Selective Fisheries. What is Selectivity and how is it used in Columbia River Fisheries?

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Selective Fisheries What is Selectivity and how is it used in Columbia River Fisheries?

Selective Fisheries What is a Selective Fishery? Mark-Selective Selective: : Harvest limited to retention of fin-marked hatchery fish T-A-G G Selective: : Fisheries using time, area, and/or gear regulations to minimize by-catch while targeting a specific species or stock Why Needed? Minimize take of wild fish to remain within total ESA and fishery-specific specific impact guidelines Minimize by-catch Maximize harvest of target stock

Selective Fisheries Columbia River Recreational Fisheries Mark Selective Mainstem spring Chinook, coho,, steelhead Tributary spring Chinook, coho,, steelhead T-A-G G Selective Select Area fall Chinook Mainstem fall Chinook (since 2007) Non-Selective Mainstem summer Chinook (since 05)

Jan Feb Mar Ap r Selective Fisheries >Wauna Sturgeon Recreational Fisheries May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec C&R Estuary Sturgeon C&R Winter Steelhead Spring Chinook (CR/Will 2001; Tribs 2002-06) Summer STH S.Chinook (since July 2005) Buoy 10 (Coho/STH) LCR Fall (Coho/STH) Mark-Selective

Mark-Selective Mainstem spring Chinook T-A-G G Selective Mainstem Winter sturgeon Summer Chinook Fall Chinook Chum/Sockeye Select Areas Fall Chinook Coho Selective Fisheries Commercial Fisheries

Selective Fisheries Commercial Fisheries Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Winter STG (Gear) Winter /Spring Salmon (Mark-2001, Time, Area, Gear) Shad (Time, Area, Gear) Summer (Gear) Fall (Time, Area, Gear) Winter Spring Fall (Time, Area, Gear) Mark-Selective

Time, Area, and Gear Selectivity Time Selectivity Upriver Run Size 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 Upriver run size Days Open Mark-selective sport fisheries implemented 2001 Upper CR CHS listed 3/99 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Open Fishing Days Figure X. Days open to recreational spring Chinook fishing on the mainstem Columbia River and upriver spring Chinook run size, 1977-2007

Time, Area, and Gear Selectivity Area Selectivity Number CHS Harvested per 0.1% Upriver CHS impact rate 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 SAFE Comm MS Rec MS Comm 2004 2005 2006 2007 Figure X. Average number of spring Chinook harvested per 0.1% upriver impact, 2004-2007

Time, Area, and Gear Selectivity Gear Selectivity CPUE 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Small Mesh Size Chinook/Delivery Coho/Delivery Large Figure X. Average catch per delivery by mesh size during mainstem late fall commercial fishing periods, 2006-2007

Goals: Selective Fisheries Mainstem Columbia R Commercial Spring Chinook Target harvest on hatchery CHS Minimize by-catch (Wild winter steelhead, sturgeon, shad) Highly Regulated: Test fishing (time) Tangle & large-mesh nets (gear) Optional WWS excluders (gear) Specific zones (area) Short periods (time) Short nets (survival) Short drift times (survival) Recovery boxes (survival) Mandatory training (survival) Mandatory observers

Selective Fisheries Mainstem Columbia R Commercial Spring Chinook Impact Rate (%) 12 10 8 6 4 2 WWS Impact Rate Hatchery CHS per WWS mortality 160 120 80 40 CHS harvested/wws mortality 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 0 Figure X. Wild winter steelhed impact rate and number of hatchery spring Chinook harvested per wild winter steelhead (WWS) mortality in mainstem Columbia River commercial spring Chinook fisheries, 2001-2007

Steelhead Excluders Steelhead Excluder Weedline Corkline Steelhead Excluder - Mesh 5 Weedline 4 ¼ Web Leadline Steelhead Excluder Dropper (Bobber type) Floats: buoys, rings of corks, empty milk jugs, etc. 5 Corkline 4 ¼ Web Leadline

Recovery Box Recovery: : protected environment to recover and work out metabolic wastes Revival: : forced ventilation of non-breathing fish fish CPR

Fish Condition 1 = Lively, not bleeding 2 = Lively, bleeding 3 = Lethargic, not bleeding 4 = Lethargic, bleeding 5 = No visible signs of life

Fish Condition Frequency 100% 80% 60% 40% Capture Release N=67 20% Frequency 0% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Lively Lively, bleeding Lethargic Lethargic, bleeding "Dead" Figure X. Frequency of capture and release conditions for winter steelhead collected in 4.25 and 4.5" tangle nets, 2002 and 2004. Capture Release N=102 0% Lively Lively, bleeding Lethargic Lethargic, bleeding "Dead" Figure X. Frequency of capture and release conditions for spring Chinook collected in 4.25 and 4.5" tangle nets, 2002 and 2004.

Conclusions: Selective Fisheries Many types of selectivity exist Regardless of selectivity, all mixed stock fisheries impact ESA-listed stocks to some degree Need to consider both incremental and cumulative affects to determine impact of fishery on listed stocks Refining time, area, gear selectivity is a trial and error process (need time and research to refine) What type and amount of selectivity is needed for a fishery to be selective?

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