Adam Equipment DENSITY DETERMINATION KIT for AFP, AAA and AAA/LE SERIES BALANCES OPERATOR S MANUAL Adam Equipment Company 2002 ADAM EQUIPMENT CO. LTD. pn. 4144 Rev. A, October 2002
Adam Equipment Company 2002
The Density Kit allows users of the AFP (0.001g) AAA, AAA/LE series of balances to determine the density of solids and liquids directly using the internal program of the balance. The Density Determination software is available on balances types AAA, AAA/LE, and AFP 110L, 210L, 360L and 720L models, all with 0.001g readability The density function is available using the functions keys on the balances, however it may not be enabled. To enable the function see appendix A. FEATURES Easy to use - all the activities are described by a message on the display for user. Reliable (all the calculations are done by the balance). Speed of test (the result is shown immediately after the sample is placed into the water or the float is placed into the liquid). Accuracy (before every measurement the balance is automatically zeroed. The user also enters the temperature of the liquid to account for density variations due to temperature or can enter the density of the liquid directly). Possibility to print the results or to send them to a PC for further analysis. Universal (the same program is used for AAA and AFP balances). Adam Equipment Company 2002 1
COMPONENTS The kit consists of the following components. 1. Glass Float of known volume, with 2. String 3. Hook 4. Thermometer 5. Base to support beaker 6. Beaker 7. Hanger to replace pan on balance 8. Sample pan 9. Clamp for thermometer 10. Additional weights to match pan weight for ADP balances The designs of the pan replacement will be different depending upon balance series. The AFP balances will not require the additional weights. Adam Equipment Company 2002 2
INSTALLATION Take off the pan and the draft ring around the pan if the balance is equipped with one. Place the pan replacement hanger (7) in place of the pan. For some AAA balances it is necessary to place the additional weights on the vertical wires of the hanger. These weights will match the hanger weight to the pan weight. You can tell when you have enough weight as the display will show a weight value. Press Tare to re-zero the display Place the beaker support (5) over the hanger so that it does not touch. Fill the beaker with either distilled water at room temperature, alcohol or another liquid of known density. For determination of a liquid s density add the liquid to the beaker. Insert the thermometer into the liquid. Hang the sample support on the hanger if it is to be used. AAA balance with the Density Kit installed Adam Equipment Company 2002 3
MEASUREMENT OF SOLID DENSITY The following notes apply to the AAA, AAA/LE and AFP/L balances. Software AR59, AU373 and above require the pressing of the key to display dashes before entering the extended menus using the FUNC key. Otherwise simple press the FUNC key as shown below. Apply power and allow the balance to stabilise. Press the key to zero the display. Press the FUNC key until -Co- is displayed. -Co- is the code for measurement of density of a solid. Confirm by pressing the PRINT key. Press the FUNC key to select either water H2O, Alcohol C2H5OH or another liquid ANOTHER. If water or alcohol is selected the display will request the temperature of the liquid by showing the message temp 00 or te_l 00 with one digit flashing. Set the values of temperature on the thermometer by pressing : - ON/OFF - changing of flashing digit to the next digit - FUNC - increment the value of the flashing digit - PRINT - confirmation of displayed value After confirmation of the temperature value the balance will zero the display. If another liquid is selected then the display will ask for the density of the liquid. 0.00000 with one digit flashing. Using the keys as above enter the density of the liquid. Press PRINT. After a few seconds the display will show LOAD A Put the sample mass on the top of the sample pan. (The mass of the sample in the air will be displayed). When the display is stable press the FUNC key to enter this mass into memory The display will then show LOAD L to request the weight of the sample in the water. Put the sample on the low pan and drop the pan into the water. The mass of the sample while in the water will be displayed. When the display is stable Press the FUNC key to enter this mass into memory. The balance will compute and immediately display the density of the sample. The result of measurement may be sent via the RS -232 interface to a printer or computer by pressing PRINT Return to the weighing mode by pressing. Adam Equipment Company 2002 4
MEASUREMENT OF LIQUID DENSITY To determine the density of an unknown liquid it is necessary to suspend the float with a known volume in the liquid. The balance will compute the density of the liquid from the difference in mass of the float in air and in the liquid. PROCEDURE Connect the kit as described above Press the key to zero the displayed value Press the FUNC key a few times until the display shows -Li- the measurement of density for the liquid Confirm by pressing the PRINT key. The display will request you to enter the volume of float by showing VOLUME then 000.000. Enter the volume of the float. Volume has been determined to an accuracy of 0.01cm 3. The volume is stated on the hook attached to the float. The program can accept the volume of the float with an accuracy of 0.001 cm 3 if required. One method to determine the volume of the float is given in Appendix B. Set the value of the float volume using the following: - ON/OFF - change the flashing digit - FUNC - increment the flashing digit - PRINT - confirmation of the set value After confirming the volume the display will be - - - - - - - - for a few seconds then show LOAD A then 0.0000. The balance is requesting the mass of the float hanging in the air. Take off the beaker from the support. Put the float on the hanger (its mass in air will be displayed) When the display is stable press the FUNC key to enter this mass into memory. The display will then change to LOAD L then 0.0000. The balance is requesting the mass of the float hanging in the liquid. Put the liquid in the beaker then put it on the base and hang the float so that the float is suspended in the liquid. The float should be about 10mm under the top of the liquid, (its mass will be displayed). When the display is stable press the FUNC key to enter this mass into memory. The balance will compute and immediately display the density of the liquid. The result of measurement may be sent via the RS -232 interface to a printer or computer by pressing PRINT. Return to measuring by pressing. Adam Equipment Company 2002 5
ATTENTION: For best accuracy follow these suggestions. Samples should be tested more than once and the average value taken. Only distilled water should be used. The water should be at a stable temperature. The sample must be degreased. The sample should not be porous. If it is porous then special preparation might be necessary. Be certain the sample is completely covered by about 10mm of the liquid. Be certain any air bubbles are removed. Dry the sample completely between tests. Be very careful not to transfer water to the top pan when using tweezers. Samples should be 5 grams or greater. Degrease the glass float before using. Dry the float completely between each test. Be careful not to put a static electric charge on the glass float. It may be necessary to use an anti-static cleaner on the float. Wash the beaker before filling it with any liquid. Place the samples on the weighing pans carefully to avoid shocks to the balance. Adam Equipment Company 2002 6
APPENDIX A ENABLING THE DENSITY PROGRAM The function is controlled by the balance program. It is possible to enable or disable the program through the balance keypad. The following procedure allows the function to be turned on. The basic procedure is the same for all the software. However detail differences may exist between different products and different revisions of the software. The descriptions that follow are typical of the software used. If the function is disabled, the messages Co or Li cannot be seen when the FUNC key is pressed. Only the normal balance functions will be changed using the FUNC key. To enable the density function, a parameter in the balance program needs to be modified. To do the modification it is necessary to enter the service menu for the balance. This menu is described in the attached graphics. To enter the menu press the key. When the bars are shown during tare press both the and the PRINT key at the same time. The balance will request a code number to be entered. Using the ON/OFF key to select a flashing digit and the FUNC key to increment the digit enter the code number 001948. Confirm the code by pressing the PRINT key, The display will prompt you through the menu structure for the software in the balance. In general it is necessary to go to the parameter bcl The parameter bcl 1 or bcl 0 will be displayed. This is the density parameter. Use the FUNC key to change the value as necessary. bcl 0 - enables the density program bcl 1 - disables the program Press the PRINT key When the calibration function is displayed, calibr - press the CAL key. You may continue to calibrate the balance by placing the calibration weight on after the display shows LOAd - - 100. Or you can choose to skip the calibration by pressing at any time. The balance continues to the linearity calibration function CorLin You can select to set new linearity values, keep the old linearity values or set the linearity to zero. Unless you are prepared to set linearity, press PRINT to save the current linearity values. Adam Equipment Company 2002 7
The other choices when CorlLin is displayed are: CAL - set new linearity values by placing the weight called for by the balance on the pan. The weights used must be of accuracy class E2 or better. - zero the linearity corrections coefficients. PRINT - save the current linearity correction After leaving CorLin the balance returns to normal weighing. Verify the density function has been enabled by pressing the FUNC key to view the CO- and LI- messages. On the AAA and AAA/LE balances it is necessary to press then press FUNC while the bars are shown on the display to advance through the functions available. If the balance software is different from any of the examples listed below contact your Dealer or Adam Equipment for more information. Supply the software revision for your balance, it is displayed when power is first applied to the balance. Adam Equipment Company 2002 8
AFP Balances with software Revision LSE 136 Press. When bars are displayed press PRINT and together. - - - - - - - - PRINT + Using ON/OFF and F keys insert code 1948 CODE 0 0 1 9 4 8 PRINT NR BAL Set the balance number. ON/OFF=choice of digit, F=choice of value PRINT=confirmation ON/OFF FUNC PRINT PRINT Printout from EEPROM. PRINT PRINT - on ; - off or The balance displays the quantity of balance divisions. The quantity can be different and it depends on the type of balance. 40000 CAL CON Set the value of stable parameter Typically: ADP : 30-50 ON/OFF FUNC PRINT BCL Using F - changing of the value For specific gravity Parameter. FUNC PRINT bcl=1 is disabled, bcl=0 is enabled Blocking of the calibration: CAL U 0 CALIBR - Calibration of CAL FUNC PRINT the 1 - balance calibration - is temperature impossible to use correction coefficient! PRINT ATTENTE Zeroing of temperature coefficient of linearity correction Quit and return to CALIbr! ATTENTE Setting new temperature linearity correction coefficient Do not press any other keys, Press Tare to return to Calibr section. Quit and return to CALIbr OK CAL CALIBRATION Do not press any other keys, Press Tare to return to Calibr section. Press to abandon calibration or you can choose to complete calibration. CORLIN PRINT Save the corrections After calibration section the balance will go to the linearity section, CorLin. Press PRINT to keep the current linearity values.
AAA and AAA/LE Balances with Software revisions AU373 or AR60 Press. When bars are on the display press and PRINT together - - - - - - - - PRINT + Using ON/OFF, F, insert code 8491 code CorrEct 0001948 Manual linearity value corrections to be changed PRINT PRINT nrb (no. of the balance) te Enter following parameters of service menu Set the factory no. of the balance. ON/OFF select digit, F increment value, PRINT - confirmation Temperature from temp. sensor in mechanism. Press to continue VIEW LINEARITY CORRECTIONS STORED IN MEMORY See the AAA Service Manual for details of setting linearity. Con stable measure. Value (30 50). ON/OFF select digit, F increment value, PRINT - confirmation Zon_A Autozero t1_a (time interval) Value (1,5 3,0) ON/OFF select digit, F increment value, PRINT - confirmation Value 2,0 ON/OFF select digit, F increment value, PRINT - confirmation bcl for bcl 0 disabled, for bcl 1 enabled; F Key changes the value, PRINT to confirm EP Function for stable result prediction. Range 1 9. Nominal 5 F Key changes the value, PRINT to confirm 105431 Divisions from converter. Press key CAL to continue Calibr Corlin Calibrations. Press key: Press CAL to start Calibration Then press to abandon calibration -------------------------------------------------------------- CAUTION: Do not press any other key. If the warning ATTENT is shown press the eky to return to Calibr. LINEARITY. Press key: Press. PRINT to save current linearity correction Do not press or CAL. PRINT Print values of EEPROM memory. PRINT - printing ; continue without printing
APPENDIX B A method to determine the volume of the float To determine the volume of the float the following equation can be used. V A - B = [cm 3 ] p - d A - mass of float in air [g] B - mass of float in distilling water [g] V - float volume [cm 3 ] p - distilled water Density [g/cm 3 ] d - uplift pressure of air [ 3 0,0012932 p g / cm ] = [ o ] 1013, 25 d 1 + 0,0036728 t C t - temperature of air [ o C] p - pressure of air The procedure would be to measure the mass of the float in air (value A) while it is submerged in distilled water (value B) and then put the values in for the corrections for water density (p) and air density (d) at the temperature and pressure measured using other instruments. The values for water density at various temperatures can be found in most chemistry or physics reference texts. A partial list is given below. Adam Equipment Company 2002
DENSITY OF DISTILLED WATER 1 WATER DENSITY TEMPERATURE 0ºC 0.99984 g/cm 3 4ºC 0.99997 g/cm 3 10ºC 0.99970 g/cm 3 15ºC 0.99910 g/cm 3 20ºC 0.99821 g/cm 3 25ºC 0.99705 g/cm 3 30ºC 0.99565 g/cm 3 0.9995 0.999 0.9985 0.998 0.9975 Series1 0.997 0.9965 0.996 0.9955 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Density of Distilled Water versus temperature ºC 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0.99984 0.99990 0.99994 0.99996 0.99997 0.99996 0.99994 0.99990 0.99985 0.99978 10 0.99970 0.99961 0.99949 0.99938 0.99924 0.99910 0.99894 0.99877 0.99860 0.99841 20 0.99820 0.99799 0.99777 0.99754 0.99730 0.99704 0.99678 0.99651 0.99623 0.99594 30 0.99565 0.99534 0.99503 0.99470 0.99437 0.99403 0.99368 0.99333 0.99297 0.99259 Adam Equipment Company 2002
Adam Equipment Company 2002
Copyright by Adam Equipment Co Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or translated in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Adam Equipment. Adam Equipment reserves the right to make changes to the technology, features, specifications and design of the equipment without notice. All information contained within this publication was to the best of our knowledge timely, complete and accurate when issued. However, we are not responsible for misimpressions which may result from the reading of dated material. The latest version of this publication can be found at our Website (see below) ADAM EQUIPMENT CO. LTD. Bond Avenue, Denbigh East Industrial Estate Bletchley, Milton Keynes, MK1 1SW, U.K. Email: info@adamequipment.co.uk Website: http://www.adamequipment.com Adam Equipment Company 2002