Case studies in Europe Positive and Negative Examples Prof. Hermann Knoflacher TUW-IVV 08.09.2005 1
How to solve conflicts between heavy road traffic, public transport, pedestrians and cycles without new road construction Wabern in Switzerland 08.09.2005 2
Switzerland: Wabern Bern 26.000 ADT+ Tram in 6 Min 08.09.2005 3
No detour road or motorway, but reduction of space for cars + cycle lanes + priority for tram 08.09.2005 4
Priority for Tram! 08.09.2005 5
West Germany Hannover region How to fulfill the needs of the people and not the needs for car drivers 08.09.2005 6
Germany Hannover 24.000 ADT, 4 lanes but not enough space for pedestrian and cyclists 08.09.2005 7
ADT is not anymore the leading indicator! It has to be subordinated under the needs of the local society 08.09.2005 8
Trees, sidewalks, cycling, public transport 08.09.2005 9
Austria Eisenstadt, 10.000 inhabitants How to make a city liveable, economically successful an interesting tourist place and support local development 08.09.2005 10
Eisenstadt before 10 000 cars, 6000 pedestrians per day 08.09.2005 11
Eisenstadt after: 30 000 pedestrians per day plus... 08.09.2005 12
Change of structures changes the behavior 80 pedestrianisation, city taxi, traffic calming, cycle paths 70 60 50 [%] 40 30 20 10 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Year 08.09.2005 13
Austria Vienna 1,6 Million inhabitants How to change the people behavior to increase cycling, increase walking, increase use of public transport, etc. 08.09.2005 14
1909 Motorization is starting 08.09.2005 15
1964 crowded with cars, today pedestrian area 08.09.2005 16
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Austria Vienna 1.6 Mio inhabitants What happens to the city if it built motorways even as bypass roads...accidents...economy...population 08.09.2005 18
A 22 A 23 08.09.2005 19
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Number of accidents with injured people 08.09.2005 21
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Austria Vienna 1.6 Mio inhabitants What happens to the city if it builds motorways even as bypass roads...accidents...economy...population 08.09.2005 23
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A Motorway was opened in 1978 08.09.2005 25
Verkehrsauswirkungen Example:Schlachthausstreet Motorway A 23 22 000..the real system effect! 26.000 + Forecast, expectation and modelling by traditional experts 7.000 60.000-80.000 1977 1978 1988 vor 1 year after A23...10 years after A23 opening 08.09.2005 26
15.000 accidents more over the time 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 estimation Schätzung Beob observation Number of accidents with injured people 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 08.09.2005 27
Schlanders, Italy How to make a small city stronger enhance the attractivity, strenghten local economy and open new opportunities 08.09.2005 28
Parking after bypass road 08.09.2005 29
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Today: 9800 customers in a pedestrian area 08.09.2005 31
Other measures Minor but effective measures Removal of bus bays Elevated intersections Ramps for speed control Parking management Change of guidelines and regulations Introduction of market principles into the transport sector Night time ban of truck traffic in cities and sensitive regions Cycle lanes and cycle parking Roundabouts instead two level intersection Narrow lanes, wider sidewalks Etc. 08.09.2005 32
Successful change of behavior on the micro level Enterprise in Schwarzach Austria 300 employees 08.09.2005 33
View on the Medienhaus publishing/printing/tv,radio 08.09.2005 34
Information point for PT and the project 08.09.2005 35
Facilities for cyclists 08.09.2005 36
Facilities for cycle maintenance and repair 08.09.2005 37
Bus stop in front of the building 08.09.2005 38
Effects : Changes in mode share for work trips Choice of means of transport for commuting before/after 1997 1999 means of transport % % Cycle 8 8,5 Motorised individual transport - driver Motorised individual transport - passenger 73 60 6 12 Public transport 13 19,5 total 100 100 08.09.2005 39
Changes in mode share - enterprise 80 70 60 50 40 %-share 1997 ("before") %-share 1999 ("after") 30 20 10 0 Cyclist motorised individual transport driver motorised individual transport passenger public transport 08.09.2005 40
Change of mode share - employees households 60 50 40 %-share 1997 ("before") %-share 1999 ("after") 30 20 10 0 on foot cyclist motorised individual transport driver motorised individual transport passenger public transport 08.09.2005 41
And many more successful examples totally in contradiction to traditional transport planning principles 08.09.2005 42
Thank you very much for your attention! 08.09.2005 43