DEVELOPMENT ASSESSING TOOLS FOR KARATE ATHLETE

Ways of Using Karategram, Borg Scale and Dr. Stricevic Scales in Assessing Development of Karate Athlete Professor Meral Olmez

Success in karate is based not on WHAT you do but rather HOW you do it! Milorad V Stricevic, M.D. Printing right 2008 Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic Disclaimer: The author IS NOT RESPONSIBLE for any injury that may result from practicing the techniques and/or following the instruction given in this power point presentation. Most of the physical activities and techniques presented here are both strenuous and danger as and may be executed ONLY by a well trained martial artist. The chance of injuries is realistic. SAFETY must be the most important priority of any exercise. Copyright 2008 Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic All rights i h reserved. d No part of f this power point i presentation i may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without without permission in writing from Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic. Bun Bu Ryo Do

Content Learning Sequence: From Distance to Timing Karate-Do and Automatization of Technique Neurological Adaptation to Training Mathematics of Training by Total Number of Hours to Reach Automatization Components of Performance Readiness Karategram Of Basic Techniques and Karategram of Sparring Karategram Of Kata and Karategram of Rotation Karate Intelligences: Social, Motor and Fighting Intelligence Coaching Team and Individual Athlete Monthly Practice Schedule 1993-1994 US World Cup Team - Training and Evaluation of Sparring Skills Practice with Sensei Meral Olmez Borg Scale of RPE Dr. Stricevic s Scale of Power and Speed of Technique Training Results - Sensei Meral Olmez Conclusion

Learning Sequence: From Distance to Timing Biomechanics: 1000 Techniques Low Level Training: 10.000 Techniques High Level Training: 500.000 Techniques Automatization: 1,000.000 Techniques

KARATE-DO AND AUTOMATIZATION OF TECHNIQUE 5 Automatization of technique will require executing a particular technique about 1,000.000 times. How long it will take depends on both the athlete s attendance in training and the instructor s s training schedule. To achieve the level of automatization life long commitment to training is required. This is the concept of Karate-Do.

Neurological Adaptation to Training In an untrained individual useful skills are pushed aside and replaced by the first possible line of defense that usually has no relevance to the aggressor s attack and they are in the form of retrieving a motion designed to move away from the source of danger. Often this type of move is totally contrary to what needs to be done in a particular situation. To learn to defend oneself is to learn to both move away from the aggression but also to move close to the aggressor. Similar to this, if one is attacked, the first response is to move away from the attack using reflex reaction to accomplish the task. Realization of the execution of reflex action and analysis of purpose will occur later.

Neurological Adaptation to Training The process of preparation for the acquisition of self-defense skills is outlined in the diagram presented here with changes shown with dotted lines. One can see two opposing ends: reflex response on one side and automatization of self- defense skills are connected with two more stages of training that may require many years to acquire. At any stage of training the process of gradual development of self defense skills needs to include the following four components: 1. Direction of escape 2. Distance of escape 3. Time of escape 4. Place of counterattack

CNS Adaptation to Years of Training The cerebral cortex together with the cerebellum and basal ganglia need to be changed in this process. Furthermore, additional changes in the spinal cord will take place over time.

MATHEMATICS OF TRAINING

Components of Performance Readiness Responsibilities of Coach and Athlete as Related to Performance Reduction in Purpose Drive will impact: Determination Perseverance Vigor Reduction in Purpose Drive is for the ATHLETE the most preventable factor in failed performance. Reduction in Purpose Drive is for the ATHLETE the most difficult factor to control.

Karategram of Basic Techniques and Karategram of Sparring The Karategram is either imaginary or a real clock like shape with the central point labeled as position "0". To develop initial components of the basic technique it is sufficient to use positions "12", "6", "11", "1", "5" and "7" which comprise a Karategram of Basic Techniques The Karategram of Sparring includes the additional positions "3" and "9" which will provide further practice of multi-directional action 11 12 1 Position 0 7 6 5

Karategram of Kata and Karategram of Rotation The Karategram of Kata with positions "10", "2", "8" and "4" provide a foundation for the practice of more accurate movement which is a natural environment of kata The Karategram of Rotation is designed to provide the opportunity of delivering a technique while going g in a circular motion to an angle of different degrees around a body axis

IN KARATE THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE THAT ARE VERY IMPORTANT: SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE MOTOR INTELLIGENCE FIGHTING INTELLIGENCE 1. SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE WILL DETERMINE A PERSON S AFFINITY TOWARD PEACE, VIOLANCE AND AGGRESSION. 2. MOTOR INTELLIGENCE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACTUAL EXECUTION OF A PARTICULAR SKILL. 3. FIGHTING INTELLIGENCE IS THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF A FIGHTING SKILL AGAINST AN AGGRESSOR.

Genetic Effect of Fiber Type Distribution on Motor Intelligrnce The majority of scientific literature points out that fiber distribution is completed at birth. In spite of the specific distribution of fiber types in the skeletal muscles in each individual some general rules do apply and they are as follows: In a general sense there are about 50% redslow twitch vs. white-fast twitch muscle fibers distributed throughout the body. Furthermore it is possible to state that the largest percent are of slow twitch fibers are located in the chest and abdominal wall. EXCEPTION: rectus abdominis, which has a fairly high number of white-fast twitch fibers (54%) and may respond rapidly in time of impact to protect t the abdominal wall, i.e.: PUNCH IN THE ABDOMEN TO PROTECT VAGUS NERVE.

Coaching Team and Individual Athlete: Application of Evaluation Forms Analysis of Data: Hours of Sleep Food Intake Explosive Power

PROGRAM FOR THE TEAM NEEDS TO BE MADE ACCORDING TO: 1. LEVEL OF COMPETITION - TYPE OF ATHLETE 2. CALENDAR OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ATHLETIC EVENT. EQUIPMENT WORK NEEDS TO BE STOPPED AT LEAST 2 WEEKS BEFORE COMPETITION. LAST TAPER NEEDS TO BE DONE 8 WEEKS BEFORE THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPETITION EVENT.

Example of conditioning type of practice: To achieve desired effect athletes must be pushed to at least 85% of their maximum. In addition to that exercise must last 60 minutes or more and needs to be done 3 to 5 times per week.

Rules for developing techniques are directly related to what needs to be developed. If explosive power of technique is to be developed the intensity and number of techniques must be properly administrated.

In developing any technique it is important to know which part of the technique is to be developed and for that purpose proper p equipment must be selected according to athlete s age and level of technical skill.

1993-1994 World Cup Team - Evaluation of Sparring Skills The only way to determine progress in training is to evaluate the athlete on a properly planned schedule. While there are many ways to determine an athlete s progress, one possibility is presented here. It is important to state that this is not the only information that will determine an athlete s participation in competition. These are only the physical parameters - Motor Intelligence and such are less important than mental readiness which is determined by Fighting Intelligence.

Monthly Practice Schedule It is important to avoid any injury regardless of how small the injury is in order that practice may proceed in an orderly and organized way. Maturity of the karate athlete is determined not by years of practice but by number of repetition of techniques that the athlete executed. In a quest for maximum performance it is mandatory to keep in mind who is being trained since on the basis of that number of practice section per week and length of each practice will be determined. Automatization of blocking techniques is the final destination for all karate practitioners. Automatization of a particular technique can be reached with 1,000.000 executions of that technique.

In Pre-Competition practice, all aspects of karate need to be used: Use of equipment to develop technique Practice of basic techniques Practice of sparring The ratio between each will change according to the calendar of competition. To make technique work in training there must be no false attack and no false defense.

Good training will not prepare an athlete to win BUT TO DO HIS BEST! The main purpose of evaluation is to know where an athlete is at: Need to be tapered Need to be pushed Calendar of events

Dr. Borg Scale of RPE In 1982 Dr. Gunnar Borg was one of the first to recognize the importance of how an athlete feels during exercise. He described that in the form of Perceived Rate of Physical Exertion (RPE) for which he developed the scale known as Borg s Scale of RPE.

In training there must be no false attack & no false defense. Good training will not Good training will not prepare an athlete to win BUT TO DO HIS BEST!

Use of equipment to develop basic techniques and body shifting is important t goal in this process.

Biomechanics cs Repetition of techniques Number of sets

Fighting strategies: In the corner of the ring In the center of the ring Practice ONLY attack Practice ONLY defense To make technique work in training there must be no false attack and no false defense.

Training Results - Sensei Meral Olmez from March 8 to March 27, 2006 Hours of sleep in 24hrs. Minutes to fall a sleep Legend: Hours of sleep in 24 hours Minutes to fall a sleep # Meals in 24 hours Psychological Stress # Meals in 24 hrs. 12 Physical Fatigue 4 25 Psychological Stress 10 20 # Meals in 24 hours 3 8 15 Hours of sleep in 24 hours 2 6 10 Minutes to fall a sleep 1 4 5 3/8 3/11 3/13 3/15 3/17 3/21 3/24 3/27 Dates of Training Food intake and hours of sleep may be used not Food intake and hours of sleep may be used not only to promote healthy habits but even more to detect signs of acute and chronic fatigue.

Training Results - Sensei Meral Olmez from December 26, 2005 to January 19, 2006 Training time in 24hrs. Body weight before training Legend: Body weight after training Body weight in pounds 5 Intensive Training Intensive Training Heavy Cast Removed 180 4 Body weight before training 175 3 2 170 2 165 1 12/27 12/29 1/3 1/5 1/8 1/12 1/16 1/19 Dates of Training Body weight needs to be reduced gradually. NO SUDDEN WEIGHT LOSS: Dehydration, reduce performance,..

Training Results - Sensei Meral Olmez from March 28 to April 17, 2006 Training time in 24hrs. General feeling before training Legend: General feeling after training Control of the technique Speed of the technique Borg & Dr. Stricevic scale 4 Feeling Better After Training Feeling Better After Training 20 3 15 2 10 1 5 3/29 4/1 4/5 4/17 4/21 4/24 4/26 4/27 Dates of Training Use of scales before and after each practice! Use of scales immediately after competition!

Reaching peak performance in no way means that the athlete in question will be a champion! It is important to keep in mind that the great communicators in sports as well as in all other walks of life are to a great degree genetically predisposed to be so. They will need much less practice to shine and to defeat less capable and otherwise well prepared opponents. In the sport of karate hard work and reaching peak performance means that the athlete will compete at a maximum level which may or may not result in victory. Rules of competition are the very important variables that will prevent a strong correlation between peak performance and championship performance. CONCLUSION

Bibliography Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic: Karate Fitness Index: Evaluation of Karate Athletes Performance During Training and Prior to Competition. Medical Congress Held in Conjunction with the European Junior Karate Championship, Paris, France 1989. Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic, et al: Relationship Between Ground, Movement Time and Reaction Time when Body Shifting in Karate, 9th Congress of the Association of Sports Medicine of Balkan, Belgrade, Yugoslavia 1995 Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic, et al: Karate Martial Art and Sport, Volume Three, Kyodai Karate-Do Inc, First Edition 1999 (page: 153-164, 167-176) Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic, et al: Karate Martial Art and Sport, Volume Four, Kyodai Karate-Do Inc, First Edition 2000 (page: 193-202, 205-214) Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic, et al: Karate Martial Art and Sport, Volume Five, Kyodai Karate-Do Inc, First Edition 2001 (page: 211-221) Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic, et al: Karate Martial Art and Sport, Volume Two, Miroto, Second Edition 2002 (page: 134-136, 136 210-218) 218) Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic, et al: American Samurai, Volume 10, 2003 (page: 04-08) Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic, et al: Karate Martial Art and Sport, Volume Seven, Scientific Karate Institute International, Ltd, First Edition 2004 (page: 13-25, 80-97) Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic, et al: Sweeping Techniques, Scientific Karate Institute International, Ltd, First Edition 2004 (page: 64-106) Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic, et al: Karate Martial Art and Sport, Volume Eight, Scientific Karate Institute International, Ltd, First Edition 2005 (page: 136-152) Dr. Milorad V. Stricevic, et al: American Samurai Newsletter, Fundamentals in Planning Development of Athlete for Competition: Explosive Power and Explosive Coordination vs. Distance and Timing, http://americansamurai.com/page/newsletr/aug2507/.htm August 2007