Dr. Konstantinos Galanis Operations & Technical Senior Manager Seanergy Maritime Holdings Corp.
Thorough basic knowledge of shipbroking Commodities, carriage requirements, vessels Charterers, shipowners, operators, brokers Freight markets Documentation, charter parties, bills of lading, letters of credit Offer & counter offer, danger of fraud and unethical practice Freight & hire, calculations and voyage estimations World trades & geography, dry cargo organizations, settling of disputes, law, insurance Dry cargo vessels: 100 to 400,000 tonnes capacity of carriage of bulk commodities
Various types & designs: containers, break bulk parcels (bales, crates and boxes) Equipped with heavy lift cranes in excess of 100 tonnes or even two cranes in tandem to lift up to 1,000 tonnes at a time Dimensions, design and fittings based on the trade area (i.e. the Great Lakes or ice affected areas) Fuel efficiency: propeller ducts, bulbous bow, sculptured sterns, etc. Ports have been enlarged, deepened, developed and equipped with sophisticated cargo handling equipment General common categories: Multipurpose, general cargo and container ships Bulk carriers Shortsea or coasters Specialized ships such as refrigerated and heavy lift
Designed initially with the engine room and bridge amidships, but later moved the accommodation and engine room aft Navigational and working environment issues Vessel Specs Typical size Typical length Beam 30,000 dwt 192m 28m Draught 11.2m Holds/Hatches Capacity TEU 1.500 Cranes Main Engine Speed 4 5 holds/8 10 hatches 30 35,000 cm 40 300t SWL 21.000 BHP 18 20 knots
Older vessels had 2 3 decks, called tweendeckers Upper deck: main or weather deck and the lower ones tweendecks Between MD TD: tweendeck spaces Under TD: lower hold Double bottom tanks and top tanks
Equipment to load, stow, secure & discharge the goods Fire smothering equipment, such as CO 2 Mechanical ventilation Horizontal battens along the ship s side (keep bagged, baled and packaged goods away from the ship s ribs, frames and stringers to prevent damage & chaffing) Lashing (pad eyes) Cargo securing manual
Stowage on the main weather deck and in several tiers high Vessel s stability, visibility and deck strength Cell guides in the holds, pads, locking devices, twistlocks, lashing rods
After washing cargo spaces, the dirty water is drained away into the bilges through strainers, called strum boxes (act as filters)
Cranes Electrically powered Typical lifting capacity range from 10 to 40 tonnes SWL (Safety Working Load) Facilities can unite lifting capacity of two adjacent cranes
Main cargo holds can be accessed through hatches hydraulically operated Pontoon type covers
Steel hatch covers (Macgregor type) Open close with a concertina like action Side roll Piggy back hatches where covers stack on top of one another Electrically or hydraulically powered, some with winches & chains Water ingress Twin hatches Watertight airtight
1980 1990: high bulk carrier casualties IMO IACS CSR Single hull & maintenance of shell plating Double hull: faster discharge of cargo and least mechanical damage Forecastle: prevention from extreme weather conditions Classed for light medium or heavy cargoes
60,000 80,000 dwt Limitations for Panama canal (2015: locks will have chambers 427m long, by 55m wide and 18.3m deep, leading to almost 130,000t vessels) Vessel Specs LOA Beam Draught Summer DWT Cubic Capacity of CH Holds 7 Hatchways 224m (735ft) 32.2m (104.5ft) 13.35m (43.8ft) 75.500 tonnes 73.625 cm (2.600.00 cft) 7 abt. 14m long by 13.5 wide
Vessel Specs Excess of 100,000 dwt Typical size 125,000 300,000 dwt Typical length Beam 290m 45m Draught 17.5m Holds/Hatches Main Engine 9 holds/9 hatches 23 25.000 BHP
Vessel Specs 80 100,000 dwt Port Kamsar in West Africa 20 39,000 dwt Handysize Up to 49,000 dwt Handymax Up to 56 59,000 dwt Supramax LOAxBxD Fully loaded 14.4m Draught DWT fully 82.300mt laden GT 43.500 Cargo Capacity 229mx32.26mx12.2m 97.000cm
Vessel Specs 40 60,000 dwt Typical size 40 60,000 dwt Typical length 190m Beam 32.2m Draught 11.5m Cranes 40tonne SWL x 4 Holds/Hatches 5 holds/5 hatches Main Engine 12.500 BHP
Vessel Specs 25 40,000 dwt Typical size 25 40,000 dwt Typical length 180 200m Beam 24 30m Draught 9.5 10.5m Cranes 20 30 tonne SWL x 4 Holds/Hatches 5 holds/5 hatches Main Engine 9 11.000 BHP
Superstructure, bridge, engines at the aft part Upper wing tanks for ballast water Midships located floodable hold Self trimming Hopper holds Double bottom top tanks
Iron ore stows at abt. 12 cfpt when coke stow at 90 cfpt Full or partially full cargo hold Sailing with empty holds: Regulation 14 of SOLAS XII adopted in Dec 2004 (vessels over 150m in length and carrying bulk cargoes with a density of 1.780 kg/m 3 or above) [equivalent to a stowage factor of abt. 20 and relates to ores & concentrates] Strength & Stability: IACS Unified Requirements (URs) notable S17 S23 (age based over 10 years) S17: longitudinal strength of the hull girder S18: evaluation of all corrugated transverse watertight bulkheads S20: evaluation of allowable hold loadings based on shear strength of the hold s double bottom Vessel not permitted to have any hold loaded to less than 10% of the hold s max allowable cargo weight when fully loaded
Self discharging facilities Grabs or gantry arrangement or conveyor belt or screw system (Siwertell System)
Electric ventilation or CO 2 Hatch covers open fore & aft and at larger vessels sideways (siderolling)
Great Lakes and the Panama Canal (transit) have self discharging equipment
200 400,000 dwt Vessel Specs Typical size Typical length Beam Draught Holds/Hatches Main Engine 200 400,000 dwt 320m 60m 22m 9 holds/9 hatches 30 40.500 BHP
Vessel Specs Typical length 294m Beam 32.3m Draught 12.04m FW TEU 4 5.500 Containers Max 13 across Air draught 57.91m Deadweight Abt. 50.000t Main Engine 30 40.500 BHP Speed Up to 25 knots
Vessel Specs Typical length 360m Beam 50m Draught 15m TEU More than 13000 Main Engine 105.500 BHP Speed Up to 20 knots
Shortsea & Feeder Middle Sea Medium Deep Sea Large Deep Sea (Panamax) Post Panamax TEU 500 1.100 2.000 5.00 8 18.000 LOA (m) 120 180 200 290 Up to 400 Beam (m) 20 24 28 32 Up to 59 Draught (m) 7 10 11 13 Up to 14.5 DWT (t) 9.000 20.000 35.000 50.000 100 165.000
Vessel Specs Typical length Beam Draught Capacity Ramp Load Main Engine Speed 200m 26m 7m 4.000 lane m 100t 40.000 BHP 19 knots on 90 t FO per day
Vessel Specs DWT 1.500 5.000 Length 80 150m Beam 10 16m Draught 3.5 6m Holds 1 or 2 Hatches 1 or 2 Main Engine 1.500 4.000 BHP