Article. New species of Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) from Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Zootaxa 3008: 1 32 (2011) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Copyright 2011 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) New species of Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) from Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo VIRGINIJUS SRUOGA 1 & JURATE DE PRINS 2 1 Department of Zoology, Vilnius Pedagogical University, Studentu 39, LT-08106 Vilnius, Lithuania. E-mail: virginijus.sruoga@vpu.lt. 2 Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. E-mail: jurate.de.prins@africamuseum.be. Corresponding author. Abstract No Elachistinae have ever been recorded from Cameroon and only one species (Eretmograptis coniodoxa) was described by Meyrick in 1938 from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Here, we present ten new species of the subfamily Elachistinae from Central Africa: Elachista cordata sp. n., Urodeta absidata sp. n., U. aculeata sp. n., U. crenata sp. n., U. cuspidis sp. n. U. faro sp. n., U. tortuosa sp. n. from Cameroon and U. acerba sp. n., U. bucera sp. n., U. talea sp. n. from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The new species are diagnosed and illustrated with photographs of the adults and genitalia. Key words: Lepidoptera, Elachistidae, Elachistinae, Elachista, Urodeta, new species, Afrotropical, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo Introduction The micromoth subfamily Elachistinae (Elachistidae) is globally distributed and contains more than 600 described and about 200 discovered, yet unnamed species (Kaila & Ståhls 2006). The moths are small, often cryptic, with a wingspan usually between 5 and 14 mm. The head is smooth-scaled with a weakly raised neck tuft, and a short, basally scaled haustellum. The antenna extends to about 2/3 of the forewing. The forewing pattern consists either of a white fascia and spots on a dark background or fuscous marks on a light background; or the moths can be unicolorous (white, yellowish or cream). The moths rest in a very characteristic posture: the antennae are directed backwards along the costal margin of the forewing and the tornal area of the forewing is produced above the dorsum. The male genitalia are symmetrical, usually with a spinose distal knob of gnathos and a bilobed uncus. Larvae of Elachistinae are obligate leaf miners, species belonging to Elachista, which comprise the great majority of Elachistinae, feed on monocots, however, the closely related genera Perittia and Urodeta are recorded from dicotyledonous plants (Traugott-Olsen & Schmidt Nielsen 1977; Parenti & Varalda 1994; Kaila & Sugisima 2011; Joel Minet pers. corr.). The Elachistinae of Sub-Saharan Africa are still rather poorly explored. In the most recent checklist of the Elachistinae of the Afrotropical Region and the Palaearctic transitional area 33 species were listed (De Prins & De Prins 2011) and the majority of these are from South Africa and Kenya (Vári et al. 2002; Sruoga & De Prins 2009). However, no data on Elachistinae from Cameroon were hitherto published and only one species, Eretmograptis coniodoxa, was described by Meyrick (1938) from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The aim of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of the Elachistinae in the Afrotropical region by presenting the descriptions, diagnoses, and illustrations of newly discovered species from Cameroon and the DRC. Methods Sampling. During 2003 2007 the Elachistinae specimens were collected by the second author using a 12V mercury vapour light and 25 W actinic blue light placed in front of a white vertical screen. The captured specimens of Accepted by J.-F. Landry: 26 Jul. 2011; published: 30 Aug. 2011 1

micro-moths were spread in the usual way in the field and dry-preserved in a hermetic plastic microscope slide box along with moisture absorbing silica gel crystals. The forests bordering two big rivers: Faro River in North Province of Cameroon and Congo River, in the province of Bas-Congo (the western part of DRC) were chosen as collecting sites (Figs 1 5). The biotopes are very rich in vegetation of Poaceae and other monocots. The great majority of elachistine hostplants, ca.70% (Hodges 1998) or even 90% (Kaila & Sugisima 2011), are monocots. In general the floodplains of big rivers played as dispersal barriers or refugia in many groups of plants and featured the present-day African rain forest in a sea of grass (Leal 2004). Morphological analysis. Adult specimens were examined externally using Leica MZ12.5 or BMS-10 stereomicroscopes. The forewing length was measured along the costa from wing base to the apex of the terminal fringe scales. The width of the head was measured between the inner edges of the antennal scapes. Genitalia were prepared following the method described by Robinson (1976) and Traugott-Olsen & Schmidt Nielsen (1977). The genitalia were studied and some morphological structures were photographed in glycerol before permanent slide-mounting in Euparal. The male genital capsule was stained with fuchsin and the abdominal pelt and female genitalia with Chlorazol Black (Direct Black 38/Azo Black). The genital morphology was examined using a Biolam AU-12 and Leica DM 2500 microscopes. The descriptive terminology of morphological structures follows Traugott-Olsen & Schmidt Nielsen (1977), Kaila (1999, 2011), and Kristensen (2003). The species are arranged alphabetically. Institutional abbreviation used in the text is as follows: Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium (RMCA). Taxonomy Elachista cordata, sp. n. (Figs 1, 3, 4, 6 12) Type material. Holotype:, CAMEROON, North Province, Faro River Camp, 275 m, 08 25 N 012 47 E, 04.v.2005, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005253, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00592 (RMCA). Paratype: 1, CAMEROON, North Province, Faro River Camp, 275 m, 08 23 N 012 49 E, 09.v.2005, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005254, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00593 (RMCA). Diagnosis. In wing pattern and male genitalia, this species closely resembles Elachista chelonitis Meyrick, 1909, known from South Africa and Kenya (for external characters refer to Parenti 1988 and for male genitalia to Sruoga & De Prins 2009), however, the new species is distinguished by features of the male genitalia. The main differences between E. cordata and E. chelonitis are: (1) in E. cordata the lobes of cucullus are shorter and the dorsal lobe is longer than the ventral one, in E. chelonitis the lobes of cucullus are longer than those of E. cordata and both (dorsal and ventral) lobes are of same length; (2) the posterior margin of spinose knob of gnathos in E. cordata is deeply incised, in E. chelonitis it is not incised; (3) the apical margin of juxta in E. cordata is convex, in E. chelonitis it is concave; (4) phallus length/width ratio in E. cordata is 14 19, in E. chelonitis it is 26 27. Male (Figs 6, 7). Forewing length ~ 4 mm; wingspan 8.7 8.8 mm (n=2). Head: Frons white; vertex and neck tuft white, some scales with brownish tips; labial palpus white above, brownish below except third segment almost whitish; scape brownish except ventral and dorsal margins white, pecten white; flagellum light yellowish brown, with very short cilia, length of cilia about 1/10 diameter of shaft. Thorax and tegula white with sparse brownishtipped scales. Forewing ground colour white, base of costa and dorsum with narrow irregular dark brown blotch, sometimes tinged with ochreous, another similar blotch on fold; apical half of wing mottled due to dark brown tips of scales; ochre scales forming two irregular patches: one at 1/2 and smaller one at 2/3 of wing; dark brown raised scales forming patch near dorsum just before middle of wing. Hindwing brownish grey, its fringe paler. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia (Figs 8 12). Uncal lobes long and narrow, widest at base, gradually tapering, inner margin slightly rounded, outer margin with few long setae. Socius well developed, with several short setae. Basal arms of gnathos narrow and long, posterior margin of spinose knob distinctly incised, forming two rounded lobes. Costa of valva almost straight; cucullus divided into two lobes: triangular ventral lobe where sacculus meets cucullus, and long and narrow dorsal lobe. Juxtal lobes large, median margin straight, apical margin somewhat convex, with 2 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

setose prominent swelling laterally. Digitate process absent. Vinculum without median ridge, tapered unto broad saccus. Phallus long and narrow, gradually tapered towards apex, one apical side more sclerotized and prolonged, inwardly slightly bent; coecum short; vesica with one curved cornutus. Biology. Unknown. Flight period. Based upon the two specimens available, adults fly in early May. Distribution. So far this species is known only from the North Province of Cameroon (Figs 1, 3, 4). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin cordatus (heart shaped) in reference to the shape of the gnathos. Urodeta Stainton, 1869 Urodeta Stainton, 1869: [viii] Errata Urodela Stainton, 1869: 226 227 Type species: Urodeta cisticolella Stainton, 1869 (= U. hibernella (Staudinger, 1859)) by monotypy. In the combined description of the genus and species on p. 226 the generic name was spelt as Urodela, an incorrect original spelling that was corrected in the Errata printed at the beginning of the work (Nye & Fletcher 1991: 318). Original description of Urodeta Stainton, 1869 Urodela, n. g., cisticolella, n. sp. On the 7th March, when collecting with Monsieur Millière on the hill above the Bellevue Hotel at Cannes, I found a larva mining a leaf of Cistus monspeliensis, forming a slightly puckered blotch. It rained nearly the whole of the following day, so that I could not go to the same locality; but on the 9 th I went in search of this new larva, and higher up the hill collected several of them; I also found one near the coast. On the 11th I found the same larva on the Ile Ste.-Marguerite; I afterwards noticed it at Mentone. At the time, I apprehended that it would produce some species of Laverna. The larva I have thus described:- Length 2½ lines; broadest anteriorly; dull dark olive-grey, with faint indications of the dorsal and subdorsal lines; head black; second segment with a black subcutaneaous plate; anal segment with a small blackish plate. Legs 16; anterior legs blackish. A larger larva was more distinctly mottled with pale grey, and had a whitish spiracular line. It mines the leaves of Cistus monspeliensis, making an elongate blotch, which is slightly puckered. The upper end of the mine is free from excrement, which seems all collected at the lower end. The larva moves from leaf to leaf; and when full-fed it quits the mine, and attaching itself to the edge of a leaf, changes there to a naked pupa, which is only attached by the tail; the head-end and the middle are entirely free from the leaf, not even fastened by silken girth, thus reminding us the pupae of some of the Pterophoridae. When I saw the singular pupa, I regretted that I had not collected more of these larvae. I was fortunate, in rearing specimens of the imago, three of which appeared April 7th (only two days after I had returned home), and the fourth on the 9th April. I should not be at all surprised if this should prove to be the insect described by Staudinger as Elachista piperatella (see ante, p.161); and possible his name may eventually have to be adopted for it; but as it certainly forms the type of a new genus, I will in the meantime give it the specific name of cisticolella. The generic characters of the imago consist in the rough head, the short palpi, and the form of the anterior wings, which are more elliptical, and have not the posteriorly expanded appearance of an Elachista. The neuration I have not yet investigated. Additional notes on Urodeta Stainton, 1869 Despite the pecularities in pupation of Urodeta, so vividly decribed in the original generic description by Stainton (1869), that i) pupae are exposed, ii) attached to the surface by a small area of their caudal part [segments 9 and 10] and iii) do not have a silken girdle, the monophyly of the genus Urodeta is supported by a unique synapomorphy in the male genitalia: iv) the orientation of the spines in the gnathos is cephalically directed (Kaila 2011). The latter unique synapomorphy in adult morphology served as the basis to transfer the following Afrotropical species ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 3

to the genus Urodeta Stainton 1869 from Perittia Stainton, 1854 and Phthinostoma Meyrick, 1914 (Kaila 2011): U. maculata (Mey, 2007), U. taeniata (Mey, 2007), U. falciferella (Sruoga & De Prins, 2009), U. gnoma (Sruoga & De Prins, 2009), U. spatulata (Sruoga & De Prins, 2009) and U. tantilla (Sruoga & De Prins, 2009). The genus Urodeta is redefined in detail in Kaila (2011: 45). Here below we present a few adult morphological features, characterizing mostly the Afrotropical Urodeta taxa: Adults of the Afrotropical Urodeta externally resemble these of Perittia. Moths in general are very small with a wingspan of 4 8 mm. The labial palpus in the Afrotropical Urodeta species is very short, nearly invisible. Male genitalia. Gnathos armed with spines which are directed anteriorly the most distinctive feature characterizing the males of the Afrotropical Urodeta. Uncus short, often with weakly sclerotized posterior margin. Valva short and broad, sacculus usually expanded, cucullus small, sometimes in shape of long extension (U. gnoma), or might be acutely pointed at apex (U. cuspidis sp. n.). Ventral shield of juxta well developed, usually longer than wide and distally fused with phallus. Dorsal shield of juxta well developed only rarely like it is the case in U. cuspidis sp. n. Digitate process absent. Vinculum narrow, U-shaped, without saccus. Phallus short and wide, cornuti, if present, often are assembled into clusters. Female genitalia. Apophyses anteriores in many Afrotropical Urodeta species extend from the median part of segment 8 and spread apart laterad. However, in U. bucera sp. n., U. maculata, U. talea sp. n., and U. tortuosa sp. n. apophyses anteriores as well as apophyses posteriores may be vestigial or even not developed at all. Ductus bursae often long and spirally coiled. Signum, if present, consists of one or few large spines (U. bucera sp. n., U. falciferella, U. talea sp. n.). Urodeta absidata, sp. n. (Figs 1, 3, 4, 13 22) Type material. Holotype:, CAMEROON, North Province, Faro River Camp, 275 m, 08 23 N 012 49 E, 09.v.2005, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005274, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00594 (RMCA). Paratype: 1, CAMEROON, North Province, Faro Riverside, 289 m, 08 23 N 012 49 E, 02.xii.2003, leg. J. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005931, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00595 (RMCA). Diagnosis. Urodeta absidata is a small species with a white oblique streak on blackish-brown forewing ground colour. The male genitalia are highly distinctive with a very wide phallus, and particularly by the cusp-shaped spines embedded in the arched inner processes of valvae. The female genitalia are easily recognized by the unusually long and wide antrum. As such, U. absidata cannot be confused with any other known species. Male (Figs 13, 14). Forewing length 2.6 mm; wingspan 6.0 mm (n=1). Head: Frons white, vertex mottled with blackish brown; neck tuft mottled by blackish brown tips of grey scales; labial palpus very short, drooping, whitish; scape whitish, mottled with blackish brown, pecten whitish; flagellum brownish grey, basally annulated with darker rings. Thorax, tegula and forewing grey brown, mottled with blackish brown tipped scales; oblique whitish streak from 2/5 of costa to 3/5 of dorsum where it turns slightly basad at a sharp angle; small indistinct spot formed of raised blackish brown scales in middle of wing just beyond oblique streak; fringe brownish grey with irregularly scattered brownish grey scales narrowly edged with white just before blackish brown tip. Hindwing brownish grey, its fringe paler. Female. Forewing length 3.0 mm; wingspan 6.8 mm (n=1). Similar to male, but antenna thinner. Male genitalia (Figs 15 20). Uncus short. Spinose knob of gnathos wider than long, tapered towards apex; basal arms of gnathos almost as long as width of spinose knob. Valva short and broad; sacculus strongly concave, tapering into short and curved setose cucullus; inner processes of valvae fused apically, weakly sclerotized, embedded with many small cusp-shaped spines (Fig. 17) and with numerous tiny spines. Ventral shield of juxta five times longer than wide, broadest at 1/3 from base, apical end fused to phallus; juxta lobes not developed. Vinculum U- shaped, without saccus. Phallus short, broadest basally, tapered towards apex, curved dorsad, with long narrow sclerotization ventro-distally; vesica with 6 cornuti, slightly variable in size. Female genitalia (Figs 21, 22). Papillae anales short with sparse long setae except for ventral margin with dense short setae. Apophyses posteriores stout, apically dilated, length about 0.6 of papillae anales. Tergum 8 not sclerotized, apophyses anteriores basally widened, curved, extending from central part of segment and spreading 4 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

apart laterad. Ostium bursae situated in integument between sterna 7 and 8. Antrum wide and long, about 2.7 times longer than wide, heavily sclerotized, especially along lateral margins and in central part; one strongly sclerotized spine as long as apophyses posteriores in proximal part; ventroposterior margin of antrum convex. Ductus bursa densely covered with coarse internal spines. Corpus bursae narrow and long, about 4 times longer than wide, without signum or internal spines. Biology. Unknown. Flight period. Based upon the specimens available, adults fly in early May and in early December. Distribution. So far this species is known only from North Province of Cameroon (Figs 1, 3, 4). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin absidatus (arched) in reference to the arched inner processes of valvae. Remarks. The head of the holotype is somewhat rubbed and antennae are partly broken, therefore the description is approximate. Urodeta acerba sp. n. (Figs 2, 3, 5, 23 32) Type material. Holotype:, CONGO DEM. REP., Bas-Congo, 320 m, Nat. Res. Luki-Mayumbe, 05 27 S 13 05 E, 29.iii.2006, leg. J. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005278, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00596 (RMCA). Paratypes: CONGO DEM. REP., Bas-Congo, 320 m, Nat. Res. Luki-Mayumbe 05 27 S 13 05 E, leg. J. & W. De Prins: 2, 1, 22.iii.2006. Specimen IDs: RMCA ENT 000005277, 000005279, 000005280, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00597, 00598 (RMCA); 1, 15.iii.2006. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004120, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00599 (RMCA); 1, CONGO DEM. REP., Bas-Congo, 320 m, Nat. Res. Luki-Mayumbe, 05 37 S 13 05 E, 16.v.2007, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005289, gen. prep. MRAC/ KMMA 00600 (RMCA). Diagnosis. Urodeta acerba is superficially similar to U. bucera, known from the same locality. However, U. acerba can be distinguished most easily by the very narrow wings, especially the hindwings and by longer labial palpus. The entirely divided valva in male genitalia, and rounded bright spots on a dark background colour of papillae anales in female genitalia are very distinctive and separate U. acerba from all other Urodeta species. Male (Figs 23, 24). Forewing length 2.0 2.3 mm; wingspan 4.7 5.2 mm (n=4). Head: Frons pale grey; vertex and neck tuft greyish brown, mottled with blackish brown tipped scales; labial palpus straight, about 0.5 times as long as width of head, greyish white; flagellum greyish brown, basally annulated with darker rings. Thorax, tegula and forewing grey brown, mottled with blackish brown tipped scales; small blackish brown spot on fold before middle of wing. Hindwing very narrow, about 10 times longer than wide (measured in middle of wing), grey brown, its fringe paler. Female. Forewing length 2.3 2.4 mm; wingspan 5.3 5.4 mm (n=2). Similar to male, but antenna without distinct annulations. Male genitalia (Figs 25 28). Uncus large, posterior margin weakly sclerotized, not emarginated, length almost as long as width of spinose knob of gnathos. Basal arms of gnathos fused with membranous zone medially. Valva divided into two separate lobes (Fig. 27): ventral lobe narrow, almost parallel sided and rounded apically, inner surface with sparse setae; dorsal lobe triangular in shape, with few setae on ventral margin and few but shorter on apex. Ventral shield of juxta elongate, slightly widened apically, apex rounded and fused to phallus; juxta lobes not developed. Vinculum narrow, U-shaped, without saccus. Phallus about 3 times longer than wide, apex rounded and abruptly narrowing; ductus ejaculatorius inserted dorsally, just before middle of phallus; vesica with different cornuti: one elongate plate-like, one near square plate-like, and numerous small spine-like cornuti. Female genitalia (Figs 29 32). Papillae anales short, with round semitransparent spots where long setae arise. Apophyses posteriores vestigial, visible only as very short extension basolaterally. Tergum 8 very short, not sclerotized, apophyses anteriores basally widened, extending from central part of segment and spreading apart laterad. Additional pair of weakly sclerotized apophyses extending slightly before apophyses anteriores. Ostium bursae situated at posterior margin of sternum 7. Antrum with sclerotized longitudinal folds, funnel-shaped, 2/3 length of sternum 7. Ductus bursa spirally coiled, very long, about 12 times longer than length of sternum 7. Corpus bursae ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 5

without signum, divided by narrow prolonged constriction into two parts (Fig. 32), larger posterior, with minute internal spines and smaller anterior one, without internal spines. Biology. Unknown. Flight period. Based on specimens available, adults fly in March and May. Distribution. So far this species is known only from Bas-Congo province of Democratic Republic of the Congo (Figs 2, 3, 5). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin acerbus (gloomy, dark) in reference to the dark coloration of moth. Remarks. In the male genitalia the juxta apically is fused with the phallus, therefore during preparation, if the phallus is removed, the apex of juxta can be separated from the juxta along with the phallus (Fig. 28). Urodeta aculeata, sp. n. (Figs 1, 3, 4, 33 36) Type material. Holotype:, CAMEROON, North Province, Faro River Camp, 275 m, 08 25 N 012 47 E, 04.v.2005, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005275, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00601 (RMCA). Diagnosis. Superficially, Urodeta aculeata is somewhat similar to U. absidata, known from the same locality, and U. tantilla (Sruoga & De Prins), known from Kenya (for external characters and male genitalia refer to Sruoga & De Prins 2009). However, the forewing in the new species is without white oblique streak as in U. absidata or yellowish-white spots as in U. tantilla. In male genitalia U. aculeata resembles U. tantilla, as both these species have well developed, apically rounded juxta lobes and vesica with few large and numerous small cornuti. These species can be separated most easily by the shape of valva, the number of large cornuti and the very peculiar medial carina of phallus in U. aculeata. Male (Figs 33, 34). Forewing length 2.8 mm; wingspan 6.3 mm (n=1). Head: Frons whitish, vertex and neck tuft mottled with greyish brown; labial palpus very short, drooping, whitish; scape dark brown; flagellum pale brown. Thorax, tegula and forewing grey brown, mottled with blackish brown tipped scales; blackish brown scales forming oblique band from middle of costa and small spot on fold at 2/5 from wing base; fringe brownish grey with irregularly scattered brownish grey scales narrowly edged with white just before blackish brown tip. Hindwing brownish grey, its fringe paler. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia (Figs 35, 36). Uncus short. Spinose knob of gnathos wider than long, rounded apically. Valva short and broad; sacculus ventrally curved at obtuse angle; cucullus short and narrow, tapered apically; transtilla short, strongly sclerotized. Ventral shied of juxta large; juxta lobes well developed, apically bilobed. Vinculum U- shaped, proximal margin concave. Phallus short, as long as valva, with strongly sclerotized narrow streak along ventral margin; medial carina of phallus long, apically bent; vesica with 3 large cornuti and two groups of smaller cornuti: basal group with long and very narrow cornuti, medial group with larger ones, slightly different in size. Biology. Unknown. Flight period. The only one known specimen was captured in the beginning of May. Distribution. So far this species is known only from North Province of Cameroon (Figs 1, 3, 4). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin aculeatus (provided with prickles) in reference to the numerous cornuti. Remarks. In the male genitalia the juxta apically is fused with the phallus, therefore during preparation, if the phallus is removed, the juxta lobes can be separated from the juxta along with the phallus. Urodeta bucera sp. n. (Figs 2, 3, 5, 37 49) Type material. Holotype:, CONGO DEM. REP., Bas-Congo, 320 m, Nat. Res. Luki-Mayumbe, 05 27 S 13 05 E, 15.iii.2006, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004125, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00602 (RMCA). 6 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

Paratypes: 3, 2, same data as holotype. Specimen IDs: RMCA ENT 000004119, 000004121, 000004126, 000004123, 000004127, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00605, 00603, 00606, 00609 (RMCA); 1, 1, same locality, 22.iii.2006, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen IDs: RMCA ENT 000004122, 000004124, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00604, 00608 (RMCA); 1, CONGO DEM. REP., Bas-Congo, 320 m, Nat. Res. Luki-Mayumbe, 05 37 S 013 05 E, 30.v.2007, leg. J. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005290, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00607 (RMCA). Diagnosis. Urodeta bucera is superficially similar to U. acerba, known from the same locality. However, U. bucera can be distinguished most easily by the broader wings, especially the hindwings and by the very short labial palpus. The male genitalia are very distinctive with an entirely divided spinose knob of gnathos, stout juxta lobes and apex of phallus with two prominent teeth. As such, U. bucera cannot be confused with any other known species of Urodeta. Male (Figs 37, 38). Forewing length 2.2 2.5 mm; wingspan 5.1 5.8 mm (n=5). Head: Frons pale grey; vertex and neck tuft brownish grey, weakly mottled with dark brown tipped scales; labial palpus vestigial, visible only as very short greyish extension; flagellum pale brown, weakly annulated with darker rings basally. Thorax and tegula strongly mottled with : scales basally whitish and distally dark brown; thorax with two small black brown spots near posterior margin. Forewing strongly mottled with scales basally whitish and distally dark brown; one black brown spot on fold at 1/3 from base of wing; fringe brownish grey, fringe line dark brown. Hindwing and its fringe grey brown. Female. Forewing length 2.4 2.6 mm; wingspan 5.3 5.8 mm (n=4). Similar to male, but antenna with more distinct annulations and distally slightly serrated. Male genitalia (Figs 39 41). Uncus short. Spinose knob of gnathos divided into two separated, apically tapering lobes. Valva short and broad; ventral margin of sacculus gradually curved, tapering into short and narrow cucullus, transtilla long, strongly sclerotized. Ventral shield of juxta large, almost quadrate; juxta lobes well developed, strongly sclerotized, apical margin obliquely truncated, with few short setae. Vinculum U-shaped, proximal margin concave. Phallus shorter than valva, strongly curved in basal 1/3; dorsal and ventral sides strongly sclerotized in apical part; apex with two stout, outwardly curved spines, dorsal spine much larger than ventral one; manica extended as two large lobes on coecum; no cornuti present. Note: According to Kristensen (2003: 102) the phallocrypt is sometimes referred to as the manica which itself may be partly sclerotized and / or set with spines. Female genitalia (Figs 42 49). Papillae anales very short, apophyses posteriores vestigial, visible only as very short extension basolaterally. Segment 8 very short, not sclerotized, apophyses anteriores weakly sclerotized, extending from central part of segment and spreading apart laterad. Ostium bursae situated almost in middle of sternum 7. Antrum with sclerotized longitudinal folds, twice shorter than width of ostium. Ductus bursa gradually broadened towards corpus bursae, with narrow band of small internal spines. Corpus bursae with small group of minute internal spines; signum consisting of 1 or 4 long and about 8 10 much smaller spines of varying length. Biology. Unknown. Flight period. Based on specimens available, adults fly in March and late May. Distribution. So far this species is known only from the province of Bas-Congo of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Figs 2, 3, 5). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin bucerus (ox-horned) in reference to the horn-shaped juxta lobes. Urodeta crenata, sp. n. (Figs 1, 3, 4, 50 55) Type material. Holotype:, CAMEROON, North Province, Faro River Camp, 275 m, 08 23 N 012 49 E, 01.v.2005, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005272, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00610 (RMCA). Paratype: 1, same locality as holotype, 09.v.2005, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005276, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00611 (RMCA). Diagnosis. Urodeta crenata is a small, narrow winged and lightly-coloured species. In wing pattern and male ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 7

genitalia, the new species is comparable to U. cuspidis, known from the same locality. However, U. crenata is distinguishable by two blackish brown spots just before the middle of the forewing, serrated ventral margin of sacculus, shape of phallus and by the absence of cornuti. Male (Figs 50, 51). Forewing length 2.1 2.3 mm; wingspan 5.0 5.2 mm (n=2). Head: Frons white; vertex and neck tuft white, mottled with dark brown tips of scales; labial palpus short and straight, about 0.5 times as long as width of head, white above, brownish below; scape white, with few dark brown tipped scales; flagellum brownish grey, basally annulated with brown rings, distally slightly serrated. Thorax, tegula and forewing strongly mottled with scales basally white and distally dark brown; two blackish brown spots transversally arranged just before middle of wing; fringe grey. Hindwing brownish grey, its fringe grey. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia (Figs 52 55). Uncus short, posterior margin weakly sclerotized. Spinose knob of gnathos small, rounded. Valva short and broad; ventral margin of sacculus curved and partly serrated, tapering into long, narrow, ventrally curved and strongly sclerotized cucullus; basal fold of costa strongly sclerotized; transtilla wide, weakly sclerotized. Ventral shied of juxta strongly sclerotized, basally broad, gradually tapered towards long pointed and ventrally curved apex. Vinculum U-shaped, narrow, weakly sclerotized. Phallus nearly as long as valva, very weakly sclerotized except dorsal side basally and ventral side apically, apex long and pointed; no cornuti present. Biology. Unknown. Flight period. Based upon the two specimens available, adults fly in early May. Distribution. So far this species is known only from the North Province of Cameroon (Figs 1, 3, 4). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin crena (serration, notch) and the suffix -ata (provided with) in reference to the serrated sacculus of valva. Remarks. The heads in the type specimens are somewhat rubbed, therefore the description is approximate. Urodeta cuspidis, sp. n. (Figs 1, 3, 4, 56 63) Type material. Holotype:, CAMEROON, North Province, Faro River Camp, 275 m, 08 25 N 012 47 E, 04.v.2005, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005283, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00612 (RMCA). Paratypes: 1, same data as holotype. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005286, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00613 (RMCA); 1, CAMEROON, North Province, Faro River Camp, 275 m, 08 23 N 012 49 E, 01.v.2005, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005281, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00614 (RMCA); 1, same locality, 09.v.2005, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005284, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00615 (RMCA). Diagnosis. Urodeta cuspidis is a small, lightly-coloured species. In wing pattern and male genitalia, the new species is comparable to U. crenata, known from the same locality. However, the forewing in U. cuspidis is without two blackish brown spots. It differs from U. crenata in male genitalia mainly by the sharply angled sacculus, bilobed juxta, shape of the phallus and by the presence of cornuti. Male (Figs 56, 57). Forewing length 2.4 2.8 mm; wingspan 5.6 6.1 mm (n=4). Head: Frons white; vertex and neck tuft white, weakly mottled with brown tips of scales; labial palpus short and straight, about 0.5 times as long as width of head, white; scape white, with few brown tipped scales; flagellum brownish grey, without clear annulations. Thorax, tegula and forewing strongly mottled with scales basally white and distally brown; fringe greyish. Hindwing brownish grey, its fringe paler. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia (Figs 58 63). Uncus short, posterior margin weakly sclerotized. Basal arms of gnathos weakly sclerotized, spinose knob of gnathos small, slightly ovate. Valva short and broad; costa straight; ventral margin of sacculus convex, distally strongly concave, forming sharp angle when meeting cucullus; cucullus narrow and short, apex with small upcurved spine. Ventral shield of juxta with strongly sclerotized median ridge, juxta lobes twice as long as wide, with few very short setae near apex; lateral membranous extension of juxta lobe apically bilobed, partly surrounds phallus (Fig. 63). Vinculum U-shaped, narrow, strongly sclerotized. Phallus longer than valva, 8 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

slightly bent, gradually tapered towards pointed apex; vesica with one large, straight, basally broad and distally pointed cornutus, and group of minute spines. Biology. Unknown. Flight period. Based upon the specimens available, adults fly in early May. Distribution. So far this species is known only from the North Province of Cameroon (Figs 1, 3, 4). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin cuspidis (pointed end) in reference to the pointed apex of phallus. Remarks. In the male genitalia the juxta apically is fused with the phallus, therefore during preparation, if the phallus is removed, the juxta lobes or entire juxta can be separated along with the phallus (Fig. 59). Urodeta faro sp. n. (Figs 1, 3, 4, 64 71) Type material. Holotype: 1, CAMEROON, North Province, Faro River Camp, 275 m, 08 23 N 012 49 E, 09.v.2005, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005282, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00622 (RMCA). Paratype: 1, CAMEROON, North Province, Faro River Camp, 275 m, 08 25 N 012 47 E, 04.v.2005, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005287, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00623 (RMCA); 1, CAMER- OON, Garoua, Faro Nat. Park., 300 m, 08 23 36,4N 12 49 29,3E, 28.iv. 9.v.2005, Knud Larsen & Toke Zandersen. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000006050, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00644 (RMCA). Diagnosis. Urodeta faro is a small, lightly-coloured species, with indistinct wing markings. The female genitalia of this species can be separated from other Urodeta species known from Sub-Saharan Africa by the following combination of characters: (1) colliculum sclerotized, with internal spines; (2) proximal part of ductus bursae with transversal foldings; (3) corpus bursae without signum. Female (Figs 64, 65). Forewing length 2.7 3.0 mm; wingspan 6.0 6.6 mm (n=3). Head: Frons white; vertex and neck tuft white, weakly mottled with brown tips of scales; labial palpus very short and straight, about 0.5 times as long as width of head, white; scape white, with few brown tipped scales; flagellum brown, basally annulated with white. Thorax, tegula and forewing white, irregularly dusted with brown, small brown spot on fold before middle of wing.; fringe greyish white. Hindwing and its fringe greyish. Male. Unknown. Female genitalia (Figs 66 71). Papillae anales triangular, distally tapered. Apophyses posteriores very short, curved outward. Tergum 8 very short, not sclerotized, apophyses anteriores weakly sclerotized except apices, extending from central part of segment and spreading apart laterad. Ostium bursae situated in membrane between sterna 7 and 8. Sternum 8 membranous, with weakly sclerotized, posteriorly curved band in central part. Antrum weakly sclerotized, posterior margin convex, gradually tapered anteriorly. Colliculum slightly longer than antrum, strongly sclerotized, with minute internal spines. Ductus bursae with a large coil before entering to corpus bursae, coiled part with transverse foldings. Corpus bursae round, without signum or internal spines. Biology. Unknown. Flight period. Based upon the three specimens available, adults fly in late April and early May. Distribution. So far this species is known only from the North Province of Cameroon (Figs 1, 3, 4). Etymology. The species name is associated with the type locality the floodplain of the Faro River. The specific name is a noun in apposition. Urodeta talea sp. n. (Figs 2, 3, 5, 72 82) Type material. Holotype:, CONGO DEM. REP., Bas-Congo, 320 m, Nat. Res. Luki-Mayumbe, 05 27 S 13 05 E, 15.iii.2006, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004118, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00616 (RMCA). Paratypes: CONGO DEM. REP., Bas-Congo, 320 m, Nat. Res. Luki-Mayumbe, 05 27 S 13 05 E: 1, 15.iii.2006. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005257; 2, 22.iii.2006. Specimen IDs: RMCA ENT 000004117, ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 9

000005258, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00617 (RMCA), leg. J. & W. De Prins; 1, 05.iv.2006. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005259, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00618 (RMCA), leg. J. De Prins. CONGO DEM. REP., Bas- Congo, 320 m, Nat. Res. Luki-Mayumbe, 05 37 S 13 05 E: 3, 1, 16.v.2007. Specimen IDs: RMCA ENT 000005260, 000005262, 000005264, 000005266, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00619 (RMCA); 3, 4, 23.v.2007, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen IDs: RMCA ENT 000005263, 000005268, 000005269, 000005261,, 000005265, 000005267, 000005270, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00620, 00621 (RMCA). Diagnosis. Urodeta talea is externally very similar to U. gnoma (Sruoga & De Prins), known from Kenya (for external characters and male genitalia refer to Sruoga & De Prins 2009). The main differences between U. talea and U. gnoma are the following: (1) inner surface of cucullus in U. talea without long process, in U. gnoma inner surface of cucullus with long, slender and acute process; (2) spinose knob of gnathos in U. talea nearly rounded, width/length ratio not exceeding 1.5, in U. gnoma spinose knob of gnathos wider than long, width/length ratio greater than 2; (3) phallus in U. talea with strongly sclerotized narrow streak along the ventral margin, in U. gnoma it is without sclerotized streak along the ventral margin; (4) two clusters of cornuti in U. talea consist of 12 15 and 12 16 ones, in U. gnoma 2 3 and 6 7; (5) apex of phallus in U. talea strongly curved ventrad, without long ventral incision, in U. gnoma it is nearly straight and with long ventral incision. Male (Figs 72, 73). Forewing length 2.7 3.0 mm; wingspan 6.2 6.6 mm (n=7). Head: Frons pale ochre, background layer with some metallic lustre; vertex and neck tuft pale ochre, some scales with dark brown tips; labial palpus very short and straight, whitish above, fuscous below; scape broader than flagellum, covered with pale ochre scales with dark brown tips; flagellum pale brown, weakly annulated with darker rings basally. Thorax and tegula covered by pale ochre scales with dark ochre and brownish black tips. Ground colour of forewing pale ochre to ochre, mottled by dark ochre tips of scales; denser dark ochre and brownish black scales forming streak extending oblique at 2/5 of costa towards tornus of wing. Brownish black scales forming one large spot of raised scales on fold before middle of wing, and two small spots at 1/5 and 2/5 from base of wing. Fringe scales brownish grey with irregularly scattered brownish black tipped scales. Hindwing brownish grey, its fringe paler. Female. Forewing length 2.8 3.2 mm; wingspan 6.6 7.0 mm (n=9). Similar to male, but antenna with more distinct annulations. Male genitalia (Figs 74 76). Uncus short, posterior margin weakly sclerotized. Spinosed knob of gnathos nearly round. Valva short and broad; sacculus convex, distally strongly concave, forming sharp angle when meeting cucullus; cucullus narrow and long, directed ventrally, tightly fused with cucullus of another valva. Ventral shield of juxta about two times longer than broad, weakly sclerotized. Vinculum U-shaped, narrow, strongly sclerotized. Phallus short, about 4 times longer than broad, with narrow, stick-shaped sclerotization along ventral margin; vesica with several minute spines and two clusters of large cornuti (12 15 and 12 16) slightly varying in size. Female genitalia (Figs 77 82). Papillae anales very short. Apophyses posteriores and anteriores absent. Ostium bursae situated in membrane between sterna 7 and 8. Antrum short, broader than deep, evenly sclerotized. Colliculum short, broadly dilated, strongly sclerotized, with minute internal spines. Ductus bursae very long, spirally coiled, with minute internal spines throughout its length. Corpus bursae with minute internal spines; signum formed from 6 7 stout teeth, slightly varying in size (Figs 79 82). Biology. Unknown. Flight period. Based on specimens available, adults fly from mid-march to late May. Distribution. So far this species is known only from the province of Bas-Congo of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Figs 2, 3, 5). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin talea (a slender stick) in reference to the stick-shaped longitudinal sclerotization of phallus. Remarks. In the male genitalia the juxta apically is fused with the phallus, therefore during preparation, if the phallus is removed, the apical part of juxta can be separated along with the phallus. Urodeta tortuosa sp. n. (Figs 1, 3, 4, 83 88) Type material. Holotype: 1, CAMEROON, North Province, Faro River Camp, 275 m, 08 23 N 012 49 E, 09.v.2005, leg. J. & W. De Prins. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005288, gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00624 (RMCA). 10 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

Diagnosis. Urodeta tortuosa is a small, lightly-coloured species, with indistinct wing markings. The female genitalia of this species can be separated from other Urodeta species known from Central Africa by the following combination of characters: (1) apophyses posteriores not developed; (2) sternum 8 strongly sclerotized; (3) ductus bursae spirally coiled; (4) corpus bursae without signum. Female (Figs 83, 84). Forewing length 2.7 mm; wingspan 6.1 mm (n=1). Head: Frons white; vertex and neck tuft white, weakly mottled with brown tips of scales; labial palpus very short and straight, about 0.5 times as long as width of head, white; scape white, with few brown tipped scales; flagellum brown, basally annulated with white. Thorax, tegula and forewing white, irregularly dusted with brown; fringe greyish white. Hindwing and its fringe greyish. Male. Unknown. Female genitalia (Figs 85 88). Papillae anales short, sclerotized. Apophyses posteriores not developed. Apophyses anteriores extending from central part of segment and spreading apart laterad. Sternum 8 strongly sclerotized, posterior margin folded forming wide pocket. Antrum short, with strongly sclerotized lateral margins. Colliculum dilated, unevenly sclerotized, with 6 minute spines (Fig. 88). Ductus bursae long, spirally coiled. Corpus bursae oval, without signum or internal spines. Biology. Unknown. Flight period. The only known specimen was captured in the beginning of May. Distribution. So far this species is known only from the North Province of Cameroon (Figs 1, 3, 4). Etymology. The specific name tortuosa refers to the spirally coiled ductus bursae, meaning full of turns and windings in Latin. Discussion The collecting efforts in Central Africa resulted in the discovery of seven new species from Cameroon and three new species from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nine of the ten species dealt with in this paper belong to the genus Urodeta. With the present work, the numbers of described species in the genus Urodeta is doubled, making it the most diverse group of Elachistinae in Central Africa. The microlepidoptera fauna of this biogeographical subregion comprises a large component of species with very limited geographical ranges, usually not extending to more than the type locality. Although the collecting activities in Central Africa are far from adequate, the trend towards endemism of micromoths is rather evident (De Prins & De Prins 2011 and references therein). However, there is no doubt that the distribution pattern of some species of smaller moths already is or will be corrected in the future when targeted efforts are applied to discover a particular species outside the type locality (De Prins et al. 2009). Whether the shown species endemism or pseudo-endemism in Central Africa is related to the species age or to the age of its biotope demands a separate study which falls out of the aim of this paper. We conclude that up to now all new elachistine species described in the present study are known only from the type localities despite the attentiveness of the authors to detect these moths in different areas of the Afrotropics. As large areas of tropical Africa are still insufficiently explored, the numbers of elachistine species undoubtedly are expected to be much higher. Unfortunately, there are still no documented data available on the biology of the Urodeta species in the Afrotropics. Note: preliminary records and observations are available on the mining, pupation and emergence of one probable Urodeta specimen on a monocot plant in Bas-Congo (DRC) (Fig. 89; pers. observ. by JDP). However, these data require further confirmation. Acknowledgements JDP kindly acknowledges the invaluable assistance in logistics and hospitality of Koen Maes (Cameroon), Laurent Nsenga (DRC) and Bruno Perodeau (DRC). We deeply acknowledge the far going plans of these latter two gentlemen to reforest a huge area in the DRC and protect the wildlife ecosystems. We thank very much Knud Larsen for his generous gift of the U. faro paratype specimen. JDP expresses gratitude to her travel fellows, Knud Larsen and Toke Zandersen, for their pleasant companionship in Cameroon. The Belgian Science Policy Office is gratefully ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 11

acknowledged for financing the field work of JDP in Cameroon and in the DRC. We thank Sergey Sinev for his kind assistance to arrange the Gelechioidea collection at the RMCA. The taxonomic / morphological study of VS was funded by the grant No. MIP-049/2011 obtained from the Research Council of Lithuania. The authors greatly appreciate the encouragement of Lauri Kaila to study the taxonomy of African Elachistinae. The received comments of Joel Minet and the anonymous reviewer to this paper are gratefully acknowledged. We express our cordial thanks to the editor Jean-François Landry for offering his kind suggestions which improved the context and the flow of text of the present paper. References De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2011) Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera). Royal Museum for Central Africa and Belgian Biodiversity Platform. Available from www.afromoths.net (accessed 01 April 2011). De Prins, J. Mozūraitis, R., Lopez-Vaamonde, C. & Rougerie, R. (2009) Sex attractant, distribution and DNA barcodes for the Afrotropical leaf-mining moth Phyllonorycter melanosparta (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Zootaxa, 2281, 53 67. Hodges, R.W. (1998) The Gelechioidea. In: Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology IV/35, Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Vol. 1. Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, pp. 131 158. Kaila, L. (1999) Phylogeny and classification of the Elachistidae s. s. (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). Systematic Entomology, 24(2), 139 169. Kaila, L. (2011). Elachistine moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Elachistidae). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera,.vol. 11. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. 443 pp. Kaila, L. & Ståhls, G. (2006) DNA barcodes: Evaluating the potential of COI to diffentiate [sic] closely related species of Elachista (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Elachistidae) from Australia. Zootaxa, 1170, 1 26. Kaila, L. & Sugisima, K. (2011) Phylogeny, subfamily definition and generic classification. In: Kaila, L. Elachistine moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Elachistidae). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera, vol. 11, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 7 22. Kristensen, N.P. (2003) Skeleton and muscles: adults. In: Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.), Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Vol. 2. Morphology, Physiology, and Development. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, pp. 39 122. Leal, M. E. (2004) The African rain forest during the Last Glacial Maximum, an archipelago of forests in a sea of grass. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, xiii+96 pp. Meyrick, E. (1909) Descriptions of Transvaal Micro-Lepidoptera. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 2(1), 1 28. Meyrick, E. (1938) Pterophoridae, Tortricina and Tineina. Exploration du Parc National Albert, 14, 1 28. Nye, I.W.B. & Fletcher, D.S. (1991) The generic names of moths of the world, vol. 6, Microlepidoptera. Natural History Museum Publications, London. 368 pp. Parenti, U. (1988) About some African and Asiatic species of the family Elachistidae (Lepidoptera) described by E. Meyrick. Stapfia, 16, 185 198. Parenti, U. & Varalda, P.J. (1994) Gli Elachistidi (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae) e le loro piante ospiti. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino, 12(1), 73 136. Robinson, G.S. (1976) The preparation of slides of Lepidoptera genitalia with special reference to the Microlepidoptera. Entomologist s Gazette, 27, 127 132. Sruoga, V. & De Prins, J. (2009) The Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) of Kenya with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa, 2172: 1 31. Stainton, H.T. (1869) The Tineina of Southern Europe. John van Voorst, London. 370 pp. Traugott-Olsen, E. & Schmidt Nielsen, E.S. (1977) The Elachistidae (Lepidoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 6, 1 299. Vári, L., Kroon, D. M. & Krüger, M. (2002) Classification and Checklist of the species of Lepidoptera recorded in Southern Africa. Simple Solutions, Chatswood, xxi+384 pp. 12 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

FIGURES 1 5. Collecting localities of the Afrotropical Elachistinae species. 1, Cameroon, North Province, Faro River floodplain; 2, DRC, Bas-Congo, Mayumbe Forest; 3, general map indicating collecting sites; 4, collecting site in Cameroon; 5, collecting site in DRC. ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 13

FIGURES 6 12. Elachista cordata sp. n. 6, holotype. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005253. Scale bar 1 mm; 7, head, latero-frontal view, male, paratype. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005254; 8, general view of male genitalia (phallus removed); 9, phallus; 10, juxta region; 11, apical part of phallus. Holotype. Scale bar 0.1 mm. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00592, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005253; 12, gnathos, in glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal. Paratype. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005254. 14 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

FIGURES 13 18. Urodeta absidata, sp. n., holotype. 13, adult male. Scale bar 1 mm; 14, head, frontal view; 15, general view of male genitalia (phallus removed); 16, phallus; 17, apical part of male genitalia (arrow pointing to cusp-shaped spine); 18, apical part of phallus. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00594, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005274. Scale bar 0.1 mm. ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 15

FIGURES 19 22. Urodeta absidata, sp. n. 19, male genitalia, ventral view; 20, male genitalia, lateral view. Holotype, in glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005274; 21, female genitalia, caudal part; 22, ductus and corpus bursae. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00595, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005931. Scale bar 0.1 mm. 16 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

FIGURES 23 28. Urodeta acerba, sp. n. 23, adult male; 24, head, frontal view. Paratype. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004120. Scale bar 1 mm; 25, general view of male genitalia (phallus removed); 26, phallus. Holotype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00596, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005278; 27, male genitalia, lateral view, in glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal; 28, apical part of phallus (arrow pointing to apex of juxta). Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00597, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005279. Scale bar 0.1 mm. ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 17

FIGURES 29 32. Urodeta acerba, sp. n., female genitalia. 29, caudal part; 30, ductus and corpus bursae; 31, caudal part, enlarged. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00598, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005280. Scale bar 0.1 mm; 32, corpus bursae, in glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal. Paratype. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005289. 18 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

FIGURES 33 36. Urodeta aculeata, sp. n., holotype. 33, adult male. Scale bar 1 mm; 34, head, latero-frontal view; 35, general view of male genitalia (phallus removed); 36, phallus. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00601, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005275. Scale bar 0.1 mm. ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 19

FIGURES 37 41. Urodeta bucera, sp. n. 37, adult male. Scale bar 1 mm; 38, head, frontal view. Paratype. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004119; 39, general view of male genitalia (phallus removed); 40, phallus. Holotype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00602, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004125. Scale bar 0.1 mm; 41, male genitalia, lateral view, in glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal. Paratype. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004121. 20 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

FIGURES 42 49. Urodeta bucera, sp. n., female genitalia. 42, caudal part; 43, ductus and corpus bursae; 44, caudal part, enlarged; 45, ductus bursae with internal spines; 46, signum. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00606, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004123; 47, signum. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00609, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004127; 48, signum. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00607, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005290; 49, signum. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00608, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004124. Scale bar 0.1 mm. ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 21

FIGURES 50 53. Urodeta crenata, sp. n., holotype. 50, adult male. Scale bar 1 mm; 51, head, frontal view; 52, general view of male genitalia (phallus removed); 53, phallus. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00610, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005272. Scale bar 0.1 mm. 22 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

FIGURES 54 55. Urodeta crenata, sp. n., male genitalia. 54, ventral view of valvae. Paratype. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005276; 55, lateral view. Holotype. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005272. In glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal. ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 23

FIGURES 56 60. Urodeta cuspidis, sp. n. 56, adult male. Scale bar 1 mm; 57, head, latero-frontal view. Holotype. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005283; 58, general view of male genitalia. Holotype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00612, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005283; 59, phallus (arrow pointing to apex of juxta lobe); 60, basal part of phallus. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00614, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005281. Scale bar 0.1 mm. 24 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

FIGURES 61 63. Urodeta cuspidis, sp. n., male genitalia. 61, ventral view; 62, lateral view. Paratype. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005286; 63, juxta region, dorsal view. Paratype. Specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005284. In glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal. ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 25

FIGURES 64 67. Urodeta faro, sp. n., holotype. 64, adult female. Scale bar 1 mm; 65, head, frontal view; 66, caudal part of female genitalia; 67, ductus and corpus bursae. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00622, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005282. Scale bar 0.1 mm. 26 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

FIGURES 68 71. Urodeta faro, sp. n., female genitalia. 68, caudal part, enlarged; 69, colliculum; 70, ductus bursae. Holotype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00622, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005282; 71, corpus bursae. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00623, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005287. Scale bar 0.1 mm. ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 27

FIGURES 72 74. Urodeta talea, sp. n., holotype. 72, adult male. Scale bar 1 mm; 73, head, frontal view; 74, general view of male genitalia. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00616, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004118. Scale bar 0.1 mm. 28 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

FIGURES 75 76. Urodeta talea, sp. n., male genitalia. 75, lateral view; 76, juxta and phallus. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00620, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005269. Scale bar 0.1 mm. ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 29

FIGURES 77 82. Urodeta talea, sp. n., female genitalia. 77, caudal part; 78, ductus and corpus bursae. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/ KMMA 00619, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005266; 79, signum. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00617, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004117; 80, signum. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00618, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005259; 81, signum. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00621, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005261; 82, signum. Paratype. Gen. prep. MRAC/ KMMA 00619, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005266. Scale bar 0.1 mm. 30 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS

FIGURES 83 86. Urodeta tortuosa, sp. n., holotype. 83, adult female. Scale bar 1 mm; 84, head, frontal view; 85, caudal part of female genitalia; 86, ductus and corpus bursae. Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00624, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005288. Scale bar 0.1 mm. ELACHISTINAE (ELACHISTIDAE) FROM CAMEROON AND CONGO Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press 31

FIGURES 87 88. Urodeta tortuosa, sp. n., female genitalia, holotype. 87, caudal part; 88, colliculum region (arrow pointing to spines in colliculum). Gen. prep. MRAC/KMMA 00624, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005288. Scale bar 0.1 mm. FIGURE 89. Mine of Elachistinae sp. on leaf of unidentified grass. Mayumbe forest, Bas-Congo, DRC, 15 March 2006. Photographed by JDP. 32 Zootaxa 3008 2011 Magnolia Press SRUOGA & DE PRINS