19 LESSON # 7 (You ll need to go to a baseball diaond.) DRAW: each of the following (use the drawing of the baseball diaond, as needed, showing where each player plays): A Pitcher A Batter A Fielder Fielding a ball A Left Fielder A Center Fielder A Right Fielder An Infielder An Outfielder A 1st Basean A 2nd Basean A 3rd Basean A Pitcher A Shortstop A Catcher The Battery (Drawing of diaond on next page) 1.
20 2. GO: out on a Baseball Playing Field. Stand in every one of the nine defensive positions, and nae the position as you stand there. Then, stand where the batter stands.
21 GO: with a ball, a bat, and a glove, while standing on a field, and using your body, do each of the following: The pitcher throwing the ball toward a batter at hoe plate The hitter swinging at a pitched ball. The hitter running to 1st base after hitting a ball. A Shortstop trying to stop a hit ball on the ground. The Shortstop throwing the ball to 1st base, to try to get the hitter out. 3.
22 LESSON # 8 1. FULLY UNDERSTAND THE WORD: Scored- 1) To have an accoplishent officially written down, in a sport. 2) To have officially accoplished a goal in a sport. Offensive- (Or to be On the Offense) The tea attepting to do soething. Defensive- (Or to be On Defense) The tea attepting to stop the Offensive tea. Directly- Exactly. Autoatically- Right away, without anything else needing to occur. Intentionally- On purpose; done because one wanted to do it. 2. READ AND FULLY UNDERSTAND: AND MORE ON HOW BASEBALL IS PLAYED The goal in baseball, the way you WIN, is by having scored ore runs than the other tea, at the end of the gae. Runs are scored by the tea at bat. This is the tea on the offensive. Their players go up to bat one at a tie. Each batter carries a baseball bat. The batter s turn to try and hit the ball is called an at bat. The batter takes his at bat at hoe plate, standing on a sall box-shaped area arked in chalk which surrounds Hoe Plate. This area is called the batter s box. The batter waits for the pitcher to throw the ball. The thrown ball by the pitcher is called the pitch. If the batter thinks the pitch is a good pitch to hit, he will try to hit the ball. This attept to hit the ball with the bat is called a swing. If the batter swings and isses hitting the ball, it s called a strike. The batter is only allowed three strikes every at-bat. Upon receiving his third strike, his turn at bat is over. This is called a strike out. The pitcher ust throw the ball so it sails directly over the Hoe Plate, but also passes by the batter at a height between the batter s shoulders and his knees. If the pitcher succeeds in throwing a pitch over the plate, and at a height between the
23 batter s shoulders and knees, the ball is a strike whether the batter swings and isses, or even if the batter chooses not to swing at all. Why would the batter not swing, then? Because if the pitcher fails to throw the ball over the plate, and between the batter s shoulders and knees in height, the pitch is not a strike, but instead is called a ball. If the pitcher throws four balls during a batter s at bat, the batter gets to autoatically go to first base. So how does a tea score runs, and win the gae? By oving batters fro Hoe Plate, to First, to Second, to Third, and back Hoe again. A batter who goes all around the bases scores a run. The tea with the ost runs at the end of a gae wins the gae. 3. DRAW: Each batter who coes up to bat gets to stay up at bat until one of several things happens. 1) The batter strikes out. 2) The batter receives four balls fro the pitcher, and autoatically walks to first base. This is called a walk. Soeties the pitcher intentionally walks a batter, because he would rather pitch seriously to the next batter to coe up. This is called an intentional walk. 3) The batter hits the ball. He then attepts to run to first base, before a fielder can stop the ball and throw it to first base. If the ball is hit on the ground, stopped by a fielder, and thrown to first base before the batter can run the 90 feet to get there, the batter is out. If the batter beats the throw, and arrives at first base before the throw, then the batter is safe. This is called a hit. If he gets to First Base safely, the hit is called a single. The goal in baseball. Who can score a run. An At Bat The Batter s Box A Pitch A Swing A Strike A Strike Out A Ball (the pitch that isn t a strike) A Walk An Intentional Walk A Hit An Out Being fe A Single How a run is scored. How a tea wins a gae of baseball.
24 LESSON # 9 (A long lesson, due to the fil, about 2 hours.) 1. WATCH: the featurette (a short fil), Just Pals. (This ten inute fil shows Babe Ruth, probably the greatest professional baseball player in history, teaching a boy how to bat.) http://www.youtube.co/watch?v=tyyxnsggfpm 2. WATCH: Paying special attention to how these en hold and swing a bat, with the sound off, watch fro Ken Burn s Baseball, episode (Inning) Six, fro: (This shows one of the greatest hitters in history, Ted Willias, swinging the bat several ties.) https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=u7lctdf7q4i Willias talking about swinging the bat, with any exas as he discusses the swing of faous ball players! Watch it all! https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=tcqmt-ouyj0 (Joe DiMaggio, another of the greatest hitters ever.) https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=2_u-68i11ye https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=fta_w0htvr8 (Mickey Mantle, another great hitter.) https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=1orw6ysdn2o https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=7fufhndimco (Pete Rose, who had ore hits than any player in baseball history.) http://www.youtube.co/watch?v=huda3vqupn4&feature=related
25 EXERCISE: Take your bat outside. Away fro anyone or anything, take 50 swings. (Be careful not to hit yourself with the bat!) 3.
26 LESSON # 10 1. WATCH: ore fil of great hitters. Here s Willie Mays, who any think was the greatest baseball player of all tie. http://www.youtube.co/watch?v=llabh4aiqe0&feature=related (Cal Ripkin talks about batting.) Part I http://www.youtube.co/watch?v=szsy0nsieao&feature=related Part II https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=gvrmzc6f32q (A good coach explains hitting and ways to practice.) http://www.youtube.co/watch?v=l6qx3flks&feature=related (A slow-otion swing by a great hitter.) http://www.youtube.co/watch?v=finsysvxbd0 (Mel Ott, great hitter with an unusual style.) https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=g67krs5fvdo (Stan Musial, another great hitter.) https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=6bkhd9qzilc https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=bojr6ib1pbe 2. EXERCISE: During a second practice session, take 75 swings. Write 50 words or ore on what you learned about swinging a bat, so far.
27 LESSON # 11: (The student will need a partner for this lesson.) 1. WATCH: Paying special attention to how these en hold and pitch a ball. (ndy Koufax, perhaps the greatest left-handed pitcher in history.) http://www.youtube.co/watch?v=wdgmxfbhlp0 https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=idaxs6b6lm https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=y8h6uc7ldvu (Bob Gibson.) http://www.youtube.co/watch?v=gnftqmxzs4q&feature=related (Bob Feller.) https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=dg5x8pb9_7o (Nolan Ryan, one of the greatest pitchers.) https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=-azhpuss9jo https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=ptesocpqbu Nolan Ryan teaches kids to pitch!!! A 1/2 hour, watch it all. https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=t8bsnsfzhtw The fastest pitch ever, 108 iles per hour! https://www.youtube.co/watch?v=ngubly4hphw Watch again. Look at where their ars are when they actually release the ball toward Hoe Plate. Look at what they re looking at when they release the ball. Watch how their throwing ar sees to point at Hoe, as they release the ball. Watch until you understand pretty well the echanics (the physical oveent) of their pitches.
28 EXERCISE: With a partner, and the baseball, go outside, away fro anyone and anything. On a wall or gate (without windows, and one no one cares about the paint job), ark in chalk an area fro your knees, up to your shoulders, and about two feet wide. This will ake a rectangle. Stand 20 feet away or so. Throw the ball, attepting each tie to get the ball into this area. Do this at least 40 ties a day, and keep doing it until you can throw the ball into this area 5 ties in a row. Each day you do not succeed at this, go back and watch Koufax and the other pitchers, in #1 above. Look at where their ars are when they actually release the ball toward Hoe Plate. Look at what they re looking at when they release the ball. Watch how their throwing ar sees to point at Hoe, as they release the ball. 2.
29 LESSON # 12 1. FULLY UNDERSTAND THE WORD: Accidentally- Not on purpose, a istake. Leisurely- Without any sense of needing to hurry or run; in a slow and relaxed anner. 2. READ AND FULLY UNDERSTAND: YES, MORE If the pitcher accidentally hits the batter with a pitch, the batter gets to autoatically go to first base. This is called being hit by the pitch. If the batter hits the ball in the air, which is called a fly or fly ball, and a fielder catches the ball before it hits the ground, the batter is out. This is called a fly out. This is true, even if the ball is caught outside the playing area by a fielder, in foul territory. If the batter has fewer than two strikes, and he hits a ball into foul territory (which is called a foul, or a foul ball) that is not caught, that counts as a strike against the batter. If the batter already has two strikes and hits a foul ball that is not caught, it s as if the pitch never happened, and the at bat continues. Soeties, a batter hits the ball so hard or so well, that he can get past first base, and even run to second or third base before the fielders can throw the ball there. If the batter arrives at second base before the ball, the hit is called a double. If the batter arrives safely at third base before the ball, the hit is called a tri. It is the fielder s job to get the ball and throw it to whichever base the batter is trying to get to before the batter gets there. It is the batter s job to get to base before the ball. If he hits the ball in fair territory, whether it s caught or not, it s called a fair ball, in that the ball is in play, and whatever happens counts. This is also called a live ball. Once the batter actually hits the ball in fair territory, he is no longer a batter. He is a base runner, or the runner. This is because he is now running, and is not allowed to carry his bat, which he tosses away as he starts to run. Soeties, a ball is hit hard, and landing, bounces in fair territory. Fair territory is anywhere inside the lines arked in chalk which indicate the liits of the Playing Field. If the ball bounces in fair territory without being stopped, and bounces over a wall and out of reach of a fielder, the runner goes iediately to second base (after
30 aking sure he touches first base with his foot. A runner ust ALWAYS touch each base he passes.) This is called a ground rule double. Soeties, a batter hits the ball so hard, it goes over the back fence, between the foul poles, without being caught by a fielder, and without touching the ground. This is called a hoe run, or a hoer. When a batter does this, it is autoatically counted as a run, and the batter leisurely walks around all the bases and returns hoe. 3. DRAW: Being Hit by the Pitcher, and what happens to the batter A Foul, or a Foul Ball A Fly, or Fly Ball A Fly Out What happens when a Fly Ball is caught in Foul Territory. A Double A Tri. A Fair Ball A Live Ball A Base Runner, or the Runner Fair Territory A Ground Rule Double A Hoe Run, or Hoer 4. FULLY UNDERSTAND THE WORD: Crafty- Sneaky, clever. Covering The Base- When an infielder is assigned the job of staying near a base, because there will soon be a play, like a throw to try to get a runner out, at that base. 5. READ AND FULLY UNDERSTAND: THERE S SO MUCH MORE! Often, a batter who was up before the present batter has gotten on base. These batters who ade it on base earlier are now runners. It often happens that a batter has an at bat, while there are base runners on his tea who are already on 1st, 2nd, 3rd Base, or even all of the above. (When there are runners on all three bases, it s called bases loaded.)
31 It s the batter s job to hit the ball so well, that the fielders cannot get any of the runners out. When the batter hits the ball, a runner on 1st Base will try to go to 2nd, a runner on 2nd will try to 3rd Base, and a runner on 3rd base will try to coe Hoe and score a run. (This is also called scoring, or a score.) If they can, runners will try to take two bases, or ore. Soeties, with a runner on base, a hitter will hit the ball on the ground. The runner, say on 1st, tries to go to 2nd. A fielder stops the ball, and he has a choice to ake. Get the guy running to 1st out, or try to get the guy running fro 1st to 2nd. If possible, the fielder will get the guy out running to the base closest to scoring at hoe. If he gets the guy out at 2nd, this is called a fielder s choice. Yes, the an who hit the ball is safe at 1st, but the an at 2nd is out. Soeties, a runner will suddenly run to the next base, even as the pitcher is about to pitch the ball toward the batter. If the runner can get to the next base before the catcher gets the ball and throws it there, the runner is safe. This is called a steal, as the runner has stolen the base. 6. DRAW: If, on the other hand, the crafty pitcher is waiting for the runner to try to steal, and the runner runs as the pitcher, instead of throwing toward Hoe, fools everyone and throws the ball instead to the fielder covering the base the runner is running fro, and assuing the pitcher gets the ball to that fielder (the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd Basean) before the runner can GET BACK to that base he ran fro, then the runner is out on a pick off. A Runner on 1st Base A Runner on 2nd Base A Runner on 3rd Base Runners on 1st and 3rd Runners on 2nd and 3rd Bases Loaded When a batter becoes a Runner Throwing a Runner Out A Ground Ball (one the hitter has hit) A Fielder s Choice, where there s a Runner on 1st Base when the Hitter hits the ball. A Fielder s Choice, where there s Runners on 1st and 2nd. A Runner on 1st, trying to Steal 2nd. A Steal A Pick Off
32 7. FULLY UNDERSTAND THE WORD: Ground Ball - A ball hit by the batter, that rolls on the ground. Unassisted- Without any help fro others. Error- A istake. 8. READ AND FULLY UNDERSTAND: OH NO, NOT MORE! The tea on defense is attepting to get three batters or runners out before any runs are scored in the inning. If a batter hits a fly ball and it s caught, that s an out. If a batter hits a ground ball, and the fielder can get the ball to one of the bases faster than a runner who is trying to get to that base, the runner is out. (If it s not the batter the fielder throws out, but rather a runner who is thrown out, trying to get fro 1st to 2nd, or 2nd to 3rd, or 3rd to hoe, because the runner MUST RUN as there are other runners behind hi, the out is called a force out.) A batter can strike out. A runner can be picked off. More than a single player can be gotten out in a single play. For instance, let s say there is a runner on first base. The batter hits a ground ball (one that rolls on the ground). A shortstop picks up the ground ball (also called a grounder), and throws the ball to the 2nd basean before the runner can get to 2nd base. The runner has been forced out at 2nd base. Then, the 2nd basean iediately throws the ball to 1st base, beating the batter there. The batter is now also out. Two en are out in the sae play. This is called a double play. (It is even possible to get three en out in a play, a tri play. In fact it is possible for a single fielder to catch a ball to get the batter out, and tag (touch with the ball) a runner trying to get by hi. This would be an unassisted double play. In baseball history, there have even been a very few unassisted tri plays, where a single fielder got three en out! (Soeties, however, a fielder drops or even kicks a ball he should have been able to catch or stop. This is called an error. If the hitter gets on base because the fielder coits an error, it doesn t count as a hit, even though he certainly gets to be on base as if he had a hit. It counts as an error against the fielder.) A tea on the offensive is allowed to ake three outs, before their turn at bat as a tea is over. Once three outs are ade, the two teas trade places. The tea in the field coes in to bat, and the tea at bat goes out to play defense.
33 9. DRAW: What the tea on Defense is trying to do. What the tea on Offense is trying to do. A Force Out A Double Play A Tri Play An Unassisted Double Play An Unassisted Tri Play An Error An Out Teas trading places 10. EXERCISE: Write fifty words or ore on what you ve learned are the iportant skills a baseball player would need to have.
34 LESSON # 13 (To be done on a baseball diaond, with a partner.) GO: to a baseball diaond. Walk along the foul line, and as you go, every ten feet or so, step to the foul side and say foul territory, and then step inside the lines and say fair territory. Do this until you ve indicated both the foul and fair territory for the entire field. 2. GO: to a baseball field with a partner, and a baseball. Have your friend roll or throw the ball out fro hoe plate. When it stops, you go get it, and in picking it up, call out whether it s in fair or foul territory. Throw it back to your friend. Do at least 20 of these. 3. GO: to a baseball field. Pretend you ve hit the ball. Drop the bat and run to 1st base. When you get there, call out Single. Do this three ties. 1. Do the sae thing, going to second base three ties and calling out Double. Do the sae thing, going to third base three ties and calling out Tri. Do the sae thing, going around the bases three ties and calling out Hoer. 4. GO: to a baseball field. Put your glove on, and stand in Left Field. Pretend a ball is hit in the air, it bounces behind you in fair territory, and then on that bounce goes over the fence. Watch it go, and call out Ground Rule Double. Then watch the iaginary runner go to 2nd Base. Do this three ties. 5. GO: to a baseball field. Stand at 3rd, as a Runner. Then, score a run. Do this three ties. 6. GO: to a baseball field. Stand at 2nd, as a Runner. Then, score a run. Do this three ties.
35 GO: to a baseball field. Stand at 1st, as a Runner. Then, score a run. Do this three ties. 8. GO: to a baseball field. Stand at Shortstop. Pretend a Runner is oving fro 1st to 2nd, and the Batter is oving towards 1st. This is a Fielder s Choice play. Who do you want to get out? (NOTE- ALWAYS try to get the guy who is closest to scoring a run, if you have a choice!) Pretend to ake the correct throw. Do this three ties. 9. GO: to a baseball field. Stand at Shortstop. Pretend a Runner is oving fro 2nd to 3rd, and the Batter is oving towards 1st. This is a Fielder s Choice play. Who do you want to get out? (NOTE- ALWAYS try to get the guy who is closest to scoring a run, if you have a choice!) Pretend to ake the correct throw. Do this three ties. 7. 10. GO: to a baseball field. Stand at Shortstop. Pretend a Runner is oving fro 3rd to Hoe, and the Batter is oving towards 1st. This is a Fielder s Choice play. Who do you want to get out? (NOTE- ALWAYS try to get the guy who is closest to scoring a run, if you have a choice!) Pretend to ake the correct throw. Do this three ties. 11. GO: to a baseball field. Stand at Shortstop. Be the Runner, on 1st Base, waiting for the pitcher to throw the Ball. The oent the Pitcher does (in your ind), Steal 2nd. Do this three ties. (NOTE- A big part of stealing a base involves the Runner taking what s called a Lead Off. This eans the Runner kind of sneaks a yard or two toward the base he s planning on stealing, even before the Pitcher is throwing the baseball. Of course, if the pitcher is sart and fast, he could throw the ball to the waiting 1st Basean (instead of Hoe) and pick off the Runner you. Take a sall lead off each tie you steal.)
36 12. GO: to a baseball field. Stand on the Pitcher s Mound, and pretend there s a Runner on 1st who will try to steal 2nd. (If you can do this with a partner, have the actually stand at 1st and take a lead off.) When you think the runner is far enough off 1st, turn and throw the ball (pretend) as fast as you can to the 1st Basean, to pick off the runner. Do this three ties.
37 LESSON # 14 (To be done on a Baseball diaond.) GO: to a baseball field. Pretend to be the Shortstop. There s a Runner on 1st, and a Hitter hits the ball. Force Out the Runner at 2nd, three ties. 2. GO: to a baseball field. Pretend you re the Shortstop. There s a Runner at 2nd. The batter hits a fly ball to you. Catch it, and tag (touch) the Runner as he goes by you, to get an Unassisted Double Play. Do this three ties. 3. GO: to a baseball field. Pretend you re the Shortstop. There s a runner at 1st. The batter hits a fly ball to you. Catch it, and throw the ball to the 2nd Basean to get the Runner out, for a Double Play. Do this three ties. 4. EXERCISE: Step outside with a glove and ball. Think of at least three ways a Fielder can coit an error with a ground ball coing his way. Do all three errors, having your partner roll the ball to you. Do each one three ties. (Don t forget to accidentally kick the ball.) 5. EXERCISE: Step outside with your partner. Have the throw balls in the air (not too high.) Catch at least ten fly balls. (Reeber, always wear a hat to keep the sun fro your eyes. Use sunglasses if needed. You MUST keep watching the ball as it sails toward you, until it s in your glove.) 6. EXERCISE: Step outside with your partner. Have the throw balls in the air (not too high.) Drop at least ten balls (coit errors). 1.
38 LESSON # 15 1. FULLY UNDERSTAND THE WORD: In Sequence- In order, without changing that order. Standard- Noral, or per the rules. Relief- Rest or rescue. Slot- A spot or place in a list. 2. READ AND FULLY UNDERSTAND: AND MORE The nine en playing for the tea at bat ust each take their turn at bat in sequence. A tea is not allowed to keep sending the sae batter, or few batters up to bat. Every one of the nine en in the gae gets a chance to bat, and this is done in an order decided by the anager before the gae even starts. This order is called the batting order. Both teas are allowed nine tea turns at bat, and nine turns on defense, in a gae. Each tie each tea coes up to bat, they re allowed three outs. A period of tie when Tea A gets their at-bats and three outs, and then Tea B gets their at-bats and three outs, is called an inning. There are nine innings in a standard gae. Generally, whichever tea has scored ore runs by the end of nine innings wins the gae. If the gae is tied at the end of nine innings, then the gae goes into extra innings. When extra innings are played, each extra inning, both teas ust have a chance to play both offense and defense, and get their three outs. The gae ends when, at the end of an extra inning where both teas had an equal chance, one of the teas now has ore runs than the other. A gae CAN GO AS MANY INNINGS AS IT TAKES FOR A TEAM TO WIN!!! This can, and occasionally does, take any hours. During a gae, for any reasons, a anager ay decide to replace certain players with other players out of his tea of 25, who are still waiting to get into the gae. This is called a substitution. The players waiting to play any position except pitcher are called bench players. All together, the bench players are called the bench. A pitcher who takes the place of another pitcher is called a relief pitcher. (Relief pitchers do not wait in the dugout to get into the gae. They wait in an area called the bullpen.) If a relief pitcher is brought in early in the gae, say the 3rd or 4rth
39 inning, he s called a long reliever, because he ay be pitching a long tie. If a relief pitcher is brought in at the very end of the gae, to get the last few batters out, he s called a closer. If a relief pitcher is brought in for the inning or two before the closer, he s called a set-up an, because he sets up the closer to win. A left-handed pitcher, one who throws with his left hand, is called a leftie, or a southpaw. A right handed pitcher is called a righty. A anager is allowed to ake changes on defense or offense at alost any tie during the gae. He is not, however, allowed to change the batting order. If he replaces a player, say his Left Fielder, with another player in Left Field, when the tea coes up to bat, the new Left Fielder ust take his at bat in the old Left Fielder s slot in the batting order. When a new hitter is brought in for an at bat, to replace a player being reoved fro the gae, the new hitter is called a pinch hitter. (This probably is called pinch because usually, a pinch hitter is brought in to try to get a hit in a difficult situation. He s being asked to save the tea, which in slang, is in a tough place, or a tight pinch.) 3. DRAW: A Batting Order (reeber, there are nine en on it.) An Inning (reeber, both teas get three outs on offense.) How long a gae can go Extra Innings A Substitution Bench Players The Bench A Substitution A Relief Pitcher A Bullpen A Long Reliever A Set-Up Man A Closer A Leftie A Southpaw A Righty A Pinch Hitter 4. DRAW: nine batters. Place the in order (a Batting Order). Have the go up to bat in order. 5. DRAW: what happens when two teas are tied after nine innings.
40 EXERCISE: How hard would it be to coe into a gae as a Pinch Hitter. The an has been sitting on the bench for hours, Suddenly, he s asked to grab his bat and face a great pitcher, with alost no preparation. Write down 50 words or ore on the skills a great pinch hitter would have to have. 7. DRAW: who decides when each player gets to play. 6.