Photo Brian Gauvin THE ULTIMATE TUG SYSTEM

Photo Brian Gauvin THE ULTIMATE TUG SYSTEM

THE SAMSON TUG ADVANTAGE 2

TUG SYSTEM SELECTION Not an off-the-shelf decision The tow rope is arguably the single most important piece of equipment in the industry. It s the dependable connection between your vessel and the vessels in your care. For owners and operators in today s towing industry, safe working conditions, maximum service life, mitigated failure of tow lines are top priorities. Through proper evaluation and selection of high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) ropes, Samson will show you how to achieve all three. The right rope for every component. We used to talk about tow lines. However, with advances in fiber and coating technology and innovations in chafe protection, we now talk about towing systems. Selecting the right rope for each part of the towing system is not a one-size-fits-all proposition. Each component should be considered independently pendant, mainline, and backer. Based on specific needs, each component is selected to give you the best overall system and performance. We understand the factors that weigh into these decisions and will help you select the system to get the job done correctly and safely, providing the best value for your investment. We want your system to be as safe as possible for as long as possible. It may seem counterintuitive for a supplier to help you get more life out of their products; but at Samson, that is exactly what we do. We understand that adding real value to your business is how we become an indispensable partner. Knowing the intended use or application of the rope is not enough. There are a number of factors that should be considered when selecting a towing system and protecting your investment for a long service life: > Vendor expertise and support > Measuring real value cost per tow vs. cost per line > Understanding abrasion > Protecting your investment A. Rope selection B. Surface preparation C. Chafe gear > Keys to prevent line failure and extend surface life CONTENTS The Samson Tug Advantage...5 The Ultimate Towing System...7 Calculating Cost Per Tow...9 Understanding Abrasion... 11 Protecting Your Investment... 13 Extending Service Life... 14 Training, Inspection & Residual Strength Testing... 16 The Ultimate Towing System: COMPONENTS...18 Mainlines...18 Additional Working Lines...20 High-Performance Chafe Protection/Pendants...21 Tug Comparison Tables...23 DSM Partnership...24 This technical guide will help you select the towing system that is right for your operation, maintain a long service life, and lower total cost of ownership.

THE SAMSON TUG ADVANTAGE 4

THE SAMSON TUG ADVANTAGE You won t get this anywhere else The benefits of high-performance synthetic tug working lines are proven. Lightweight and ultrastrong, they reduce weight-related injuries and are easy to handle, inspect, and repair. Naturally cut and abrasion resistant, they reduce damage to deck hardware and the maintenance they require. Every rope we make comes complete with The Samson Advantage a package of services that starts with a pre-sale evaluation to help determine the best products for your vessel and the way they are used, and doesn t end until the ropes are retired. You won t find this level of service anywhere else. Our goal is to ensure safety and the proven long-term benefits of using highperformance products from installation through retirement. PRE-SALE SERVICES > On-board equipment surveys to determine the best ropes for your vessel > Surface repair / preparation suggestions Before rope selection begins, it is important to survey hardware configurations and surface conditions. Based on this survey, Samson's technical sales team will make recommendations regarding the best products for your towing system; pendant, mainline, backer line, along with chafe protection to keep your towing system performing at its peak. We will also identify necessary surface preparation that should be addressed prior to installation of the ropes. POST-SALE SERVICES > Installation assistance > Comprehensive crew training line handling, inspections, repair, splicing, use of chafe gear > Detailed, customized tow line manual > Customized inspection programs > Assistance in establishing retirement criteria > Periodic on-board inspections, training, and support We re there for installation and we stay to train your crew on proper handling and maintenance, in-service inspections, and splicing techniques. Periodic on-board inspections help determine retirement schedules based on your usage and the rope s condition. We ll show you how good recordkeeping allows you to calculate the cost per tow a true indicator of the actual value of your tow ropes. Samson s full library of resources is always available at : > Product specifications > Technical bulletins > Technical papers > Splicing instructions > Informational videos The Samson app for iphone/ipad is available for free on the Apple Store and features: > Splice instructions > Inspection checklists > Abrasion guide 5

THE ULTIMATE TUG SYSTEM COMPONENTS 6 Photo Brian Gauvin

IT S NOT JUST A ROPE, IT S A SYSTEM With high bollard pull tugs becoming the norm for harbor tugs in ship assist and escort jobs, the tow line needs to evolve to take full advantage of the tug s capabilities and capacities. Ropes made from high-performance fibers such as Dyneema HMPE are lightweight, strong, and dependable, but that s not all that s required with today s tugs and winches. Each component needs to be perfectly suited to its mission in order for the full system to provide greater efficiencies, easier handling, and longer service life. Samson s towing system has been proven to outlast and outperform any tow system on the market. The result is increased value by any measure. THE PENDANT At the business end of the line is the pendant. Once the pendant passes through the chock, you ve lost complete control over the conditions a line encounters. The pendant is designed to be sacrificial and withstand abuse as long as possible, then be replaced as needed. Because it is designed to take the brunt of the abrasion, it is often stronger than the mainline. Adequate chafe protection also helps mitigate the possibility of damage to this critical section of the tow line. Saturn-12, with its proprietary coating that reduces internal and external abrasion, is a good match for the rigors of duty as a pendant. Saturn Dynalene makes a perfect match for chafe protection. The combination provides a durable and strong pendant. DC Gard can also be used effectively. THE MAINLINE The mainline is next. This is the main strength member of the system and its longest component. It needs to be strong and pack well on the drum. Here, Saturn-12 or AmSteel -Blue have proven to be the best choice. Strong and dependable, yet lightweight and easy to handle by deck crew, these two have shown themselves to be the superior ropes in this application. These 12-strand single braids are easy to inspect and simple to splice when required. For conventional tugs working from H-bitts, Proton -8, Quantum-X, or Quantum-8 are the preferred choices. Quantum-X and Quantum-8 have Samson s patented DPX fiber technology for increased coefficient of friction in a high strength, lightweight rope that incorporates polyester with Dyneema HMPE fiber. For modern tugs working with conventional winches, where mainlines are made with traditional fibers (Class I) and jacketed with non-inspectable PP/PPE blends, Fusion-12 provides a lighter weight, inspectable, flexible, longer-lasting crew-friendly alternative. The system can be configured to meet your specific needs. If there is a potential for shock loading the mainline, add a section of rope with higher elongation than HMPE. This will allow the operator to extend the mainline to bring the higher elongation section into play during the operation. Quantum-X backer line eye-to-eye connection to a Saturn-12 mainline with Dynalene chafe protection. THE BACKER LINE The tow line system starts with a backer line that doesn t compromise the mainline s strength, but provides the best purchase on the winch drum. High-performance lines with a higher coefficient of friction, such as Quantum-X with DPX fiber technology, work extremely well as backer lines the first two layers on the winch drum. They also provide a better grip at the drums attachment point. Backer lines make end-for-end procedures significantly easier. Simply unsplice the small eye and re-splice it at the other end of the mainline. With this procedure, there is no need to deal with a clamp. 7

CALCULATING COST TOW 8

MEASURING REAL VALUE: Cost per tow vs. cost per line Don t be content to purchase new tow lines on price alone. There are other variables that should be factored into the cost equation. These factors include how long a rope is in service, the vessel type, and the operations the vessel typically performs. All of these factors will lead to the true cost of ownership of the towline. We call it cost per tow (CPT). IDENTIFYING THE CPT FOR EACH VESSEL Our program uses individual vessel history to determine the best line for specific types of operations. The first step is to collect the vessel data, usually found in the deck logs. Accurate results require a minimum of: > Information for the last four pendants used on the vessel > Number of tows performed by each line > Current status either active, retired, or failed > Rope construction and fiber type > Cause for line replacement CALCULATION Original CPT = purchase price of the tow line ( ) Number of tows ( ) before the line was retired or failed THE RESULTS One fleet who implemented a CPT program, which is in use today, realized the following after the first year of recordkeeping: > The number of rope failures had been reduced by 85% > Service life increased by 2 5.5 times the original rope In addition, the new protocol for crew training in proper handling, inspection techniques, and improved line management, further affecting the overall cost of operations. If you would like to see how using this program could benefit your operations, contact your Samson representative or call customer service to set up a meeting with one of our sales engineers. TRACKING EXAMPLE: LINE / TYPE INITIAL COST AVERAGE # OF TOWS RETIREMENT DATE COST TOW LINE A / Pendant $20,300 3,300 8/19/2016 $6.15 LINE B / Mainline $36,000 9,200 1/20/2017 $3.91 The CPT is calculated by dividing the original purchase cost of the rope by the number of tows before it was either retired or failed. 9

UNDERSTANDING ABRASION FIGURE A: Residual Strength of Tug Pendants 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 SERVICE LIFE (NUMBER OF JOBS) Saturn-12 with Chafe Gear Saturn-12 AmSteel-Blue with Chafe Gear AmSteel-Blue 3,000 3,500 4,000 THE PROOF IS IN THE NUMBERS SATURN-12 L A S T S 15 20% LONGER Residual strength based on testing 150+ HMPE ropes from four tug companies, after more than 165,000 combined pulls. 10 Photo Brian Gauvin

UNDERSTANDING ABRASION While high-performance ropes made with Dyneema fiber are naturally cut and abrasion resistant, abrasion is still one of the main causes of rope failure in ship-assist operations. If no remedial actions are taken, abrasion will reduce the rope s residual strength and ultimately affect the reliability and shorten the service life of the towline. There are two types of abrasion external and internal. Both are caused, at least in part, by the rope s movement over rough, poorly prepared and maintained surfaces. EXTERNAL ABRASION is easy to spot broken fibers at the surface of the rope give it a fuzzy appearance. Visual inspection and an appraisal of the percentage of fibers that are damaged is a relatively simple process. INTERNAL ABRASION, caused by the relative movement of strands and fibers within the rope, is indicated by broken, powdered, or fused fibers within the rope s construction. Repeated bending over fairleads, chocks, or sheaves is often the culprit here. Opening up the rope and inspecting the fibers within is easily accomplished on 12-strand or 8-strand single braids but virtually impossible on jacketed lines or double-braids without destroying the rope. Rope travel due to load Due to force WITHOUT CHAFE GEAR (HMPE ON METAL) Friction caused by poorly maintained deck hardware surfaces causes both external abrasion to surface strands and abrasion to internal strands by creating relative movement between the fibers in the rope. Rope travel due to load Due to force PROTECTING YOUR INVESTMENT A. ROPE SELECTION SATURN-12 EXTENDS SERVICE LIFE BY 15 20% WITH CHAFE GEAR (HMPE ON HMPE) External abrasion is primarily limited to the chafe gear itself, and the relative movement of internal and external fibers is greatly reduced or eliminated. Samson s Research and Development team set out to find a way to mitigate the effects of abrasion to extend the service life of synthetic rope. The best way to start was to build a better rope. Saturn-12 was developed using a proprietary coating applied to the rope s yarns during the stranding process combined with the proven performance of a 12-strand rope made with 100% Dyneema. To evaluate new product performance, laboratory testing and computer modeling can only provide part of the data. Saturn-12 needed to be tested in the field in real working conditions. In 2009, Samson solicited the assistance of longtime customer, G&H Towing Company of Texas, to partner with us to field test Saturn-12. The field trial consisted of: > 11 tractor tugs outfitted with Saturn-12 pendants > Data compiled from 35 HMPE ropes from two manufacturers > Lines used in more than 27,000 operations > After service, all ropes were then tested to destruction to assess the residual strength External abrasion without protection External abrasion with chafe protection Internal abrasion without protection Internal abrasion with chafe protection Saturn-12 proved to have 92% residual strength after 2,240 hours in service. THE RESULTS: Saturn-12 showed a significant increase in the residual strength of the rope measured throughout its service life (see figure A); more tows, safer tows, and longer service life. Consistent with Samson s drive for continuous improvement, Samson made Saturn-12 even better. It s proprietary coating has been improved for increased UV protection, and Saturn-12 is now made with Dyneema SK78 fiber, the next generation in HMPE fiber, which improves cyclic bend performance and mitigates creep in long-term load situations. 11

MITIGATING ABRASION 12

PROTECTING YOUR INVESTMENT continued B. SURFACE PREPARATION There are no synthetic lines that will perform to their maximum capability with poorly maintained deck equipment. Ignoring surface conditions can be a costly mistake, especially if wire ropes were used previously. Proper surface preparation prior to synthetic line installation can extend the life of your lines dramatically. > Scored and rusty surfaces need to be faired and repaired. > Winch drums, flanges, bullnose and chocks in the rope s path need to be inspected and resurfaced if necessary. Once the surfaces are smooth and the new ropes are installed, only minimal maintenance is required to keep the surfaces in good order. Once your towline is hauled through the ship's chocks you've lost complete control over the surface conditions it is subjected to. C. CHAFE GEAR IMPROVING THE NUMBERS EVEN MORE Once the messenger line hauls your towline through the ship s chocks, you ve lost control over the surface conditions your pendant has to withstand. Conditions your line encounters can be affected significantly by a ship s poorly maintained, scored and rusty chocks, fairleads, capstans, and bollards. The pendants and end of the mainline that are often exposed to conditions such as these are best protected with chafe gear. Properly selected chafe gear protects the strength member within, dramatically extending the service life of the towing system. It is far less expensive to replace chafe gear than it is to replace the pendant. Over the life of the tow system, this simple addition adds real, measurable value (see figure A on page 10). SELECTING PRO CHAFE GEAR There are many types of chafe gear, from relatively simple and inexpensive fabric options to those made with HMPE fiber that provide the utmost in protection. For protection against moderate abrasion, an open-braid construction is appropriate such as Dynalene. This spliced-in chafe product provides great protection to the rope while allowing easy inspection of the rope s external and internal fiber conditions. Since Dynalene is made of 100% Dyneema, it is extremely abrasion resistant, lightweight, and easy to repair in the field. For more robust protection where frequent handling around abrasive surfaces puts a premium on rope protection and snag resistance, DC Gard fits the bill. It has a tightly woven construction that completely covers the rope and is made of 100% Dyneema. Also available is TC Gard, which has the same construction but is made with Technora fiber for use where extreme heat is an issue. Samson chafe protection products are perfectly suited to combat the causes of cutting and abrasion encountered in ship-assist operations. Chafe gear extends the life of your investment, adding real, measurable value. More information on surface preparation and chafe protection is available online at under the Resources and Literature menu. 13

EXTENDING SERVICE LIFE EXTENDING SERVICE LIFE THROUGH CONSTANT CARE Getting the most out of your high-performance synthetic towing system is relatively easy as long as proper care and consideration are part of your everyday operation. Below are key activities that should be addressed to prevent line failure. Photo Brian Gauvin 1 KEYS TO PREVENT LINE FAILURE AND EXTEND SERVICE LIFE 1. Proper surface preparation, maintenance, and routine inspection A 300-microinch finish (7.62 microns) for all deck hardware that comes in contact with the rope is recommended. As long as synthetic ropes are used exclusively, resurfacing won t be required very often. 2 2. Install lines under proper tension A minimum load of 100 200 lb (45 kg 90 kg)* is recommended. Install the first three layers on winches under tension. Crisscross subsequent layers to minimize line-diving. 3 3. Prevent or remove all twist from the tow line Twist can significantly shorten rope life by causing unbalanced loading of the rope s strands. When observed, remove twist as soon as possible it s as simple as laying the rope out, and, working from the winch towards the rope s end, twisting the rope in the opposite direction until the strand crowns are straight. Use of a swivel can help prevent (or minimize) twist generated from messenger lines 4 4. Always use chafe protection Chafe protection should be used on all high-contact areas of the line. The pendant should be protected from the point where it passes through the chocks to the end of the eye. If the bullnose or fairlead is rough, chafe gear should be placed there. 14

5. Inspect the ship s chocks As you re making the approach, look for the best surface conditions for the rope. If there s a better option, it should be discussed with the pilot. It s best to avoid roller chocks in general, and any chocks that are heavily scored from use with wire ropes. 5 6. Keep a proper working angle on the rope during the maneuver The angle of the rope measured from the horizontal determines the load on the rope. In general, a short scope on the rope causes a higher working angle on the rope and can dramatically increase the load on the rope. Whenever possible, use the longest scope the towing situation will safely allow. 6 Photo Brian Gauvin If the tug exerts a force of 50 tons at an angle of 20 degrees, the actual force on the line is 50 x 1.06 = 53.0 tons 45 20 Bollard Pull = 50 tons Bollard Pull at 45 angle 50 x 1.41 = 70.5 tons ANGLE LOAD MULTIPLIER 0 1.00 10 1.02 20 1.06 30 1.15 40 1.31 45 1.41 50 1.56 60 2.00 70 2.92 80 5.76 The angle of the rope determines the load on the rope. Whenever possible, use the longest scope the towing situation will safely allow. 7 Photo Brian Gauvin 7. Line inspection Inspecting lines after each use is one of the best ways to mitigate problems. Implementing a consistent protocol for crew to follow will pay off. See page 16 for inspection guidelines and tools available from Samson. 8. Documentation and residual strength testing In order to establish retirement criteria for your vessel, documenting information about your lines and completing residual strength testing is a necessary step. See page 17 for more on Samson s residual test programs. 8 15

Regular inspections and repair as needed will extend the working life of highperformance lines. INSPECTION GUIDELINES AND RESIDUAL STRENGTH TESTING Any rope that has been in use for a period of time will show normal wear and tear. Some characteristics of a used rope will not reduce strength while others will. Below we have defined normal conditions that should be inspected on a regular basis. The following criteria should be considered when inspecting 12-strand ropes made with Dyneema fiber: Examples included herein are the most common types of wear and damage to rope and are for illustration purposes only. COMPRESSION REPAIR PULLED STRAND REPAIR WHAT > Visible sheen > Stiffness reduced by flexing the rope > Not to be confused with melting > Often seen on winch drums CAUSE > Fiber molding itself to the contact surface under a radial load CORRECTIVE ACTION Flex the rope to remove compression. MELTED OR GLAZED REPAIR OR RETIRE WHAT > Strand pulled away from the rest of the rope > Is not cut or otherwise damaged CAUSE > Snagging on equipment or surfaces CORRECTIVE ACTION Work back into the rope. DISCOLORATION REPAIR OR RETIRE Request a copy of this handy reference tool from your Samson representative, or download the Samson app. INCONSISTENT DIAMETER REPAIR OR RETIRE WHAT > Fused fibers > Visibly charred and melted fibers, yarns, and/or strands > Extreme stiffness > Unchanged by flexing CAUSE > Exposure to excessive heat, shock load, or a sustained high load CORRECTIVE ACTION If possible, remove affected section and re-splice with a standard end-for-end splice. If re-splicing is not possible, retire the rope. CUT STRANDS REPAIR OR RETIRE WHAT > 12-STRANDS: Two or more cut strands in proximity 8-STRANDS / 3-STRANDS: One or more cut strands CAUSE > Abrasion > Sharp edges and surfaces CORRECTIVE ACTION If possible, remove affected section and re-splice with a standard end-for-end splice. If re-splicing is not possible, retire the rope. WHAT > Fused fibers > Brittle fibers > Stiffness CAUSE > Chemical contamination CORRECTIVE ACTION If possible, remove affected section and re-splice with a standard end-for-end splice. If re-splicing is not possible, retire the rope. ABRASION REPAIR OR RETIRE WHAT > Broken filaments and yarns CAUSE > Abrasion > Sharp edges and surfaces > Broken internal strands CORRECTIVE ACTION Consult abrasion images* and rate internal/external abrasion level of rope. Evaluate rope based on its most damaged section. n Minimal strength loss (continue use) n Significant strength loss (consult Samson) n Severe strength loss (retire rope) WHAT > Flat areas > Lumps and bumps CAUSE > Broken internal strands > Shock loading CORRECTIVE ACTION If possible, remove affected section and re-splice with a standard end-for-end splice. If re-splicing is not possible, retire the rope. Inspection and Retirement Quick Reference Tool** During your inspection you must consider the following before deciding to repair (when possible), downgrade, or retire your rope: > The length of the rope; > the time it has been in service; > the type of work it does; > where the damage is, and; > the extent of the damage. In general, it is recommended to: > Repair the rope if the observed damage is in localized areas. > Retire the rope if the damage is over extended areas. **REFERENCES Cordage Institute International, International Guideline CI2001-04, Fiber-Rope Inspection and Retirement Criteria: Guidelines to Enhance Durability and the Safer Use of Rope, 2004. 16 *Refer to images on Inspection & Retirement Pocket Guide or Samson app

Photo Brian Gauvin Photo Brian Gauvin INSPECTION TOOLS AND REFERENCE MATERIALS In addition to performing on-site inspections, Samson offers several tools to assist crews in inspecting and repairing mooring lines. From posters for display on the vessel, pocket reference guides and online tools to a handy app for iphone & ipad Samson puts years of knowledge, as well as complete splice instructions, at your fingertips. Samson offers a range of online and print tools to assist in inspecting high-performance synthetic lines. RESIDUAL TEST PROGRAM Samson offers residual strength testing to aid operators/owners in establishing retirement criteria. Samson is home to the most robust research and development team in the industry. These resources test and analyze thousands of ropes each year. Through proper documentation and testing, your line replacement schedule will be predictable and manageable. Recording data such as hours and jobs completed in service, when and how the line is spliced, and descriptions of any damage help create a meaningful line history and useful residual strength testing. Example of line history recordkeeping. GENERAL LINE INFO. MAIN LINE END FOR ENDED PENNANT MANUFACTURER SAMSON SAMSON SAMSON LINE TYPE (Proton-8, AmSteel-Blue, etc.) AmSteel -Blue AmSteel -Blue Saturn-12 LINE SIZE TRACTOR MONTHLY LINE REPORT VESSEL NAME MONTH MARCH YEAR 2018 3" diameter (9" Circ.) 3" diameter (9" Circ.) 2-5/8" diameter (8" Circ.) DATE NEW 5/19/10 1/30/14 LENGTH NEW 600' 100' PRESENT LENGTH 450' 100' SPLICED 1/30/14 Factory DATE END FOR ENDED 1/30/14 N/A PREVIOUS HOURS 3,604 1,918.5 0 HOURS THIS MONTH 103 7 7 TOTAL HOURS 3,707 1,925.5 7 PREVIOUS JOBS 3,174 1,770 0 JOBS THIS MONTH 100 6 6 TOTAL JOBS 3,274 1,776 6 VISUAL APPEARANCE N/A Good New DESCRIBE DAMAGE TO LINE N/A Fresh end N/A WHEN DAMAGE OCCURRED N/A N/A N/A REMARKS: Cut off old eye and left attached to old pennant; end for ended hawser back to the end that was load tested in 2011 (and broke stronger than new 8" line.) Old pennant retired at 1,094 jobs, 1,232 hours, on pallet in parking lot. New Shackle 1/30/14 Samson s testing capabilities include certified elongation and break testing up to 1.1 million pounds. 17

ULTIMATE TUG SYSTEM COMPONENTS BACKER LINE: QUANTUM-X DPX fiber technology enhances grip on the winch drum. EYE-TO-EYE SPLICE CONNECTION An eye-to-eye connection retains the highest percentage of new rope breaking strength. Splicing single braids is simple and easily performed on board. WINCH-BASED SYSTEM MAINLINE: SATURN-12 Specifically designed for the ultimate in abrasion resistance to maximize service life. If your rope is often subjected to potential shock loads add a section to the mainline for increased elastic elongation. FEATURED TUG MAINLINES SATURN-12 {882} CLASS II 12-STRAND > Made with Dyneema fiber > A size-for-size strength replacement for wire at only 1/7th the weight > Decreased coefficient of friction at winch surfaces > Easy to handle, inspect, and splice > Flexible > Floats > Improved performance over standard HMPE ropes > Samson proprietary coating increases residual strength by as much as 15 20% and reduces internal yarn-to-yarn abrasion AMSTEEL -BLUE {872} CLASS II 12-STRAND > Made with Dyneema fiber > 30 40% lighter than aramid ropes of the same strength > A size-for-size strength replacement for wire rope at only 1/7th the weight > Easy to inspect > Excellent abrasion resistance > Flexible, torque-free construction > Floats > Highly flex-fatigue resistant > Maximum strength-to-weight ratio SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH Diameter (INCHES) 2" 2-1/2" 3" 3-5/8" Diameter (MM) 48 mm 60 mm 72 mm 88 mm Weight per 100 ft 87.0 lb 148 lb 206 lb 340 lb Weight per 100 m 129 kg 220 kg 307 kg 506 kg ISO 2307 Strength* 173 mt 267 mt 377 mt 662 mt Additional sizes available. Please contact customer service or see for specifications. AT CENT OF BREAK STRENGTH 10% 20% 30% Elastic Elongation Percentage 0.46% 0.70% 0.96% SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH Diameter (INCHES) 2" 2-1/2" 3" 3-5/8" Diameter (MM) 48 mm 60 mm 72 mm 88 mm Weight per 100 ft 87.0 lb 148 lb 206 lb 340 lb Weight per 100 m 129 kg 220 kg 307 kg 506 kg ISO 2307 Strength* 173 mt 267 mt 377 mt 662 mt Additional sizes available. Please contact customer service or see for specifications. AT CENT OF BREAK STRENGTH 10% 20% 30% Elastic Elongation Percentage 0.46% 0.70% 0.96% 18

EYE-TO-EYE SPLICE CONNECTION MANEUVERING PENDANT The pendant will take the abuse of rough undressed chocks and bitts aboard the assisted vessel and allow the main assist lines to be maintained. PENDANT WITH DYNALENE CHAFE PROTECTION WORKING FROM H-BITTS 8-strands work well on H-bitts, the unique square-braided profile provides additional security to wraps. MESSENGER LINE Samson recommends attaching a non-rotational braided messenger line to a grommet folded over the eye. A swivel placed within 8 feet of the attachment point helps reduce the amount of twist introduced as the tow line is heaved aboard. PROTON -8 {830} CLASS II 8-STRAND FUSION-12 {846} CLASS II 12-STRAND > Made with Dyneema fiber and a polyester overlay to provide heat resistance and grip > High coefficient of friction > High strength-to-weight ratio > Solid grip on winch drums, bitts, and capstans > Heat resistant > Low water absorption > Torque-free construction > Firm, yet flexible > Easy to splice > Made with Dyneema -polyester fiber blend > Ability to downsize and store longer lengths on winches > Easy to inspect > Higher strength than lines made of 100% polyester > Improved abrasion resistance > Lighter than lines made of 100% polyester > Reduced elongation > Size-for-size, pulls heavier loads than traditional polyester lines Not designed for use with H-bitts SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH Diameter (INCHES) 2" 2-1/2" 3" 3-1/4" Diameter (MM) 48 mm 60 mm 72 mm 80 mm Weight per 100 ft 99.0 lb 149 mm 198 lb 254 lb Weight per 100 m 147 kg 222 kg 294 kg 378 kg ISO 2307 Strength* 120 mt 200 mt 273 mt 317 mt Additional sizes available. Please contact customer service or see for specifications. AT CENT OF BREAK STRENGTH 10% 20% 30% Elastic Elongation Percentage 0.58% 0.87% 0.96% SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH Diameter (INCHES) 2" 2-1/2" 3" 3-1/4" Diameter (MM) 48 mm 60 mm 72 mm 80 mm Weight per 100 ft 93.3 lb 141 lb 204 lb 232 lb Weight per 100 m 139 kg 210 kg 304 kg 345 kg ISO 2307 Strength* 89.5 mt 146 mt 187 mt 211 mt Additional sizes available. Please contact customer service or see for specifications. AT CENT OF BREAK STRENGTH 10% 20% 30% Elastic Elongation Percentage 1.20% 1.70% 2.20% *ISO strength specifications are for unspliced rope. All other strength specifications are for spliced rope. For assistance in selecting the best line for your vessel and application, please contact your Samson technical sales representative or email CustServ@ 19

ADDITIONAL TUG WORKING LINES Additional sizes available. Please contact customer service or see for specifications. SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH Diameter (INCHES) 2" 2-1/2" 3" 3-1/4" Diameter (MM) 48 mm 60 mm 72 mm 80 mm Weight per 100 ft 78.2 lb 123 lb 174 lb 205 lb Weight per 100 m 116 kg 183 kg 259 kg 305 kg ISO 2307 Strength* 152 mt 246 mt 353 mt 420 mt QUANTUM-X {847} CLASS II 12-STRAND > Made with Dyneema -polyester fiber blend > Reduced creep in applications with static load > Enhanced abrasion resistance > Enhanced grip from patented DPX fiber technology > High coefficient of friction > Snag resistant > Easy to handle, inspect, and splice > High strength Additional sizes available. Please contact customer service or see for specifications. SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH Diameter (INCHES) 2-5/8" 3" 3-1/4" 3-5/8" Diameter (MM) 64 mm 72 mm 80 mm 88 mm Weight per 100 ft 166 lb 216 lb 207 lb 279 lb Weight per 100 m 247 kg 321 kg 308 kg 415 kg ISO 2307 Strength* 272 mt 340 mt 392 mt 500 mt TURBO-RC {861} CLASS II CORE-DEPENDENT > Dyneema core and cover > Abrasion resistant > Excellent single-drum spooling capabilities > Advanced creep properties > Drum compression resistant > Excellent wear characteristics Additional sizes available. Please contact customer service or see for specifications. SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH Diameter (INCHES) 2-5/8" 3" 3-1/4" 3-5/8" Diameter (MM) 64 mm 72 mm 80 mm 88 mm Weight per 100 ft 234 lb 327 lb 407 lb 496 lb Weight per 100 m 348 kg 487 kg 606 kg 738 kg ISO 2307 Strength* 123 mt 167 mt 204 mt 244 mt TURBO-37 {704} CLASS I DOUBLE BRAID > Polyester core and cover > Abrasion resistant > Excellent drum spooling capabilities > Excellent shock mitigation > Firm shape retention on winch > High elasticity Additional sizes available. Please contact customer service or see for specifications. SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH Diameter (INCHES) 2-1/2" 3" 3-5/8" 4" Diameter (MM) 60 mm 72 mm 88 mm 96 mm Weight per 100 ft 156 lb 221 lb 327 lb 397 lb Weight per 100 m 232 kg 328 kg 486 kg 591 kg ISO 2307 Strength* 68.0 mt 96.2 mt 142 mt 170 mt SSR-1200-8 {263} CLASS I 8-STRAND > Made with Ultra Blue polyolefin-polyester blend > 15-18% lighter than 100% polyester ropes > Durable > Flexible > High strength > Hockle resistant > Low elastic elongation > Non-rotational Additional sizes available. Please contact customer service or see for specifications. SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH Diameter (INCHES) 2-1/2" 3" 3-5/8" 4" Diameter (MM) 60 mm 72 mm 88 mm 96 mm Weight per 100 ft 152 lb 220 lb 321 lb 389 lb Weight per 100 m 226 kg 327 kg 478 kg 579 kg ISO 2307 Strength* 84.4 mt 122 mt 169 mt 204 mt RP-12 NYLON {323} CLASS I ROUND PLAIT > Made with nylon fiber > Easy to splice > Excellent wear characteristics > High strength > Mitigates shock > Pro-Gard Marine Finish 20 *ISO strength specifications are for unspliced rope. All other strength specifications are for spliced rope. For assistance in selecting the best line for your vessel and application, please contact your Samson technical sales representative or email CustServ@

ADDITIONAL TUG WORKING LINES RP-12 SSR-1200 {416} CLASS I ROUND PLAIT > Made with Ultra Blue polyolefin-polyester blend > 15 18% lighter than 100% polyester ropes > Excellent grip > Excellent heat resistance > Firm, yet flexible Additional sizes available. Please contact customer service or see for specifications. SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH Diameter (INCHES) 2-1/2" 3" 3-5/8" 4" Diameter (MM) 60 mm 72 mm 88 mm 96 mm Weight per 100 ft 160 lb 231 lb 342 lb 413 lb Weight per 100 m 238 kg 344 kg 509 kg 615 kg ISO 2307 Strength* 73.9 mt 104 mt 154 mt 186 mt QUANTUM-8 {863} CLASS II 8-STRAND > Made with Dyneema -polyester fiber blend > Abrasion resistant > Compression resistant on winch > Excellent drum spooling capabilities > Excellent grip > Flexible > Floats > High coefficient of friction > High visibility > Lightweight Additional sizes available. Please contact customer service or see for specifications. SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH Diameter (INCHES) 2-1/2" 3" 3-5/8" 4" Diameter (MM) 60 mm 72 mm 88 mm 96 mm Weight per 100 ft 144 lb 207 lb 289 lb 369 lb Weight per 100 m 214 kg 308 kg 430 kg 549 kg ISO 2307 Strength* 220 mt 311 mt 428 mt 544 mt *ISO strength specifications are for unspliced rope. All other strength specifications are for spliced rope. HIGH-FORMANCE CHAFE PROTECTION MAXIMIZING SERVICE LIFE Samson s innovative chafe protection extends the service life of high-performance lines DYNALENE {975} > Made with 100% Dyneema fiber > Coated for enhanced abrasion resistance > Easy inspection without removal > Excellent durability > Lightweight > Flexible > Floats An innovative construction that allows easy inspection without removal. Made with 100% Dyneema fiber and coated for enhanced abrasion resistance. DC GARD {706} > Made with 100% Dyneema fiber > Superior durability > Can be removed for rope inspection > Cut resistant > Lightweight > Flexible > Floats Tightly-braided cover made with Dyneema fiber provides maximum protection. Designed for use in applications where frequent handling and use put a premium on rope protection and resistance to snagging. If operating in regions where extreme heat is an issue, contact customer service for information about Samson s TC Gard made with Technora 21

TUG MANEUVERING LINE PENDANTS To ensure maximum service life of tug assist and maneuvering lines, Samson recommends the use of a Saturn-12 single-leg or strop pendant to take the abuse of rough undressed chocks and bitts aboard the assisted vessel SINGLE-LEG The industry standard overall length for a single-leg pendant is 80 120 feet (24.4 36.6 meters) with a 1 3 foot soft eye, for mating to the mainline, and a 5 7 foot soft eye for the shipboard connection. Hardware and chafe protection can be added upon request. STROP The industry standard overall length for a strop pendant is 80 120 feet (24.4 36.6 meters). Strop strength is 1.6x the single-leg rope strengths. Strop configurations can be adjusted to share the wear over the length of the pendant. Hardware, chafe protection, and additional seizing can be added upon request. SINGLE-LEG SPECIFICATIONS Saturn-12 Size Diameter INCHES Size Circumference INCHES Samson Min. Strength* POUNDS Size Diameter MILLIMETERS Samson Min. Strength* ISO 2307 Strength** 1-1/2" 4-1/2" 205,000 lb 36 mm 93.1 mt 103 mt 1-5/8" 5" 255,000 lb 40 mm 116 mt 128 mt 1-3/4" 5-1/2" 302,000 lb 44 mm 137 mt 152 mt 2" 6" 343,000 lb 48 mm 156 mt 173 mt 2-1/8" 6-1/2" 411,000 lb 52 mm 187 mt 207 mt 2-1/4" 7" 488,000 lb 56 mm 219 mt 244 mt 2-1/2" 7-1/2" 529,000 lb 60 mm 240 mt 267 mt 2-5/8" 8" 596,000 lb 64 mm 270 mt 300 mt 2-3/4" 8-1/2" 662,000 lb 68 mm 300 mt 333 mt 3" 9" 749,000 lb 72 mm 340 mt 377 mt 3-1/4" 10" 906,000 lb 80 mm 411 mt 457 mt *Spliced strength **This standard replaces BS EN 919 and ISO 2307:1995 and is for unspliced strengths. STROP SPECIFICATIONS Saturn-12 Size Diameter INCHES Size Circumference INCHES Samson Min. Strength* POUNDS Size Diameter MILLIMETERS Samson Min. Strength* ISO 2307 Strength** 1-1/4" 3-3/4" 238,000 lb 30 mm 108 mt 120 mt 1-5/16" 4" 265,000 lb 32 mm 120 mt 134 mt 1-1/2" 4-1/2" 328,000 lb 36 mm 149 mt 165 mt 1-5/8" 5" 408,000 lb 40 mm 185 mt 206 mt 1-3/4" 5-1/2" 482,000 lb 44 mm 219 mt 243 mt 2" 6" 548,000 lb 48 mm 249 mt 276 mt 2-1/8" 6-1/2" 658,000 lb 52 mm 298 mt 332 mt 2-1/4" 7" 774,000 lb 56 mm 351 mt 390 mt 2-1/2" 7-1/2" 847,000 lb 60 mm 384 mt 427 mt 2-5/8" 8" 953,000 lb 64 mm 432 mt 480 mt *Spliced strength **This standard replaces BS EN 919 and ISO 2307:1995 and is for unspliced strengths. TUG PENDANT CONNECTIONS Samson recommends the use of an eye-to-eye connection to attach the mainline to the pendant. Pendants can also be connected to the mainline by way of a cow-hitch connection (also known as "chain link" or "spectacle" connection). EYE-TO-EYE CONNECTION The eye-to-eye connection provides a suitable method of joining two ropes of similar diameter without the use of thimbles or other hardware. It yields 90 to 100% strength efficiency. AmSteel -Blue mainline with eye-to-eye connection to AmSteel -Blue pendant. COW-HITCH CONNECTION The cow-hitch connection provides a suitable method of joining two ropes of similar diameter without the use of thimbles or other hardware. It yields approximately 85% strength efficiency. AmSteel -Blue cow hitched to AmSteel -Blue pendant. Cow-Hitch Connection 22

TUG LINE COMPARISONS DRUM WORKING LINES Weight and strength data by size SATURN-12 QUANTUM-X AMSTEEL -BLUE Diameter Circumference Weight Strength Weight Strength Weight Strength inches mm inches mm 100 feet POUNDS 100 m KILOGRAMS SAMSON MBS* ISO 2307 STRENGTH** 100 feet POUNDS 100 m KILOGRAMS SAMSON MBS* ISO 2307 STRENGTH** 100 feet POUNDS 100 m KILOGRAMS SAMSON MBS* ISO 2307 STRENGTH** 2" 48 mm 6" 144 mm 87.0 lb 129 kg 156 mt 173 mt 78.2 lb 116 kg 136 mt 152 mt 87.0 lb 129 kg 156 mt 173 mt 2-1/8" 52 mm 6-1/2" 156 mm 109 lb 162 kg 187 mt 207 mt 89.4 lb 133 kg 156 mt 173 mt 109 lb 162 kg 187 mt 207 mt 2-1/4" 56 mm 7" 168 mm 116 lb 173 kg 219 mt 244 mt 97.8 lb 146 kg 170 mt 189 mt 116 lb 173 kg 219 mt 244 mt 2-1/2" 60 mm 7-1/2" 180 mm 148 lb 220 kg 240 mt 267 mt 123 lb 183 kg 221 mt 246 mt 148 lb 220 kg 240 mt 267 mt 2-5/8" 64 mm 8" 192 mm 167 lb 248 kg 270 mt 300 mt 134 lb 199 kg 241 mt 268 mt 167 lb 248 kg 270 mt 300 mt 2-3/4" 68 mm 8-1/2" 204 mm 187 lb 278 kg 300 mt 333 mt 146 lb 217 kg 266 mt 295 mt 187 lb 278 kg 300 mt 333 mt 3" 72 mm 9" 216 mm 206 lb 307 kg 340 mt 377 mt 174 lb 259 kg 318 mt 353 mt 206 lb 307 kg 340 mt 377 mt 3-1/4" 80 mm 10" 240 mm 240 lb 357 kg 411 mt 457 mt 205 lb 305 kg 378 mt 420 mt 240 lb 357 kg 411 mt 457 mt DRUM WORKING LINES Weight and strength data by size FUSION-12 TURBO-37 RP-12 SSR-1200 Diameter Circumference Weight Strength Weight Strength Weight Strength inches mm inches mm 100 feet POUNDS 100 m KILOGRAMS SAMSON MBS* ISO 2307 STRENGTH** 100 feet POUNDS 100 m KILOGRAMS SAMSON MBS* ISO 2307 STRENGTH** 100 feet POUNDS 100 m KILOGRAMS SAMSON MBS* ISO 2307 STRENGTH** 2" 48 mm 6" 144 mm 93.3 lb 139 kg 80.5 mt 89.5 mt N/A N/A N/A N/A 102 lb 152 kg 41.6 mt 46.3 mt 2-1/8" 52 mm 6-1/2" 156 mm 104 lb 155 kg 89.3 mt 99.2 mt N/A N/A N/A N/A 120 lb 179 kg 49.0 mt 54.4 mt 2-1/4" 56 mm 7" 168 mm 115 lb 171 kg 98.1 mt 109 mt N/A N/A N/A N/A 136 lb 202 kg 56.7 mt 63.1 mt 2-1/2" 60 mm 7-1/2" 180 mm 141 lb 210 kg 119 mt 133 mt N/A N/A N/A N/A 160 lb 238 kg 66.5 mt 73.9 mt 2-5/8" 64 mm 8" 192 mm 156 lb 232 kg 131 mt 146 mt 234 lb 348 kg 111 mt 123 mt 176 lb 262 kg 71.4 mt 79.4 mt 2-3/4" 68 mm 8-1/2" 204 mm 171 lb 254 kg 143 mt 159 mt 279 lb 415 kg 130 mt 145 mt 199 lb 296 kg 83.3 mt 92.5 mt 3" 72 mm 9" 216 mm 204 lb 304 kg 169 mt 187 mt 327 lb 487 kg 151 mt 167 mt 231 lb 344 kg 93.9 mt 104 mt 3-1/4" 80 mm 10" 240 mm 232 lb 345 kg 190 mt 211 mt 407 lb 606 kg 184 mt 204 mt 286 lb 426 kg 114 mt 127 mt *Spliced strength **This standard replaces BS EN 919 and ISO 2307:1995 and is for unspliced strengths. H-BITT WORKING LINES Weight and strength data by size PROTON-8 QUANTUM-X QUANTUM-8 Diameter Circumference Weight Strength Weight Strength Weight Strength inches mm inches mm 100 feet POUNDS 100 m KILOGRAMS SAMSON MBS* ISO 2307 STRENGTH** 100 feet POUNDS 100 m KILOGRAMS SAMSON MBS* ISO 2307 STRENGTH** 100 feet POUNDS 100 m KILOGRAMS SAMSON MBS* ISO 2307 STRENGTH** 2" 48 mm 6" 144 mm 99.0 lb 147 kg 108 mt 120 mt 78.2 lb 116 kg 136 mt 152 mt 92.0 lb 137 kg 131 mt 146 mt 2-1/8" 52 mm 6-1/2" 156 mm 112 lb 167 kg 126 mt 140 mt 89.4 lb 133 kg 156 mt 173 mt 104 lb 155 kg 147 mt 163 mt 2-1/4" 56 mm 7" 168 mm 125 lb 186 kg 143 mt 159 mt 97.8 lb 146 kg 170 mt 189 mt 116 lb 173 kg 161 mt 179 mt 2-1/2" 60 mm 7-1/2" 180 mm 149 lb 222 kg 180 mt 200 mt 123 lb 183 kg 221 mt 246 mt 144 lb 214 kg 198 mt 220 mt 2-5/8" 64 mm 8" 192 mm 172 lb 257 kg 198 mt 220 mt 134 lb 199 kg 241 mt 268 mt 158 lb 235 kg 216 mt 240 mt 2-3/4" 68 mm 8-1/2" 204 mm 188 lb 280 kg 212 mt 236 mt 146 lb 217 kg 266 mt 295 mt 174 lb 259 kg 237 mt 263 mt 3" 72 mm 9" 216 mm 198 lb 294 kg 246 mt 273 mt 174 lb 259 kg 318 mt 353 mt 207 lb 308 kg 280 mt 311 mt 3-1/4" 80 mm 10" 240 mm 254 lb 378 kg 285 mt 317 mt 205 lb 305 kg 378 mt 420 mt 243 lb 362 kg 327 mt 363 mt *Spliced strength **This standard replaces BS EN 919 and ISO 2307:1995 and is for unspliced strengths. 23

SAMSON & DSM DYNEEMA Strong relationship delivers customer benefits The strong and successful partnership between Samson The Strongest Name in Rope and DSM Dyneema Creator of Dyneema The World s Strongest Fiber is delivering innovative, high-quality solutions for customers around the world. As a leader in rope design and manufacturing, Samson has a long history of supplying synthetic lines made with Dyneema to all markets, with a proven track record of high performance and long service life. Samson and DSM have collaborated since 1996, when AmSteel -Blue was developed to take full advantage of the benefits of 100% Dyneema, and quickly became the most trusted steel wire rope replacement on the market. Samson and DSM Dyneema redefining the strongest and safest rope for maritime solutions. Samson has been working with DSM Dyneema since converting their first tanker fleet to AmSteel -Blue in the 1990s. Samson and DSM Dyneema leverage each other s knowledge and technical capabilities through joint development and testing programs. Such collaboration delivers the best combinations of fibers, rope constructions, and coatings to customers. The result improved performance, reliability, and service life. FOR MORE INFORMATION We ve put all our information here for easy downloading for anyone with access to the web. We think it is the best resource for information on highperformance synthetic ropes available anywhere. > Rope specifications > Product breakdowns by application and industry > Technical bulletins > Case studies > Splicing instructions COMMERCIAL MARINE PRODUCT GUIDE Detailed product information and specifications are available in Samson s Commercial Marine Product Guide. Samson App For the iphone and ipad this handy app features: > Inspection and retirement criteria > Internal and external abrasion inspection information > Splice instructions (print and video) Download it from the Apple Store. Follow us: AmSteel is a registered trademark of Samson Rope Technologies, Inc. All Samson named products herein are trademarks of Samson Rope Technologies, Inc. Dyneema is a registered trademark of Royal DSM N.V. Dyneema is DSM s high performance polyethylene product. Technora is a registered trademark of Teijin, Ltd. 2014/2017 Samson Rope Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. 109614 1.5M {11/2017} CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 2090 Thornton Street, Ferndale, Washington 98248 USA Tel +1.360.384.4669 Fax +1.360.384.0572