UNIT 2 SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND LABORATORY SAFETY

UNIT 2 SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND LABORATORY SAFETY

SUMMARY 6 steps to the Scientific Method Why lab safety is important? Lab safety protocol How to properly use and identify equipment

SCIENTIFIC METHOD Scientific Method: a series of steps used to help solve scientific problems 6 steps 1. Observe 2. Research/Question 3. Hypothesize 4. Develop a controlled experiment 5. Analyze Data 6. Communicate Results

MAKE AN OBSERVATION After making an observation of the natural world, you need to define the problem you want to study Make sure there is only one problem/version The more specific the better Cats seem to always land on their feet. Cancer makes people depressed.

RESEARCH AND QUESTION THE PROBLEM Use available resources to collect data on the subject you are studying Libraries, Internet, Books, Personal Interviews etc. When collecting resources it is imperative that resource be credible You must also cite your sources and acknowledge your sources when communicating your results, it adds validity to your claim

DEVELOP A HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis: educated guess Make a short definitive if then statement Your Hypothesis will adapt throughout your research. It is not concrete! Your Hypothesis statement will be revised at the end of the research and restated.

DEVELOP A CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT Controlled Experiment or Control Group: an experiment group with only 1 experimental variable Experiment Variable: things that are being tested The key to a good set of research experiments is keeping all the variables the same from case to case except for one variable. Mice experiment

ANALYZE DATA This is where your compile all your data and figure out if your observation and hypothesis were correct. If they were, start getting ready to communicate results If they weren t, go back to your experiments and make sure there were no errors and everything is the exact same from case to case but the one variable you were studying If your experiments still do not support your case then amend hypothesis to fit the new found results.

COMMUNICATE RESULTS Talk about and inform others about your findings Write a paper Tell a friend Find a way to inform others about your findings so they can benefit from it too.

WHY IS LAB SAFETY IS IMPORTANT? Laboratory safety helps prevent personal injury and keeps all people in the lab safe from any negative consequences of the equipment. Laboratory safety tells you how to handle an emergency Laboratory safety provides a standard code on how to handle laboratory equipment.

LAB SAFETY PROTOCOL 1. Report all accidents, injuries, and breakages of glass or equipment to instructor immediately 2. Keep pathways clear of books, bags etc. 3. Long hair must be tied back (fire hazard) 4. Wear appropriate clothing (not long baggy clothes, flip flops, or anything excessively flammable dry fit ) 5. Read all the procedures before you start the experiments

LAB SAFETY PROTOCOL 6. Do not taste or directly smell chemicals (if needed waft the smell) 7. Wear safety googles to protect eyes at all time unless instructed otherwise 8. Never point a test tube that is being heated at another student 9. Horse play in the lab is prohibited

LAB SAFETY PROTOCOL 10. Follow all instruction given by the teacher 11. Use tongs and other safety equipment when handling hot glass ware 12. Obey all caution and warning signs 13. Know where fire extinguishers, fire blankets, wash stations, and exits are located 14. When finished with lab clean lab table off clean all glassware

LAB EQUIPMENT AND ITS USES (MICROSCOPE) Oculars: 10 x magnification lense Arm: handle for lifting the microscope Fine Adjustment knob- adjusts the fine focus in high powers Course adjustment knob- adjusts lower power focusing good for scanning and positioning Base- acts as a support for the entire microscope keep one hand under when carrying

LAB EQUIPMENT AND ITS USES (MICROSCOPE) Diaphragm: controls the amount of light paling through the specimen Stage: where the slide is placed for viewing Stage Clips: Anchors and moves the slide Nose Piece: Revolving lenses that switch objectives 10x 40x and 100x

Ocular Lense Nosepiece Arm Stage Controls Stage Clips Course Adjustment Knob Fine Adjustment Knob Objective Lenses Stage Diaphragm Light Source Base

OTHER EQUIPMENT Graduated Cylinder Erlenmeler Flask Test Tubes Test Tube Holders Beaker

SUMMERY 6 steps to the Scientific Method Why lab safety is important? Lab safety protocol How to properly use and identify the equipment