Overview of the Justice System Colorado Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice (CCCJJ) February 8, 2008 Prepared by the Office of Research and Statistics Division of Criminal Justice Colorado Department of Public Safety
Size of Adult Corrections System 45,000 40,000 35,000 44,245 Sentenced for Felonies 75,000+ Total 30,000 25,000 35,034 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 Approx 7,000 3,800 Parole 10,198 0 Probation Jail ComCor DOC Note: DOC and ComCor figures as of 12/31/07; probation figures as of 10/31/07. Some of the ComCor figures are duplicated in the probation and DOC numbers.
740,432 Cases Filed in Colorado District and County Courts FY 2007 Criminal 6% Other County* 13% Juvenile Delinquency 2% Misdemeanor 10% Infractions (County Traffic) 13% Civil 34% Traffic (DUI, etc.) 22% * Includes Domestic Relations, Mental Health, Probate, Small Claims, a few felonies that are filed in county court, etc. Source: Colorado Judicial Branch Annual Statistical Report FY 2007
Outline for today 1. What s the system? 2. How is crime counted, and what s the crime rate? 3. Where are offenders sentenced? 4. What does this cost? 5. What are the penalties for crime? Sources of information: Handouts; Crime and Justice Report, 2006; Special analyses that Linda and Chrissy did for today, DOC and Probation Services.
Adult Criminal Justice System Crimes Reports to police Arrests Adult cases filed in court Prosecuted Convicted
3 ways to study crime 1. Surveys of households A. Victimizations (age 12+) B. If reported to law enforcement (Handouts; attacked, threaten, stolen) 2. Reports to law enforcement by public 3. Arrests made by law enforcement
National Victim Reports of Crime National survey of households (members age 12+) (NCVS) 2.3% of individuals experienced a violent crime in 2006 16% of HOUSEHOLDS experienced a property crime in 2006 Rand, M. and Catalano, S. (December 2007). Criminal Victimization, 2006. Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC. (NCJ 219413)
National Household Survey: Violent victimization rates 1973-2006 2006 The violent crimes included are rape, robbery, aggravated and simple assault Bureau of Justice Statistics website; 2006 National Crime Victimization Survey, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, December, 2007 NCJ 219413
National Household Survey: Property victimization rates 1973-2006 2006 Property crimes include burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft 2006 National Crime Victimization Survey, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, December, 2007 NCJ 219413
Victims said they do not report all crimes to law enforcement Reports to Law Enforcement (NCVS, 2006) VIOLENT Overall Aggravated Assault Rape/Sexual Assault PROPERTY Overall Personal Theft Motor Vehicle Theft 49% 59% 41% 38% 56% 81% Rand and Catalano (Dec. 2007) Criminal Victimization, 2006. Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC. (NCJ 214644)
Let s s look at REPORTS of crimes in Colorado that may or may not have resulted in an arrest
Violent vs Crime Offense Rates, 1996-2006 Colorado Violent and Property Crime Offense Rates 1996-2006 5000 4500 4000 Property 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 Violent 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Violent Crime Offense Rate Property Crime Offense Rate Violent includes murder, rape, robbery, and assault. Property includes burglary, larceny/theft, and motor vehicle theft. Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Reports, prepared by the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data available at http://bjsdata.ojp.usdoj.gov/dataonline.
How often do reports of crime lead to an arrest?
FBI arrest clearance rates, 2005 The arrest of a SINGLE person can account for lots of crimes! F2.2
Adult Criminal Justice System Crimes Colorado Reports to Police Violent vs Property Crime Offense Rates, 1996-2005 Colorado Property and Violent OFFENSE Rates 5000 Colorado Arrests 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Property crime rate Violent
Colorado juvenilejuvenile violent Violent vs. and Property property Arrest Rate, 1980-2006 arrest rates, 1980-2006 2500 What are Colorado arrest rates? 2000 Property 1500 1000 500 500 Violent 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Violent Arrest Rate Property Arrest Rate Violent includes murder, rape, robbery, and assault. Property includes burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. Source: Colorado Bureau of Investigations Annual Reports, 1980-2006. Colorado State Demographer s Office, Department of Local Affairs.
What are Colorado arrest rates? Colorado adult adult violent Adult Violent and vs. Property property Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 arrest rates, 1980 violent and property arrest rates, 1980-2006 1200 1000 Property 800 600 400 200 Violent 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Violent Arrest Rates Property Arrest Rate Violent includes murder, rape, robbery, and assault. Property includes burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. Source: Colorado Bureau of Investigations Annual Reports, 1980-2006. Colorado State Demographers Office, Department of Local Affairs.
What are Colorado arrest rates for specific crimes for adult and juveniles?
Colorado Adult Drug Violations Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Source: CBI Crime in Colorado Reports Adult Drug Violations Arrest Rates, 1908-2006 650 600 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Data is not available f or 1994. Rate per 100,000
450 Colorado Juvenile Drug Violations Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Juvenile Drug Violations Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Source: CBI Crime in Colorado Reports 400 350 300 250 200 150 10 0 50 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Rate per 100,000 Data is not available f or 1994.
2003 2004 2005 2006 2001 2002 2000 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Colorado Adult MVT Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Adult Motor Vehicle Theft Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Source: CBI Crime in Colorado Reports 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1985 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 Rate per 100,000
Colorado Juvenile MVT Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 250 Juvenile Motor Vehicle Theft Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Source: CBI Crime in Colorado Reports 200 150 10 0 50 50 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Rate per 100,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2001 2002 2000 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Colorado Adult Theft Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Source: CBI Crime in Colorado Reports Adult Theft Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 800 400
Colorado Juvenile Theft Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Source: CBI Crime in Colorado Reports Juvenile Theft Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2001 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 Colorado Adult Burglary Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Source: CBI Crime in Colorado Reports Adult Burglary Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 50
Colorado Juvenile Burglary Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Source: CBI Crime in Colorado Reports Juvenile Burglary Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 475 450 425 75 425 400 375 350 325 300 275 250 225 200 175 150 12 5 10 0 75 50 25 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
2005 2006 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Colorado Adult Weapons Violations Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Source: Adult CBI Weapon Crime Violations in Arrest Colorado Rates, 1980-2006 Reports 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1981 1980 120 40
Colorado Juvenile Weapons Violations Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Source: Juvenile CBI Weapon Crime Violations in Arrest Colorado Rates, 1980-2006 Reports 0 140 12 0 10 0 80 60 40 20 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
2003 2004 2005 2006 2001 2002 50 40 30 20 10 0 Colorado Adult Robbery Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Source: Adult CBI Robbery Crime Arrest in Colorado Rates, 1980-2006 Reports 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 20
Colorado Juvenile Robbery Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Source: Juvenile CBI Crime Robbery Arrest in Colorado Rates, 1980-2006 Reports 50 50 40 30 20 10 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
2005 2006 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Colorado Adult Aggravated Assault Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Source: Adult Aggravated CBI Crime Assault in Arrest Colorado Rates, 1980-2006 Reports 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1981 1980
Colorado Juvenile Aggravated Assault Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 180 18 0 Source: CBI Crime in Colorado Reports Juvenile Aggravated Assault Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 16 0 14 0 12 0 10 0 80 60 40 20 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Colorado adult violent arrest rates, 1980-2005 F3.4
Colorado adult property arrest rates, 1980-2005 F3.5
Nationwide: Four measures of all violent crime F2.1
Adult Criminal Justice System Crimes Reports to Police Arrests Cases Filed in Court Prosecuted Convicted
Colorado District Court Felony Filings, Actual and Projected: 1997-2011 Number of filings F i l i n g s 60000 55000 50000 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 1997 1 9 98 1999 2 0 00 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2 0 10 2011 2012 District Court Filings Projected Court Filings 2013 2014 1997 2007 Colorado Adult Adult Violent vs. Property Arrest Arrest Rates, 1980-2006 Rates 1200 Fiscal Year 1000 2014 800 600 400 200 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Violent Arrest Rates 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Property Arrest Rate 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Source: Projections by DCJ based on Colorado Judicial Branch Annual Statistical Reports, 1998-2007.
Adult Criminal Justice System Crimes Reports to Police Arrests Cases Filed in Court Prosecuted Convicted
How are felony cases disposed in court? At least 1/3 had another case with a conviction or deferral in 2006 Not convicted 19% Deferred Judgment 11% Convicted 70% 58,000 dispositions of criminal cases closed in 2006 Judicial data analyzed by DCJ. From DCJ s Crime and Justice in Colorado: 2006, page 46.
Adult Criminal Justice System Crimes Reports to Police Arrests Cases Filed in Court Prosecuted Convicted
Where are adult offenders convicted of felony crimes sentenced? Adult Placements 2006 Convicted Probation & Jail, 13.8% DOC, 21.6% Other, 3.2% Jail, 9.0% Diversion Community Corrections, 5.2% Probation, 47.2% Now, let s s break this down by violent/nonviolent/drug offenders Judicial data analyzed by DCJ for Crime and Justice in Colorado: 2006.
Where do adult violent* offenders go? Homicide, sexual assault, kidnap, robbery, assault, weapons* 100% 90% 80% Most serious conviction offense 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 33.8% 2.5% 15.2% Probation Jail Probation & Jail 44.0% 3.4% 1.2% Comm Corr DOC Other * Also includes cruelty to animals, treason, engaging in or inciting a riot. Source: Judicial data analyzed by DCJ s Office of Research and Statistics. 5,700 cases closed in 2006. See Crime and Justice in Colorado: 2006, page 53.
Where do nonviolent* adult offenders go? Burglary, theft/larceny, forgery, fraud, MVT, arson, escape* 100% 90% 80% Most serious conviction offense 70% 60% 50% 48.0% 40% 30% 20% 10% 12.6% 14.0% 4.5% 16.9% 3.9% 0% Probation Jail Probation & Jail Comm Corr DOC Other *Also Includes bribery, unspecified inchoate, contributing to delinquency, false reporting, impersonating, perjury, wiretapping, destruction of wildlife, vehicular eluding. Source: Judicial data analyzed by DCJ s Office of Research and Statistics. 27,432 cases closed in 2006. See Crime and Justice in Colorado: 2006, page 53.
Where do adult drug offenders go? 100% 90% Most serious conviction offense 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 52.9% 2.4% 12.4% Probation Jail Probation & Jail 21.7% 8.2% 2.3% Comm Corr DOC Other Source: Judicial data analyzed by DCJ s Office of Research and Statistics, 9,413 cases closed in 2006. See Crime and Justice in Colorado: 2006, page 53.
Annual placement costs in FY07 Community Intensive Supervision Probation Regular ISP Probation $3,275 $1,121 Diversion ComCor $12,457* *Offenders pay an additional up to $17/day Incarceration DRDC Colorado Reception & State Diagnostic Penitentiary Center CSP Minimum $54,790 $39,400 Security $22,578 Denver YOS Women s $68,653 CF $33,445 Community ISP Parole $8,319 Regular Parole $3,401 Female Program Sex $2,505 Offender ISP $5,038 Probation: BLUE County Jail: BLACK DOC: Red-ish ComCor: : Brown San Carlos $65,818 County Jails Up to $22,000 Restricted Minimum $23,397 Medium Security $27,302 DOC Average $27,558 $19,231 Private contract Transition ComCor $12,457* *Offenders pay an additional up to $17/day
Criminal Penalties Felony Class 1 2 Presumptive Range Minimum Maximum Life Death 8 years 24 years Exceptional circumstances (Mitigating or Aggravating) Minimum Maximum Life Death 4 years 48/ years Mandatory Parole Period Not Applicable 5 years 3 4 years 12/16* years 2 years 24/32* Years 5 years 4 2 years 6/8* years 1 year 12/16* years 3 years 5 1 year 3/4* years 6 months 6/8* years 2 years 6 1 year 18 months/2 years* 6 months 3/4* years 1 year *Extraordinary risk crimes (aggravated robbery, child abuse, drug sales/manufacture, stalking, and crimes of violence per Section 18-1.3-406)
The numbers in Colorado: Criminal Justice System 2006 Colorado Population Crime victims 4,800,000 742,560 (1) Reports of CR Cases Crimes to ALL Adults Filed in Arrested(3) Court Convicted (5) (4) 208,000 37,800 205,500 44,245 Police 7 major crimes (2) 1. Applying NCVS victimization rates to 4,080,000 Coloradoans aged 12 and over. 23 violent/1,000= 93,840 violent crimes 159 prop/1,000= 648,720 property crimes 2. 7 major crimes reported by to CBI: Homicide, rape, robbery, assault, burglary, larceny, auto theft (incidents counted by hierarchy of most serious) 3. CBI arrest totals for adults 2006 (juveniles account for another 45,000 arrests) 4. Judicial Report, FY2007 5. Includes deferred judgment; Adult felony cases filed in district court. Estimate based on DCJ s analysis of judicial data.
Summary: Crime is difficult to measure Lots of crimes aren t t accounted for Lots of cases fall out as they go thru the system Over 75,000 adults in the system today About 40,000 enter the adult system each year Sentences range from 6 months to Life Costs range from $1,121 to $68,653 per year