Cuota Global Anual de Captura de Jurel

Chilean Law 20.625 Regulating Discards at Sea; Cuota Global Anual de Captura de Jurel Its implementation in National Fisheries Presented by Luis Cocas Diciembre de 2012

2003-2011 NOAA Fisheries Observer, Alaska 2013 DAG Meeting UK 2002 Rutgers University New Jersey, USA 2000 Marine Biology Valparaiso University Chile 2012 to present Director Discard Program & Fisheries Observer Program Undersecretariat for Fisheries Chilean Government Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 2

Km² Chile Mainland 2,009,299 Pacific Island 1,672,690 Total EEZ 3,681,989 Km² United Kingdom 773,676 Overseas Territories 2,328,933 Total EEZ 6,805,586 5 th Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 3 11 th

Capture production by principal producers 2010 World Total: 89 Million MT. Source: FAO, 2012 37.3 Other countries 0.61 UK; 28 th 2.7 Chile ; 9 th 15.4 China Million of Metric tons China 15.4 Indonesia 5.4 India 4.7 USA 4.4 Peru 4.1 Russian Fed 4 Japan 3.1 Myanmar 2.7 Chile 2.7 Norway 2.7 UK 0.6 Other Countries 37 4

1,4 Volume of Exports Fisheries and Aquaculture 1997-2011 Millions Metric tons 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Fisheries Aquaculture 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year 3,5 Value of Exports Fisheries and Aquaculture 1997-2011 Billion US $ 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Fisheries Aquaculture 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 5 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 6

Aquaculture Centers 22% 35% Registered artisanal vessels Industrial Vessels operating Total Disembark 4,435,373 MT Registered artisanal fishermen 43% Whatever happens in fisheries and aquaculture has strong socio-economic impacts Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 7

Number of Fishing Vessels 2012 Total: 13541 468 ~3% Number of artisanal vessels by gear 2012 Total 130173 5102 Vessels 82% Landings 13073 ~97% industrial Artisanal 7971 Vessels 18% Landings Purse seine vessels Other gears Number of artisanal vessels by length range Total: 13073 3500 3387 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1 12 62 343 1087 2340 2079 1185 581 728 153 191 259 Number of vessels 428 106 131 1-2 m 2-3 m 3-4 m 4-5 m 5-6 m 6-7 m 7-8 m 8-9 m 9-10 m 10-11 m 11-12 m 12-13 m 13-14 m 14-15 m 15-16 m 16-17 m 17-18 m Number of vessels Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 8

25000 Number of Fishermen 2012 Total : 89680 Number of Fishermen 24918 23149 Number of Fishermen 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1366 2358 3509 4614 5957 5319 2494 1212 0 Regions of Chile 1855 4279 3046 5604 Number of Fishermen by Category 2011 Total: 88132 33700 12979 Arisanal vessel owners Skippers and crews 14426 52435 Divers Gatherers, apnea divers, seawed collectors Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 9

Evolution of landings 2000-2010 Percentage of participation 100 80 60 40 20 % Industrial % Artisanal 0 2000 2003 2005 2008 2010 Year Industrial Landings 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 6,9 Industrial Landings 1,5 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Millions Metric tons Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 10

6 5 4,9 Capture 2001-2010 Source: FAO, 2012 Millions Metric tons 4 3 2 3,8 2,7 Chile 1 0,7 0,6 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 UK Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 11

Million Metric tons 2 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 Pelagic Fisheries 1,86 1,65 1,19 0,89 0,32 0,25 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 ANCHOVY SPANISH SARDINE AUSTRAL SARDINE COMMON SARDINE JACK MACKEREL SWORD FISH 180 160 162 Demersal Fisheries Thousands of Metric tons 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 121 29 70 45 20 CHILEAN HAKE HOKI SOUTHERN BLUE WHITING SOUTHER HAKE GOLDEN KING CLIP SPLENDID ALFONSINO CHILEAN SEA BASS DEEPWATER CARDINALFISH 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 12

7 6 6,527 Crustacean Fisheries Thousands of Metric tons 5 4 3 2 2,336 NAILON SHRIMP YELLOW CRAWFISH RED CRAWFISH KING GRAB KING GRAB 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Millions Metric tons 5 4 3 2 1 0 4,4 1995 1996 1997 Landings for Jack Mackerel in Chile 1995-2011 1998 1999 2000 2001 Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 13 2002 Disembarks 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 0,22 2011

Changos Alacaluf es Chonos Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 14

In most fisheries catches brought on board are selected. What is not utilizable is returned to the sea where usually dies Discards can occur for many reasons, economic, regulatory, technological, etc. No quantifying discards may have adverse effects for managing fish stocks; underestimated fishing mortality introduces bias in science advice Waste of food resources and economic opportunities. Adverse effects on the marine environment Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 15

Global annual discards in metric tons Disembarks with discard information available 78448399 FAO average for nominal catch 1992-2001 (FishStat) 83805355 Average rate of discards 8% Estimated total discards 6824186 Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 16

Worst Best Weighed average discard rate (%) Range of discard Fishery Landings Discards ¹ rates % Shrimp trawl 1126267 1865064 62.3 0-96 Demersal finfish trawl 16050978 1704107 9.6 0.5-83 Tuna and HMS longline 1403591 560481 28.5 0-40 Midwater pelagic trawl 4133203 147126 3.4 0-56 Tuna purse seine 2673378 144152 5.1 0.4-10 Multigear y multiespecies 6023146 85436 1.4 n.d. Mobile trap/pot 240551 72472 23.2 0-61 Dredge 165660 65373 28.3 9.5-60 Small pellagic purse seine 3882885 48852 1.2 0-27 Demersal longline 581560 47257 7.5 0.5-57 Gillnet (surface/bottom/trammel) 3350299 29004 0.5 0-66 Handline 155211 3149 2.0 0-7 Tuna pole and line 818505 3121 0.4 0-1 Hand collection 1134432 1671 0.1 0-1 Squid jig 960432 1601 0.1 0-1 ¹ The sum of discards in this table is less than the global estimate, as a number of discard database records could not be assigned to particular fisheries

Chile 2%?

Defines discards at sea and incidental catch Turtles Seabirds Marine mammals

Prohibits discards of the target species and bycatch, unless some requirements are met Establishes penalties for who disobey the Law It will be monitored by cameras on board (CCTV) September 2014 :Industrial Fleet September 2017 : Artisanal Fleet It requires the development of a Research Program on discards It requires the development of a Reduction Plan to reduce discards and incidental catches Added Title VIII Scientific/Fisheries Observer

Discard Law Mandatory safe release of marine mammals, turtles and seabirds unless they are severely injured If so, they must be taken to rehabilitation centers on shore Mandatory release for other species according to administrative measures

Will have to inform discards to The National Fisheries Service (Enforcement Agency) Any vessel > 45 ft long shall install and keep operative during the entire fishing trip a CCTV System (Cameras-EM) to detect and register discards at sea. (2014 Industrial; 2017 Artisanal) Installation and maintenance of the EM system by the ship-owner Collection and processing of images to be held by the National Fisheries Service or external entities. Within two years of the Discard Law enacting, shall be issued the "Regulations on CCTV Systems". Research Program results will be considered for writing regulations. No regulations on CCTV No obligations or sanctions CCTV related.

Enough evidence on discards has been collected according to the Research Program. The Research Program on the target species and its bycatch keeps running. It has been established an annual global quota for the target species. The annual quota has included the discards. The target species and its bycatch are subjected to a Reduction Plan for discards. Discard does not affect the preservation of the target species. Annually, the Undersecretariat for Fisheries will establish the list of target species and its bycatch that meet the requirements mentioned above.

Owner of the vessel that discarded 2500-25000 US$ Captain/skipper who commited the offense 2500-25000 US$ (industrial) 250-2500 US$ (artisanal) Vessel operating without a functioning CCTV System or has tampered / interfered CCTV System (September,2014) 1700-25000 US$ (Vessel -owner) 250-2500 US$ (Captain/Skipper) Omission or incomplete delivery of information regarding discards: 250-2500 US$ Delivering false information 4200-25000 US$

During the Research Program on discards, penalties regarding discards will not be applicable to any vessel actively participating in the Program according to protocols: Observers onboard Self reporting by skippers (logbooks)

Aims to quantify discards, determine the causes of discard, how discard is being carried out, and the means by which the information will be recorded Lasting two years minimum. At least should consider the information collected by observers onboard and logbooks completed by captains/skeepers of the fleet As an outcome, it should propose measures aimed to mitigate discards It will allow to gather the scientific background to elaborate a Reduction Plan for discards of target species, bycatch, and also for incidental catches Throughout resolution, the Undersecretariat for Fisheries will designate the target species and its bycatch to be studied annually by the Program.

2 species of Hake (Merlucius gayi gayi) 27 Industrial vessels and 860 artisanal vessels (Macruronus magellanicus) only Industrial fleet 19 vessels 1 species of Shrimp (Heterocarpus reedi) Industrial fleet 2 species of Crawfish (Cervimunida johni) Industrial fleet 27 vessels (Pleuroncodes monodon) Industrial fleet

CRUSTACEANS April, 2013 HAKE June, 2013 HOKI September, 2013 2014 has been requested a significant budget increase Increase coverage in fisheries 2013? Incorporate new fisheries to the program?

Total number of species : 112 Bony fishes 58 Chondrichthyans 22 Crustaceans 19 Molluscs 5 Echinoderms 4 Marine mammal 1 Cnidaria 1 Porifera 1 Frequency of occurrence of bycatch Squid 41% Flounder (sole) 31% Crab 31% Conger 20% Red Crawfish 19% Blanquillo 14%

Annual average size for Industrial hake Males and females combined Indicates 37 cm

Shrimp North CAMARON NAILON (72,2%) GRNADERO ACONCAGUA (7,7%) MERLUZA COMUN (5,4%) South CAMARON NAILON (77%) GRNADERO ACONCAGUA (5,7%) MERLUZA COMUN (4,5%) GRANADERO CHILENO (5,1%) GRANADERO CHILENO (2,6%) LENGUADO DE OJO GRANDE (2,3%) LENGUADO OJO GRANDE (1,5%) 72 % Shrimp LANGOSTINO AMARILLO (1%) OTRAS ESPECIES (30) (6,3%) 77 % Shrimp RAYA VOLANTIN (1,3%) OTRAS ESPECIES (66) (7,5%) Yellow Crawfish North LANGOSTINO AMARILLO (90,2%) MERLUZA COMUN (2,4%) South LANGOSTINO AMARILLO (78,1%) LANGOSTINO COLORADO (14,1%) LENGUADO DE OJO GRANDE (2,4%) JAIBA PACO (1,5%) LENGUADO DE OJO GRANDE (2,5%) CAMARON NAILON (1,8%) LANGOSTINO COLORADO (1,3%) MERLUZA COMUN (1,5%) 90% Yellow carawfish JAIBA LIMON (0,6%) OTRAS ESPECIES (13) (1,7%) 78% Yellow crawfish JAIBA PACO (1%) OTRAS ESPECIES (12) (1%) Red Crawfish North LANGOSTINO COLORADO (92,4%) MERLUZA COMUN (4,0%) South LANGOSTINO COLORADO (94%) MERLUZA COMUN (2,7%) LANGOSTINO AMARILLO (1,4%) LENGUADO DE OJO GRANDE (1,0%) JAIBA PACO (0,9%) LENGUADO DE OJO GRANDE (0,9%) LANGOSTINO AMARILLO (0,8%) TIBURON NEGRO (0,4%) 92,% Red crawfish JAIBA LIMON (0,3%) OTRAS ESPECIES (2) (0,1%) 94% Red crawfish JAIBA LIMON (0,3%) OTRAS ESPECIES (9) (0,8%)

In a maximum of 3 years from the implementation of the Research Program on discards, a Reduction Plan shall be in place, the Plan shall contain: Administrative measures and technological improvements/changes to reduce discards and incidental catches Monitoring Program for the Reduction Plan Assessment of the reduction measures implemented A training program for fishermen A program to provide information to the community regarding discards and good fishing practices. A code of conduct for responsible fishing practices Government Incentives for the innovation in fishing gears and fishing practices,aiming to reduce discards and incidental catches

Scientific (Fisheries)Observer (OC): Data collected by observers are considered critical to estimate accurately the discards and other fishery information Must accomplish qualifications Must be designated by the Undersecretariat for Fisheries In charge of the observation of interactions between fishing activities and the marine environment, and the collection of fishery and biological data for research, conservation, and management. Under no circumstances they will act as enforcement agents, inspectors or can monitor compliance of fishing regulations

Title VIII Added by the Discard Law No Observer onboard designated vessel (artisanal or Industrial) No fishing Ship-owner should ensure that captains and crew of their vessels provide extensive cooperation to the observer onboard, as well as: Adequate space for collection and analysis of samples Adequate place to process data Adequate accommodations, food, personal safety, and access communication Observers will be provided with a tracking device for personal emergencies (PLB) Who obstruct the exercise of the observer duties aboard ships or processing plants will be punished by fines 250-25000 US$

Information collected under the Research Program will be public (names of ships and ship-owners encoded) and may be required by any institution for evaluation, and to generate proposals for the Reduction Plan. Information collected by Observers will be managed by the Undersecretariat for Fisheries and will be only used for management and conservation.

Inadequate sample stations or space to record/process data

Self reporting in logbooks (accuracy of information is critical) Cooperation with the observer (collecting and processing samples) Change their normal operation to allow data collection