National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Pacific Islands Science Center & Regional Office
NOAA Fisheries Organizational Structure
Geographic Area of NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Responsibility Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Guam Northern Mariana Islands Wake Island Johnston Island Main Hawaiian Islands Kingman Reef Palmyra Atoll Howland and Baker Islands Jarvis Island American Samoa Australia
Mission NOAA Mission Goal 1: PROTECT, RESTORE, AND MANAGE THE USE OF COASTAL AND OCEANIC RESOURCES THROUGH ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT Protect and restore ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources; Recover protected species; and Rebuild and maintain sustainable fisheries.
Fishery Management Plans Pelagic species tunas, swordfish, billfish, sharks, etc. Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Bottomfish snappers, groupers, jacks; seamount groundfish Lobster spiny and slipper Precious Corals Coral Reef Ecosystem
Pacific Islands Regional Office Regional Administrator Deputy Regional Administrator Sustainable Fisheries Protected Resources Habitat Conservation Operations, Mgmt & Information Regulatory Branch Fisheries Information / Permits Protected Species Coral Reef Programs GIS Budget & Purchasing Human Resources Grants Management Information Technology International Fisheries Fishery Observer Program American Samoa Field Office
Programs... Sustainable Fisheries 5 Fishery Management Plans Protected Resources Fishery Interactions Marine Mammals (Hawaiian Monk seal, whales, dolphins) Protected and Endangered Species (sea turtles) Habitat Conservation Coral Reef Ecosystem Coastal Zone Management Marine Debris, Oil Pollution Act, Marine Invasive Species International Fisheries
Fishery Observers... 100% Coverage Swordfish Longline Fishery Target 20% of Tuna Longline Fishery Target 20% NWHI Bottomfish Fishery Implement Observers in American Samoa $500K annual grant for Native Observer Program
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
NOAA Fisheries Mission Stewardship of living marine resources through science- based conservation and management and the promotion of healthy ecosystems
Science Objectives To provide timely, high-quality applied marine science to support the stewardship of fisheries, protected species, and marine ecosystems in the central and western Pacific Ocean Fishery management (MSFCMA) Marine mammal protection (MMPA) Endangered Species (ESA)
History of the PIFSC Honolulu Laboratory established in 1948 as Pacific Oceanic Fisheries Investigation (POFI) Main facility located at UH main campus Smaller research facility with seawater capabilities located dockside at Kewalo Basin Honolulu Lab elevated to independent NOAA Fisheries science center in 2003
NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette NOAA Ship 243 annual allocation days: FY-04: coral reefs (66), pelagics (56), lobster (28), protected species (46), and benthic habitat (47) Chartered vessels: 300-days for marine debris removal & lobster research Prior research platforms: Townsend Cromwell, Hugh M. Smith, Charles H. Gilbert, and Raymond B. Manning
PIFSC Organization Chart PIFSC Director s Office OPERATIONS, MANAGEMENT& INFORMATION FISHERY BIOLOGY & STOCK ASSESSMENT ECOSYSTEMS & OCEANOGRAPHY FISHERY MONITORING & SOCIO-ECONOMICS PROTECTED SPECIES CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM
Protected Resources Division Hawaiian monk seals & sea turtles Population assessments Ecological research Health & disease Unusual Mortality Event (UME) Response Plan Stranding & Training Fibropapilloma
Fish Biology & Stock Assessment Division Stock Assessments of Commercial Resources Life History Studies By-catch mitigation research Physiological and Behavioral Research
Fisheries Monitoring & Socio-economic Division High-quality and timely commercial & recreational fishery-dependent data Western Western Pacific Fisheries Information Network Economic research & analysis Sociological/cultural studies
Coral Reefs Ecosystem Division Ecological Assessment & Monitoring Benthic Habitat Characterization and Monitoring Oceanographic Monitoring Ecological Interactions Marine Debris (122t removed in 2003)
Ecosystems & Oceanography Division Environmental influences on resources: oceanography, habitat, climate Carijoa riiesi
Dataset type Fisheries Catch Research vessel Total HDAR Longline logbook Longline observer Fisheries economics Fisheries landings Fisheries vessel Research biological Research environmental Research insular Research mammal Research seamount Record count 3,494,708 4,636,116 1,122,556 761,991 2,887,260 72,958 11,494 38,532 1,682,378 735,806 NA 1,260,331 38,065 16,799,265
CREIOS Observing System Surface Moorings (telemetered) CREWS Buoys - 7 SST Buoys - 14 Subsurface Moorings (archived) Ocean Data Platforms (ODP) - 5 Wave & Tide Recorders (WTR) - 15 Subsurface Temperature Recorders (STR) - 64 Current Meters 3/0 Shallow water CTD/Radiometer casts - fine scale Deepwater CTD/ADCP transects course scale Drifters (SVP) 44, (APEX) - 6 Satellite Remote Sensing (developing Ocean Atlases*) SST SSH (currents/eddited) Winds Ocean Color (chlorophyll, bleaching)
Approach: Merging Technologies Satellite Remote Sensing Provides spatial coverage and time series of: SST (AVHRR, GOES): physical fronts/eddies Sea surface height (TOPEX): currents/mesoscale variability Ocean color (SeaWiFS( SeaWiFS): biological fronts Temporal: days to weeks Horizontal: 10 3 mi
In situ Shipboard surveys: High resolution vertical structure of: Temperature Salinity Chlorophyll Dissolved oxygen Nutrients & accessory pigments Currents (ADCP) Influence of mesoscale dynamic variability Horizontal resolution: 10 2 mi NOAA ship Townsend Cromwell
Bigeye Oceanographic Mooring Temperature 13 depths (25-700 m) Velocity (shear) 50,100,150,200, 350 m Conductivity (salinity) 50 and 350 m Dissolved Oxygen (350 m) Pressure (50 m) 1 st Deployment Dec-1999, retrieved Dec-2000 2 nd Deployment Dec-2000, retrieved Nov-2001 3 rd Deployment June 2002?
Subtropical Frontal Zone surveys 8 longitudinal + 1 zonal transects; range: 556-1139 km (300 615 mi) long April-May, 1996-2000 (except one in March 1997) 500 m CTD casts + rosette mounted 10L Niskin bottles 28 km (15 nmi) stn. resolution Only 2 of 8 transects crossed both fronts (1997 & 1998)
Topex altimetry April-May 1997 In situ survey: 889 km T S D E P T H sig-t Chl N LATITUDE TZCF
Considerable interannual variability in latitudinal position and intensity of the SSTF & STF; ca. 300 km shift in frontal positions between 1996-97 at 172 W and 1998-99 at 158 W. SSTF 16 18 23 23 22 22 20 21 22 23 2019 21 Temperature ( C), 1996-2000 18 15 16 16 15 16 19 16 15 15 14 17 17 9 15 14 1 15 14 13 14 14 STF 1996 1997 In situ chloropigment (mg/m 3 ), 1996-2000 TCZF D E P T H 22 19 18 17 16 23 22 20 21 19 20 1819 14 19 21 16 16 15 15 17 18 1818 17 16 15 19 15 14 18 17 14 13 19 1 16 17 13 1998 1999 SSTF 21 20 21 22 20 19 17 15 14 15 15 18 13 13 1 16 14 1 2000 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0. LATITUDE LATITUDE
Satellite remote sensing of temperature (GOES-SST) and chlorophyll-a (SeaWiFS) for two Hawaiian eddies GOES SST In situ shipboard surveys Chl-a from SeaWiFS GOES: geostationary, ca. 1 image/hr, helped w/ NRT & clouds eddies now predictable Loretta first spun up in May 1999 Strongest in September 1999 (core SST=23.5 C) surface Chl expression Mikalele spun up in Oct 1999, short-lived Nov 1999 -- two transects, 185 km (100 mi) long 18 km stn.. resolution 1000 m CTD casts
Vertical structure of temperature, chloropigments, and nutrients through the eddies Upper ocean doming of isopleths eddy influence Magnitude of vertical displacement & compression of isopleths more pronounced in mature eddy Vertical distribution (chl( chl,, N+N) closely tracked isotherms Maximum ADCP current velocities 70 (Mikalele)) and 85 (Loretta) cm s -1 Nutrients (N+N) 3 to 15 fold higher than control stns. Modeled 1 production increased 65% in Mikalele,, 2-fold 2 in Loretta
Main Webpage: Information about CW & CW Central Pacific Node Contact Information Free & unrestricted access to satellite datasets Outreach Efforts External Links NOAA CoastWatch Central Pacific Node http://coastwatch coastwatch.nmfs.hawaii.edu
Satellite Products Currently Supported by CoastWatch 1. Sea Surface Temperature: AVHRR HRPT/GAC GOES 2. Sea Surface Height: TOPEX/Poseidon Jason-1 4. Ocean Color (Chlorophyll a): SeaWiFS MODIS 5. Online Archive Containing Historical Data 3. Winds: QuikSCAT
Geographic Coverage of CoastWatch Products Most CW data sets are available for the entire Pacific Accessible via the web in areas of interest
CoastWatch Products - Data Holdings AVISO (Ocean Altimetry) 2.7 GB AVHRR - GAC (SST) 29.5 GB GOES (SST) 8.1 GB MODIS Aqua (Ocean Color) 8.9 GB MODIS Terra (Ocean Color) 10.4 GB QuikSCAT (Surface Winds) 1.7 GB
Sample AVHRR GAC
GOES Sea-Surface Surface Temperature Data acquired by CoastWatch HQ Calibrated & Processed at CW Hawaii Updated 5 times/day Resolution ~0.05 deg.
TOPEX/Jason-1 1 Altimetry Joint product provided by AVISO/JPL 0.25 Degree Resolution Weekly and monthly composites available Data from: TOPEX (1992-2002) 2002) Jason-1 1 (2002-Present) Geostrophic currents derived from this data set
SeaWiFS Ocean Color Measure chlorophyll a pigment (SeaWiFS algorithm) 9 km Resolution Data is property of Orbimage (private), so time lag and only images can be distributed 8-day or monthly composite images from 9/1997 - present
MODIS Ocean Color Measure chlorophyll a pigment 4 km Resolution 8 day or monthly composites available from 3/2000 Present Utilize MODIS data from: Terra (2000-2004) 2004) Aqua (2002-Present)
QuikSCAT Winds Products include wind: speed, stress and wind stress curl 0.5 degree resolution Weekly or monthly composites available from 8/1999 Present
EddyWatch Daily updates of GOES SST focusing on Alenuihaha channel where cyclonic eddies are often observed Daily image archives kept on website public access http://coastwatch.nmfs.hawaii.edu/ew/ewgoes.html
Applications of CoastWatch Products Harmful algal blooms Wave height & SST Hurricanes & Winds Fires (hotspots & smoke) Marine debris accumulation (endangered species & coral reefs) Spills (hazardous materials) SAR (Search and Rescue) Fisheries management & research Marine mammal stranding Characterization of convergence/divergence zones Coral reef health monitoring Support of research cruises Outreach