The proposed HELCOM core indicators for the Baltic marine environment Samuli Korpinen HELCOM Secretariat
HS 1/2010 HS 2/2011 HS 3/2011 HS 4/2012 BD 1/2010 BD 2/2011 BD 3/2011 SEAL EG 5/2011 BD 4/2011 BIRD TEAM PORPOISE TEAM FISH TEAM ZOOPLANKTON TEAM BENTHOS TEAM BD5/2012 SEAL TEAM SEAL EG 6/2012 The CORESET process CANDIDATE INDICATORS CORE INDICATOR PROPOSALS PRESSURES FUNCTIONAL GROUPS SELECTION CRITERIA GES BOUNDARIES KEY SPECIES MONITORING INFO INTERSESSIONAL TEAM WORK METHODS PRESSURES PRE-ASSESSMENTS JAB 1 JAB 2 JAB 3 JAB 4 MONAS15 JAB 5 GEAR 1 SELECTION CRITERIA GES BOUNDARIES CORE AND SUPPORTING INDICATORS MONITORING INFO METHODOLOGIES DATA CONVERSIONS PRE-ASSESSMENTS INTERSESSIONAL WORK
The CORESET proposal for HELCOM core indicators on hazardous substances Proposed core indicators 1. Polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDE): BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154 2. Hexabromocyclododacene (HBCD) 3. Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) 4. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and dioxins and furans: CB-28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180; WHO-TEQ of dioxins, furans +dl-pcbs 5. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites: US EPA 16 PAHs / selected metabolites. 6. Metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) 7. Radioactive substances: Caesium-137 in fish and surface waters 8. Tributyltin (TBT) and imposex 9. Pharmaceuticals: Diclofenac, EE2 (+E1, E2, E3 + in vitro yeast essay?) 10. Lysosomal Membrane Stability a general stress indicator 11. Fish diseases a fish stress indicator 12. Micronuclei test a genotoxicity indicator 13. Reproductive disorders: Malformed eelpout and amphipod embryos Photo: Metsähallitus
The CORESET proposal for HELCOM biodiversity core indicators Proposed core indicators 14. Population growth rates, abundance and distribution of marine mammals 15. Pregnancy rates of marine mammals 16. Nutritional status of seals 17. Number of drowned mammals and waterbirds in fishing gears 18. White-tailed eagle productivity 19. Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season 20. Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season 21. Number of waterbirds being oiled annually 22. Abundance of key fish species 23. Abundance of fish key functional groups 24. Proportion of large fish in the community 25. Abundance of sea trout spawners and parr 26. Abundance of salmon spawners and smolt 27. Zooplankton mean size and total abundance 28. State of the soft-bottom macrofauna communities 29. Lower depth distribution limit of macrophyte species 30. Population structure of long-lived macrozoobenthic species 31. Cumulative impact on benthic habitats 32. Extent, distribution and condition of benthic biotopes 33. Trends in arrival of new non-indigenous species
BSAP follow-up system Populations +habitats Alien species Commercially exploited fish Food web Eutroph ication Contam inants Litter Noise Mammals [3] Birds [3] Coastal fish [1] Anadromousl fish [2] Macrozoobenthos [2] Macrophytes [1] New NIS [1] Fish stocks [3] Seals [1] Birds [1] Fish communi ty [1] Coastal fish [1] Zooplan kton [1] Oxygen [1] Transpar ency [1] Nutrients [1] Chloroph yll [1] POPs [8] Metals [1] Cs-137[1] Bioeffects [4] Floating, seabed, beaches, micro, ingested Impulsive + Backgrou nd noise Habitats [2]
Core indicators inform of anthropogenic impacts NUTRIENT INPUTS - Nutritional status of seals - Fish functional groups - Macrofauna diversity and abundance - Macrophytes - Benthic biotopes - Zooplankton HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES - Populations of marine mammals - Pregnancy rate of mammals - White-tailed eagle productivity - Amphipod and eelpout embyos - Imposex of snails by TBT - LMS, MN test, Fish diseases SHIPPING AND OIL SPILLS - New non-indigenous species - Oiled waterbirds FISHING (target catches) - Large fish in fish community - Key fish species - Fish functional groups - Salmon abundance and recruitment - Sea trout abundance and recruitment - Nutritional status of seals - Zooplankton FISHING (bycatch) - Population growth rate - Drowned mammals and waterbirds - Waterbird abundance (2 indicators) - Sea trout abundance and recruitment BENTHIC DISTURBANCE - Benthic biotopes (2 indicators) - Macrofauna (2 indicators) - Macrophytes HUNTING - Populations of marine mammals - Waterbirds (2 indicators)
How the core indicators cover BSAP EcoO s? Concentrations of hazardous substances close to natural levels 8 HS concentration indicators Healthy wildlife All fish safe to eat 6 HS bioeffect indicators, WT-eagle, Pregnancy rate 9 HS concentration indicators Radioactivity at pre-chernobyl levels 1 HS concentration indicator Viable Populations of species Thriving and balanced communities of plants and animals Natural landscapes and seascapes Natural distribution and occurrence of plants and animals AT LEAST... 4 mammal, 4 bird and 3 fish, 2 bioeffect indicators 2 fish, 1 zooplankton and 3 benthos indicators 1 biotope and 1 cumulative impact indicator 1 fish, 3 benthos and 1 zooplankton indicators No illegal pollution Safe maritime traffic without accidental pollution No introductions of alien species 1 bird indicator 1 bird indicator 1 NIS indicator
How the core indicators cover MSFD criteria? HELCOM CORESET project had the task to develop core indicators for the follow-up of BSAP and support implementation of MSFD (descriptors 1, 2, 4, (5), 6, 8, 9) Proposed core indicator 1.1/1.2 1.3 2.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 8.1 8.2 9.1 PAH metabolites Tributyltin (TBT) and imposex Eelpout and amphipod embryo malformations Lysosomal Membrane Stability a general stress Fish diseases a fish stress indicator Micronuclei test a genotoxicity indicator 9 HS concentration indicators Photo: S. Korpinen
How the core indicators cover MSFD criteria? Proposed core indicator 1.1/1.2 1.3 1.4/1.5 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.3 6.1 6.2 8.2 Population growth rates, abundance and distribution of marine mammals Pregnancy rates of marine mammals Nutritional status of seals Number of drowned mammals and waterbirds in fishing gears White-tailed eagle productivity Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season Number of waterbirds being oiled annually Abundance of key fish species Abundance of fish key functional groups Proportion of large fish in the community Abundance of sea trout spawners and parr Abundance of salmon spawners and smolt Zooplankton mean size and total abundance State of the soft-bottom macrofauna communities Lower depth distribution limit of macrophyte species Population structure of long-lived macrozoobenthic species Cumulative impact on benthic habitats Extent, distribution and condition of benthic biotopes Trends in arrival of new non-indigenous species
What are the gaps? BSAP: no gaps! MSFD: Non-indigenous species [supported by Baltic Environment Fact Sheets] Food webs: phytoplankton community [supported partly by Baltic Environment Fact Sheets] Eutrophication: shifts in species composition
Implications to monitoring? Mammals [3] Bird populations [2] Oiled birds Bycaught birds and mammals Coastal fish [2] Anadromousfish [2] Fish community Fish stocks [3] Macrozoo-benthos [2] Macrophytes [1] Habitats [2] Zooplankton [1] New NIS [1] Monitoring in place, only coordination Monitoring in place, only coordination and recognition of voluntary monitoring Setting up a few (selected) sites in the Baltic Setting up a monitoring method Monitoring in place, DCF data to support Monitoring in place, models to support Monitoring in place, ICES-HELCOM coord. Monitoring in place, ICES-HELCOM coord. Monitoring in place, method development Gaps in monitoring Compilation of pressure data, periodic biotope assessments Monitoring in place Supported by port surveys
Implications to monitoring? Polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDE): BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154 Hexabromocyclododacene (HBCD) Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and dioxins and furans: CB- 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180; WHO-TEQ of dioxins, furans +dl-pcbs Polyaromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites: US EPA 16 PAHs / selected metabolites. Metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) Radioactive substances: Caesium-137 in fish and surface waters Tributyltin (TBT) and imposex Pharmaceuticals: Diclofenac, EE2 (+E1, E2, E3 + in vitro yeast essay?) Lysosomal Membrane Stability a general stress indicator Fish diseases a fish stress indicator Micronuclei test a genotoxicity indicator Reproductive disorders: Malformed eelpout and amphipod embryos Gaps: Gaps: Gaps: No gaps Gaps No gaps No gaps Gaps Gaps Only project based? Gaps: Gaps: Gaps:
Finalization of core indicators Oct12 Nov12 Dec12 Jan13 Feb13 Mar13 Apr13 May13 Jun13 HELCOM meetings HELCOM34 MONAS18 HABITAT15 HOD 40 Polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDE): BDE- 28, 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154 HS 5 Hexabromocyclododacene (HBCD) HS 5 Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) HS 5 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and dioxins and furans: CB-28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180; WHO-TEQ of dioxins, furans +dl-pcbs HS 5 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites: US EPA 16 PAHs / selected metabolites. HS 5 Metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) HS 5 Radioactive substances: Caesium-137 in fish and surface waters MORS Tributyltin (TBT) and imposex HS 5 No Pharmaceuticals: Diclofenac, EE2 (+E1, E2, E3 assessme + in vitro yeast essay?) nt possible! Lysosomal Membrane Stability a general stress indicator Fish diseases a fish stress indicator Micronuclei test a genotoxicity indicator Reproductive disorders: Malformed eelpout and amphipod embryos BEAST+B ALCOFISH BEAST+B ALCOFISH BEAST+B ALCOFISH
Finalization of core indicators Biodiversity and food webs Oct12 Nov12 Dec12 Jan13 Feb13 Mar13 Apr13 May13 Jun13 Jul13 Aug13 Sep13 Oct13 Population growth rates, abundance and distribution of marine mammals Pregnancy rates of marine mammals Grey+ringe d seal All seals Porpoise (SCANS+S AMBAH) Nutritional status of seals Number of drowned mammals and waterbirds in fishing gears White-tailed eagle productivity Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season Number of waterbirds being oiled annually Grey+ringe d seal Preassessment Preassessment team: finalization data + assessme nt Prey update (ECOSEAL) Bycatch update (ECOSEAL) More countries
Finalization of core indicators Biodiversity and food webs Oct12 Nov12 Dec12 Jan13 Feb13 Mar13 Apr13 May13 Jun13 Jul13 Aug13 Sep13 Oct13 Abundance of key fish species Abundance of fish key functional groups Proportion of large fish in the community FISH- PRO FISH- PRO GER update GER update GER+PO L results? Abundance of sea trout spawners and parr WGBAST Update Abundance of salmon spawners and smolt WGBAST Update Zooplankton mean size and total abundance ZEN: Update State of the soft-bottom macrofauna Team: communities update Lower depth distribution limit of macrophyte species Population structure of long-lived macrozoobenthic species?? Cumulative impact on benthic habitats Extent, distribution and condition of benthic biotopes Trends in arrival of new non-indigenous species Baseline 2012 Update Team: update REDLIST assessm ent Pelagic communit y? WGBIFS
Next steps Core indicator format: coherence? Graphs and maps: coherence? Team meetings to : continue data compilation and fine-tune methods give detailed recommendations for sub-basin specific monitoring finalize results take responsibility on updates CORESET Biodiversity Expert Group: proposed meeting sometime in January 2013. CORESET Hazardous Substances Expert Group: proposed meeting sometime in December/January 2013.
Special thanks to those over hundred experts giving their valuable knowledge into the use of the project! Photo: Jannica Haldin