Hazard Assessment
Why Hazard Assessment? u29 CFR Part 1910. Subpart I uincreases Awareness of Workplace Hazards uprovides opportunity to identify and control workplace hazards u Can lead to increased productivity umay prevent an Occupational Injury or Illness
What is PPE? Equipment worn by an employee that is designed to prevent injury or illness from a specific hazard.
Before PPE uadministrative Controls Change Work Practices Change Hazardous Duties Cease Hazardous Duties uengineering Controls Sound insulation Guards Tools
Administrative Changes! For Example... Vs u Working off Ladder u Oil based paint u Sand blasting in booth u Jackhammering u Gloved hand u Working off Scaffold u Water based paint u Sand blasting in cabinet u Hole Ram u Hot Sticks
Engineering Controls u Machine Guards u Sound deadening/dampening ushielding
Controlling Hazards PPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection against hazards, but should be used in conjunction with guards, engineering controls, and sound work practices.
Assessment and Selection It is necessary to consider certain general guidelines for assessing the foot, head, eye and face, and hand hazard situations that exist in an occupational operation or process, and to match the protective devices to the particular hazard. It is the responsibility of the supervisor to exercise common sense and appropriate expertise to accomplish these tasks.
Assessment Guidelines. Conduct a walk through survey of the areas in question. The purpose of the survey (or field observation) is to identify sources of hazards to workers and co workers.
Hazard Sources u sources of MOTION u sources of EXTREME temperatures u types of chemical exposures u sources of harmful dust u sources of light radiation u sources of falling objects or potential for dropping objects u sources of sharp objects u sources or rolling or pinching objects u layout of workplace and location of co workers u any electrical hazards
In addition... injury/ accident data should be reviewed to help identify problem areas.
Organize data Following the walkthrough survey, it is necessary to organize the data and information for use in the assessment of hazards. The objective is to prepare for an analysis of the hazards in the environment to enable proper selection of protective equipment.
Analyze data uhaving gathered and organized data on a workplace, an estimate of the potential for injuries should be made. Each of the basic hazards should be reviewed and a determination made as to the type, level of risk. and seriousness of potential injury from each of the hazards found in the area. uthe possibility of exposure to several hazards simultaneously should be considered.
Selection guidelines ubecome familiar with the potential hazards and the type of protective equipment that is available, and what it can do; i.e.., splash protection, impact protection, etc. ucompare the hazards associated with the environment; i.e.., impact velocities, masses, projectile shape, radiation intensities, with the capabilities of the available protective equipment
Selection guidelines (cont.) uselect the protective equipment which ensures a level of protection greater than the minimum required to protect employees from the hazards. ufit the user with the protective device and give instructions on care and use of the PPE.
Selection Note uit is very important that end users be made aware of all warning labels for and limitations of their PPE
Reassessment of hazards It is the responsibility of the supervisor to reassess the workplace hazard situation as necessary, by identifying and evaluating new equipment and processes, reviewing accident records, and reevaluating the suitability of previously selected PPE
So how do I Do all This????
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
Job Safety Analysis The breaking down into its component parts of any method or procedure to determine the hazards connected with each key step and the requirements for performing it safely.
Job Safety Analysis Priorities unew Jobs useverity Potential uhistory of Disabling Injuries ufrequency of Accidents
Job Safety Analysis ujob means task u(changing a tire not auto mechanic) u key steps u too detailed becomes cumbersome u not enough detail becomes useless
Break job down into key steps AVOID!! umaking the breakdown so detailed That an unnecessarily large number of steps results umaking the job breakdown so general that basic steps are not recorded
Key Steps TOO MUCH Changing a Flat Tire u Pull off road u Put car in park u Set brake u Activate emergency flashers u Open door u Get out of car u Walk to trunk u Put key in lock u Open trunk u Remove jack u Remove Spare tire
Key Steps NOT ENOUGH Changing a Flat Tire upark car utake off flat tire uput on spare tire udrive away
Key Job Steps JUST RIGHT Changing a Flat tire u Park car, set brake u remove jack & tire from trunk u loosen log nuts u jack up car u remove tire u set new tire u jack down car u tighten lug nuts u store tire & jack
Hazards u Parking Car Struck by Traffic u Removing tire & jack Back Strain bang head on trunk u Loosen lug nuts back/arm strain slip & fall u Jacking up car car could fall off jack u Setting new tire fingers pinched back strain u Tighten nuts back strain slip & fall
Work Observation uselect experienced worker(s) who will cooperate and participate in the JSA process. uexplain purpose of JSA uobserve the employee perform the job and write down basic steps u Completely describe each step u Note deviations (Very Important!)
Job Safety Analysis KEY STEP HAZARD HAZARD PROTECTION PROTECTION PROTECTION
Identify Hazards & Potential Accidents u Search for Hazards uproduced by Work u Produced by Environment urepeat job observation as many times as necessary to identify all hazards
Develop Solutions ufind a new way to do job uchange physical conditions that create hazards u Change the work procedure u Reduce frequency
New way to do job udetermine the work goal of the job, and then analyze the various ways of reaching this goal to see which way is safest. uconsider work saving tools and equipment.
Change in physical conditions utools, materials, equipment layout or location ustudy change carefully for other benefits (costs, time savings)
Change in work procedures uwhat should the worker do to eliminate the hazard uhow should it be done? u Document changes in detail
Reduce frequency uwhat can be done to reduce the frequency of the job?? uidentify parts that cause frequent repairs - change u Reduce vibration save machine parts
What effects?? ua job that has been redesigned may affect other jobs or work processes. ucheck or reobserve the new process once it has been redesigned