid in breathing at high altitudes Unique muscle tissue for sustained, intense use Keel : modified breastbone for muscle attachment Migration: move long distances on a seasonal cycle to reach mating and/or feeding grounds
Class: Mammalia Humans, bears, pigs, horses, dogs, cats, whales, elephants, mice, koalas, platypus - Endothermic hair and layer of fat aid in conserving heat - Hair keratinous protein that aids in insulation - Mammary glands produce milk to feed offspring - Internal fertilization - 2 species of monotreme; oviparous - Marsupials and placentals are viviparous - 4-chambered heart
Three Categories of Mammals Monotreme: egg laying mammal platypus Marsupials: young develops outside the body in a pouch kangaroo, opossum Placental: young develops in uterus human
Class: Mammalia - Monotreme Mammals that lay eggs Hair Mammary glands: produce milk to feed young Platapus, echidna
Class: Mammalia - Marsupial Embryo develops in uterus with placenta Immature fetus is born and finishes developing inside an external pouch on mother s body Marsupials are found in Australia Opossum found in Americas
Class: Mammalia - Placental Offspring develops fully in uterus Found in every major biome: marine, terrestrial, arctic Many orders of placental mammals 10 will be discussed
Domain : Kingdom : Phylum : Class : Order: Placental Mamalia Rodentia- razor sharp teeth (rats, squirrels) Lagomorpha- fused hind leg bones (rabbits) Chiroptera- flying mammals (bats) Carnivora- eat meat (lions, tigers, wolves) Cetacea- Blow holes to breathe (dolphins, whales) Insectivora- eat insects (moles, shrews, hedgehog) Artiodactyla- even # of toes (cows, sheep, goat, pigs, hippos, camels) Perissodactyla- odd number of toes (horse, zebra, rhino) Proboscidea- trunks (elephants) Primates- opposable thumbs (apes, monkeys, humans)