DRAFT TENNYSON STREET ANGLED PARKING ANALYSIS Prepared for: City and County of Denver Department of Public Works, Engineering Division Traffic Engineering Services Parking Operations 201 W. Colfax Avenue, Department 508 Denver, CO 80202 Prepared by: Felsburg Holt & Ullevig 6300 South Syracuse Way, Suite 600 Centennial, CO 80111 303/721-1440 Project Manager: Jeffrey Ream, PE, PTOE Project Engineer: Ryan Germeroth, PE FHU Reference No. 09-038-03 October 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 II. EXISTING CONDITIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 III. ANGLED PARKING ANALYSIS------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 Option 1: Angled Parking Using Existing Roadway Width---------------------------------------- 6 Option 2: Angled Parking on One Side of the Roadway ------------------------------------------ 8 Option 3: Angled Parking on One Side of the Roadway, Parallel on the Other ------------10 Option 4: Angled Parking with 41 st and 42 nd Avenue designated as one-way streets ----13 Option 5: Higher Angled Parking on One Side of the Roadway, Parallel on the Other --15 IV. STUDY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -----------------------------------------18
LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Existing Conditions-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Figure 2. Option 1: Angled Parking Using Existing Road Width ----------------------------------- 7 Figure 3. Option 2: Angled Parking on One Side and Widened Road---------------------------- 9 Figure 4. Widened Road with Angled Parking on One Side, Parallel on the Other ----------11 Figure 5. Park Intrusion into Chavez Park with Minimum-Depth Angled Parking ------------12 Figure 6. Parking Conditions with Angled and Parallel Parking and One Way Streets-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 Figure 7. Widened Road with Higher-Angle Parking on One Side, Parallel on the Other-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 Figure 8. Park Intrusion into Chavez Park with Higher-Angle Parking --------------------------17 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Existing Parking Conditions Near Caesar Chavez Park--------------------------------- 4 Table 2. Parking Conditions with Angled Parking and Existing Road Width------------------- 6 Table 3. Parking Conditions with Angled Parking on One Side and Widened Roads ------- 8 Table 4. Parking Conditions with Angled Parking on One Side and Parallel on the Other-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 Table 5. Parking Conditions with Angled and Parallel Parking and One Way Streets-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 Table 6. Parking Conditions with High-Angle Parking Along the Park and Parallel on the Opposite Side ----------------------------------------------------------------------------15 Table 7. Roadway Widening and Net Change in Spaces for Each Scenario-----------------18
I. INTRODUCTION This report summarizes the feasibility study of providing angled parking in the vicinity of Caesar Chavez Park in the Tennyson Business District. Specifically, the study explored whether angled parking can be provided on Tennyson Street along the east side of the park, on 41 st Avenue along the south side of the park, along Utica on the west side of the park and on the south side of 42 nd Street east of Tennyson, opposite the park. Five potential angled parking options were explored for those blocks: Option 1: Layout angled parking using the existing curb-to-curb width on each road, determine the resulting increase or decrease in parking spaces in the area, and determine if the resulting road section provides sufficient through lane widths. Option 2: Layout angled parking using the minimum roadway width for parking on one side of the street only, determine the amount of intrusion into the pedestrian area (i.e., sidewalk and tree lawn) required to provide this width, and determine the resulting increase or decrease in parking spaces in the area. Option 3: Layout angled parking using the minimum roadway width for parking on both sides of the street (angled on one side, parallel on the other), determine the amount of intrusion into the pedestrian area required to provide this width, and determine the resulting increase or decrease in parking spaces in the area. Option 4: Layout angled parking using the using the existing curb-to-curb width on each road with 41 st Avenue and 42 nd Avenue designated as one-way streets, determine the resulting increase or decrease in parking spaces in the area, and determine if the resulting road section provides sufficient through lane widths. Option 5: Maximize the number of additional parking spaces provided by using a higher parking space angle (45 degrees) on all three sides of the park, and parallel parking on the opposite sides of the street, determine the amount of intrusion into the park required to provide this configuration, and determine the resulting increase or decrease in parking spaces in the area. The study also examined how many additional parking spaces would be provided by removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson between 41 st and 42 nd Avenues under the current parallel configuration and under the angled parking configuration. Page 3
II. EXISTING CONDITIONS Figure 1 shows existing parking conditions in the vicinity of Caesar Chavez Park and Table 1 summarizes the parking lane, travel lane and total road width, along with the total number of parking spaces along each block face. The study area not only includes the blocks where angled parking would be provided but also includes the adjacent blocks, since it is necessary to remove some parking on those blocks to shift the travel lanes away from the angled parking. As indicated, there are currently 210 parking spaces along the block faces that would be impacted by the change to angled parking. It should also be noted that the current through lane widths on Utica, 41 st and 42 nd Avenues are less than the 11-foot minimum, but since these are both low volume, low speed local roadways there does not appear to be any compelling reason to widen them. By removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson between 41 st and 42 nd Avenues, two additional parking spaces could be provided on the west (park) side of the street and three on the east. Table 1. Existing Parking Conditions Near Caesar Chavez Park Parking Lane Thru Lane Roadway Parking Location From To Type Width Width Width Spaces 43rd Caesar Chavez Park Parallel 7' 11' 36' 4 Tennyson Southbound Park 41st Parallel 7' 11' 36' 16 1 41st 39th Parallel 7' 11' 36' 19 39th 41st Parallel 7' 11' 36' 18 Tennyson Northbound 41st 42nd Parallel 7' 11' 36' 17 2 42nd 43rd Parallel 7' 11' 36' 18 Tennyson Utica Parallel 7' 10' 34' 11 41 st Westbound Utica Vrain Parallel 7' 10' 34' 11 41 st Eastbound Vrain Tennyson Parallel 7' 10' 34' 20 Utica Northbound 41 st Park 15 parking/travel lane 30' 18 Utica Southbound Park 41st 15 parking/travel lane 30' 18 Tennyson Stuart 15 parking/travel lane 30' 10 42 nd Eastbound Stuart Raleigh 15 parking/travel lane 30' 10 42 nd Westbound Raleigh Tennyson 15 parking/travel lane 30' 20 Total Spaces 210 1. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add two additional spaces to the total. 2. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the total. Page 4
III. ANGLED PARKING ANALYSIS Option 1: Angled Parking Using Existing Roadway Width Figure 2 shows the angled parking layout using the existing roadway widths and Table 2 summarizes the parking lane, travel lane, total road width and number of parking spaces along each block face for that condition. As indicated, while there would be five more spaces available along the park, the loss of parking in the transition blocks and on the opposite side of the streets means the angled parking layout would provide only 125 total spaces, or 85 less than the existing parallel configuration. Furthermore, a minimum travel lane width of 11 feet is required where angled parking is provided so vehicles have room to back out of the parking spaces, but none of the four roads are wide enough to provide that width (they are highlighted on the table), so it would not be possible to create angled parking using the existing roadways. It should also be noted that removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson between 41 st and 42 nd Avenues would provide enough room for three additional angled parking spaces on the west (park) side of the street. Table 2. Parking Conditions with Angled Parking and Existing Road Width Parking Lane Thru Lane Roadway Parking Location From To Type Width Width Width Spaces 43rd Park Parallel 7' 11' 36' 4 Tennyson Southbound Park 41st Angled 16' 10' 36' 19 1 (+3 spaces) 41st 39th Parallel 7' 11' 36' 19 39th 41st Parallel 7' 11' 36' 15 (-3 spaces) Tennyson Northbound 41st 42nd None 0 11' 36' 0 (-17 spaces) 42nd 43rd Parallel 7' 11' 36' 8 (-10 spaces) Tennyson Utica Angled 14' 10' 34' 11 41 st Westbound 10 Utica Vrain Parallel 7' 10' 34' (-1 space) 41 st Eastbound Vrain Tennyson Parallel 7' 10' 34' 2 (-18 spaces) Utica Northbound 41 st Park Angled 14' 8' 30' 16 (-2 spaces) Utica Southbound Park 41 st Parallel 0 8' 30' 0 (-18 spaces) 42 nd Eastbound Tennyson Stuart Angled 14' 8' 30' 8 (-2 spaces) Stuart Raleigh 15 parking/travel lane 30' 10 42 nd Westbound Raleigh Tennyson 15 parking/travel lane 30' 3 (-17 spaces) Total Spaces 125 (-85 spaces) 1. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the block (22 total). Highlight indicates insufficient thru lane width to allow vehicles to safely back out of angled spaces. Page 6
Option 2: Angled Parking on One Side of the Roadway Figure 3 shows the angled parking layout when the roadways are widened to the minimum required width, while Table 3 summarizes the parking lane, travel lane, total road width and number of parking spaces along each block face for that condition. As with Option 1, the layout would only provide 129 total spaces, or 81 less than existing parallel configuration, so the change would result in a significant loss of parking in the business district. Furthermore, to provide the required road width, the five-foot wide tree lawns along the east and south sides of park would need to be narrowed by between two and three feet, which would leave an area that is too narrow for any foliage, and the north tree lawn on 42 nd Avenue would need to be removed altogether. Widening Utica would require removing 6 feet of the 8.5-foot tree lawn along that side of the park, as well. As noted previously, removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson between 41 st and 42 nd Avenues would provide enough room for three additional angled parking spaces on the west (park) side of the street. Table 3. Parking Conditions with Angled Parking on One Side and Widened Roads Parking Lane Thru Lane Roadway Parking Location From To Type Width Width Width Spaces 43rd C.C. Park Parallel 7' 11' 36' 4 Tennyson Southbound C.C. Park 41st Angled 16' 4" 11' 38' 4" 19 1 (+2 4 ) (+3 spaces) 41st 39th Parallel 7' 11' 36' 19 39th 41st Parallel 7' 11' 15 (-3 spaces) Tennyson Northbound 41st 42nd None 0 11' See above 0 (-17 spaces) 42nd 43rd Parallel 7' 11' 8 (-10 spaces) 41 st Westbound Tennyson Utica Angled 14' 11' 36' (+2 ) 11 Utica Vrain Parallel 7' 10' 34' 10 (-1 space) 41 st Eastbound Vrain Tennyson Parallel 7' 10' See above 2 Utica Northbound 41 st Park Angled 14 11' 38' (+6 ) Utica Southbound Park 41 st Parallel 0 11' See above (-18 spaces) 20 (+2 spaces) 0 (-18 spaces) 8 (-2 spaces) 42 nd Eastbound 36' Tennyson Stuart Angled 14' 11' (+6 ) 30'-36 Stuart Raleigh 15 parking/travel lane 10 (+0 to 6 ) 42 nd Westbound Raleigh Tennyson 15 parking/travel lane See above 3 (-17 spaces) Total Spaces 129 (-81 spaces) 1. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the block (22 total). Page 8
Option 3: Angled Parking on One Side of the Roadway, Parallel on the Other Figure 4 shows the angled parking layout when the roadways are widened to provide the minimum width required for angled parking along all three sides of the park and maintain the parallel parking on the opposite side. Table 4 summarizes the parking lane, travel lane, total road width and number of parking spaces along each block face for that condition and indicates that 213 total spaces are provided with parking on both sides of the road, which is only three more space than under the existing parallel configuration. This occurs because the spaces gained by providing angled parking is off-set by those lost in the set-back areas at the midblock crosswalk on Tennyson and on either end of each block. Furthermore, to provide the required road width, the tree lawns along the east and south sides of the park would need to be removed and the sidewalk narrowed to five feet; the tree lawn, sidewalk and three feet of the park would need to be removed along Utica; and the tree lawns on both sides of 42 nd Avenue would need to be removed. Figure 5 shows how this intrusion would affect the park. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson would provide enough room for three additional angled parking spaces on the west side of the street and three more parallel spaces on the east side (six total). Table 4. Other Parking Conditions with Angled Parking on One Side and Parallel on the Parking Lane Thru Lane Roadway Parking Location From To Type Width Width Width Spaces 43rd C.C. Park Parallel 7' 11' 36' 4 Tennyson Southbound C.C. Park 41st Angled 16-'4" 11' 46' 4" 19 1 (+10 4 ) (+3 spaces) 41st 39th Parallel 7' 11' 36' 19 39th 41st Parallel 7' 11' 18 Tennyson Northbound 41st 42nd None 0 11' See above 17 2 42nd 43rd Parallel 7' 11' 18 41 st Westbound Tennyson Utica Angled 14' 10' 44' (+10 ) 11 Utica Vrain Parallel 7' 10' 34' 11 41 st Eastbound Vrain Tennyson Parallel 7' 10' See above 20 Utica Northbound 41 st Park Angled 14 11' 45' 20 (+15 ) (+2 spaces) Utica Southbound Park 41 st Parallel 7 11' See above 18 42 nd Eastbound 44' 8 Tennyson Stuart Angled 14' 11' (+16 ) (-2 spaces) 30'-44 Stuart Raleigh 15 parking/travel lane 10 (+0-16 ) 42 nd Westbound Raleigh Tennyson 15 parking/travel lane See above 20 Total Spaces 213 (+3 spaces) 1. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the block (22 total). 2. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the block (20 total). Page 10
Option 4: Angled Parking with 41 st and 42 nd Avenue designated as one-way streets Figure 5 shows the angled parking layout using the existing curb-to-curb width on 41 st and 42 nd Avenues when the roadways are designated as one-way streets. 43 rd Avenue north of the park would serve as 41 st Avenue s one way couplet and 41 st Avenue one block south on the east side of Tennyson would serve as 42 nd Avenue s one-way couplet. Utica would retain parallel parking on both sides of the street under this scenario to preserve the current roadway width there. Tennyson was not analyzed as a one-way street because there is no logical, nearby north-south street in the area that could serve as it s one-way couplet. Table 5 summarizes the parking lane, travel lane, total road width and number of parking spaces along each block face for that condition and indicates that 200 total spaces are provided, which is 10 less than under the existing parallel configuration because 42 nd Avenue is not wide enough to provide parallel parking on the north side opposite the angled spaces. Furthermore, there would be no net increase in spaces along the park because the angled configuration along 41 st Avenue provides the same number of spaces as the current parallel configuration. As with existing conditions, removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson would provide enough room for three additional parallel spaces on the west side of the street and three more parallel spaces on the east side (six total). Table 5. Parking Conditions with Angled and Parallel Parking and One Way Streets Parking Lane Thru Lane Roadway Parking Location From To Type Width Width Width Spaces 43rd C.C. Park Parallel 7' 11' 36' 4 Tennyson Southbound C.C. Park 41st Parallel 7' 11' 36' 16 1 41st 39th Parallel 7' 11' 36' 19 39th 41st Parallel 7' 11' 18 Tennyson Northbound 41st 42nd None 0 11' See above 17 2 42nd 43rd Parallel 7' 11' 18 Tennyson Utica Angled 14' 12' 34 11 41 st North Side Utica Vrain Parallel 7' 10' 34' 11 41 st South Side Vrain Tennyson Parallel 8' 12' 34 20 Utica Northbound 41 st Park 15 parking/travel lane 30' 18 Utica Southbound Park 41st 15 parking/travel lane 30' 18 Tennyson Stuart Angled 16' 14' 30 10 42 nd South Side Stuart Raleigh 15 parking/travel lane 30 10 Raleigh Stuart 15 parking/travel lane 30 10 42 nd North Side 0 Stuart Tennyson None 0 14 30 (-10 spaces) Total Spaces 200 (-10 spaces) 1. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the total. 2. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the total. Page 13
Option 5: Higher Angled Parking on One Side of the Roadway, Parallel on the Other Figure 6 shows the angled parking layout when the roadways are widened to maximize the number of angled parking spaces available along all three sides of the park and maintain the parallel parking on the opposite side. Table 6 summarizes the parking lane, travel lane, total road width and number of parking spaces along each block face for that condition and indicates that with steeper angle parking along the park, 226 total spaces are provided, or 16 more space than under the existing parallel configuration. However, significant intrusion into the park s amenities would be required to provide the required road width; Figure 7 shows that higherangle parking would shift the parking area and sidewalk into a portion of both the baseball diamond and the basketball court. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing on Tennyson would provide enough room for seven additional angled parking spaces on the west side of the street and three more parallel spaces on the east side (10 total). Table 6. Parking Conditions with High-Angle Parking Along the Park and Parallel on the Opposite Side Parking Lane Thru Lane Roadway Parking Location From To Type Width Width Width Spaces 43rd C.C. Park Parallel 7' 11' 36' 4 Tennyson Southbound C.C. Park 41st Angled 18' 7" 14' 51' 7" 20 1 (+15 7 ) (+4 spaces) 41st 39th Parallel 7' 11' 36' 19 39th 41st Parallel 7' 11' 18 Tennyson Northbound 41st 42nd Parallel 7 11' See above 17 2 42nd 43rd Parallel 7' 11' 18 41 st Westbound Tennyson Utica Angled 18' 7" 14' 51 7 17 (+17 7 ) (+6 spaces) Utica Vrain Parallel 7' 10' 34' 11 41 st Eastbound Vrain Tennyson Parallel 7' 10' See above 20 Utica Northbound 41 st Park Angled 18' 7" 14 51' 7" 26 (+21 7 ) (+8 spaces) Utica Southbound Park 41 st Parallel 7 11' See above 18 42 nd Eastbound 44' 8 Tennyson Stuart Angled 14' 11' (+16 ) (-2 spaces) 30'-44 Stuart Raleigh 15 parking/travel lane 10 (+0-16 ) 42 nd Westbound Raleigh Tennyson 15 parking/travel lane See above 20 Total Spaces 226 (+16 spaces) 1. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add seven additional spaces to the block (27 total). 2. Removing the mid-block pedestrian crossing would add three additional spaces to the block (20 total). Page 15
IV. STUDY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the analysis, Tennyson Street, 41 st Avenue, Utica Street and 42 nd Avenue in the vicinity of Caesar Chavez Park are all insufficient to allow for angled parking without some level of roadway widening. If the roads are widened to allow for angled parking on one side of the street only (by narrowing the tree lawn along the park and removing the north tree lawn along 42 nd Avenue), the net result would be an increase of five spaces in front of the park but a net loss of 80 parking spaces for the business district. If they are widened to allow for angled parking on one side and parallel parking on the other (by removing the tree lawns and narrowing/removing the sidewalks along the park, and removing both tree lawns on 42 nd Avenue), there would again be five more spaces along the park and the business district would have a net gain of three spaces over the current configuration. If 41 st and 42 nd Avenues are designated as one-way streets so they wouldn t need to be widened to provide angled parking, there would be no net gain in spaces along the park and a net loss of 10 spaces in the business district. If higher-angle parking is provided along the park there would be a net gain of 18 spaces along the park and 16 in the business district, but the parking area would intrude into both the baseball diamond and the basketball court. Table 7 summarizes the number of spaces gained or lost and the roadway widening required for each scenario. Table 7. Roadway Widening and Net Change in Spaces for Each Scenario Net Change Roadway Widening Required Scenario in Spaces Tennyson 41 st Street Utica Angled Parking Using Existing -85 Space Roadway Width (-82 w/o ped. crossing) 1 N/A2 N/A 2 N/A 2 Angled Parking on One Side, -81 Spaces No Parking on the Other (-78 w/o ped. crossing) +2 4 +2 +6 Angled Parking on One Side, +3 Spaces Parallel Parking on the Other (+9 w/o ped. crossing) +10 4 +10 +15 Angled Parking with One Way -10 Spaces Streets (-4 w/o ped. crossing) N/A N/A N/A High Angled Parking on One Side, +16 Spaces Parallel Parking on the Other (+26 w/o ped. crossing) +15 7 +17 7 +21 7 1. Change in spaces if the pedestrian crossing on Tennyson between 41 st and 42 nd Streets is removed. 2. Without widening, these road would have insufficient thru lane width to allow vehicles to safely back out of angled spaces. Based on these results, there does not appear to be any significant benefit in providing angled parking, as maintaining or increasing the existing parking supply could only be accomplished by significantly impacting the pedestrian amenities in the vicinity of the park or intruding into the park itself. Page 18