Personal Protective Equipment Respiratory Protection John Trela, CIH, CSP Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., New Brunswick NJ john.trela@bms.com 732-227-5028 2013 American Industrial Hygiene Association, New Jersey Section, Inc.
About the Presenter: John Trela, CIH, CSP Earned bachelor s degree in chemical engineering and master of science in safety engineering from New Jersey Institute of Technology. Scientist with 25 years of experience in Industrial Hygiene, Safety, Process Safety, and Biological Safety. Fifteen years managing the Bristol-Myers Squibb NJ site and the BMS R&D areas for the US. Page 2 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Outline Controlling Hazardous Exposures Engineering Controls Administrative Controls Work Practice Controls Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Training Requirements PPE Tools and Resources Page 3 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Types of PPE Outline (cont.) Head Protection Eye and Face Protection Respiratory Protection Foot Protection Hand Protection Hearing Protection Protective Clothing Page 4 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Controlling Hazardous Exposures Engineering controls You just use them; they protect. Administrative controls You have to actively do something. Work practice controls Follow SOP, work instructions, JSA. Personal Protective Equipment Page 5 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Engineering Controls Equipment and process design Isolation of personnel Ventilation Enclosure of process Page 6 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Administrative Controls Limit contact time: rotate employees shorten shift time monitor exposures substitute less hazardous substance Page 7 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Work Practice Controls Type of administrative control. Training in hazard recognition and safe work practices. Hazard-specific training (e.g., chemical, biological, radiological, physical). Follow SOP, work instructions, batch sheets. Page 8 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is designed to protect the user by providing a personal barrier from exposure to the chemical or physical agent or condition. PPE must not be the PRIMARY PROTECTION. PPE should be combined with other control methods. Page 9 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Regulations: Personal Protective Equipment for General Industry 29 CFR 1910.132 138 Page 10 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
General Requirements 1910.132 Formal hazard assessment and equipment selection: use PPE that will protect you from hazards communicate selection decisions to each affected employee select proper fitting PPE Defective, damaged, and spent PPE shall not be used. Page 11 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
General Requirements 1910.132 Training must be provided to each employee required to use PPE: when is PPE necessary what PPE is necessary how to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE limitations of PPE proper care, maintenance, and disposal of PPE Page 12 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
General Requirements 1910.132 Retraining is required when: changes in the workplace render previous training obsolete new types of PPE are introduced initial training was not retained, understood or was ineffective incidents / accidents? Page 13 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
OSHA s 8-Step PPE Process 1. Determine type of hazard(s) like to occur. 2. Determine adverse effects of unprotected exposures. 3. See if other control options can be used. 4. Determine performance characteristics needed for protection. 5. Determine need for decontamination. 6. Determine ergonomic constraints presented. 7. Determine cost of various options. 8. Make the selection. Page 14 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Types of PPE Eye and face protection Head protection Foot protection Hand protection Respiratory protection Hearing protection Protective clothing Page 15 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Eye and Face Protection 1910.133 Workplace injuries occur typically when workers: are not aware of hazards don t use PPE use wrong PPE Page 16 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Eye and Face Protection 1910.133 OSHA eye and face hazards Flying particulates Molten metals Liquid chemicals Acids or caustics (corrosives) Chemical gases or vapors Harmful light radiation (UV, IR) Page 17 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Eye and Face Protection 1910.133 PPE chosen as eye and face protection must comply with ANSI Z87.1-2003 (1989), American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, [ or ] be demonstrated by the employer to be equally effective. Page 18 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Eye and Face Protection Eye Protection Safety Glasses Plano 1910.133 Prescription (reimbursement 1910.132(h)(2)) Goggles No specific requirements to provide prescription eye wear that is paid for by the employer Impact Splash Vapor tight Page 19 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Face shield Eye and Face Protection 1910.133 intended for face protection only; it is NOT primary eye protection must wear safety glasses or goggles under shield many different styles (flat, chin wrap, long, short) designated for splash or splash / impact Page 20 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Eye and Face Protection 1910.133 Requirements Protect against specific hazards for which they were designed. Be reasonably comfortable when worn under designated conditions. Fit snuggly without interfering with movements or vision of wearer. Be durable. Be capable of easily being cleaned and disinfected. Be kept clean and in good repair. Page 21 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Eye and Face Protection 1910.133 OSHA Inspection and Maintenance Requirements lenses kept clean pitted lenses replaced headband inspection (worn out, sweat-soaked) goggles and spectacles kept in cases when not in use if previously used or shared, disinfect Page 22 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Head Protection 1910.135 OSHA Head Protection Hazards impact from falling objects penetration of falling objects electrical shock Page 23 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Head Protection 1910.135 PPE for head protection must comply with ANSI Z89.1-2003 (1986), American National Standard Practice for Personal Protection Protective Headwear for Industrial Workers Requirements, [ or ] be demonstrated by the employer to be equally effective. Page 24 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Head Protection 1910.135 Types of head protectors (under ANSI Z89.1-1986) Type 1: hats full brims crown protection limited protection of front, sides, and back of head Type II: caps (not bump caps) front brims crown protection only Page 25 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
ANSI Standard Z89.1 (1997) Under Z89.1-2003(1997), the following three classes are recognized: Class G (General) Helmets - Equivalent to the old Class A. Impact and penetration protection. Class G helmets are proof-tested at 2200 volts. Class E (Electrical) Helmets - Equivalent to the old Class B. Impact and penetration protection. Class E helmets are proof-tested at 20,000 volts. Class C (Conductive) Helmets - This class provides no electrical insulation. Impact and penetration protection. The alpha designation did not change from the old standard. Page 26 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Head Protection 1910.135 OSHA Fit Requirements adjustable headbands sufficient clearance between headband and shell shell of one piece, seamless design headband / suspension must not irritate skin Page 27 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Head Protection 1910.135 OSHA Inspection and Maintenance Requirements paint / solvent not recommended all helmet components inspected daily avoid temperature extremes avoid storing helmets in direct sunlight Page 28 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Head Protection 1910.135 Bump caps do not comply with the ANSI guidelines and are not acceptable for occupations or applications where OSHA requires an ANSI-compliant hard hat. Page 29 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Foot / Leg Protection 1910.136 OSHA Foot and Leg Hazards falling or rolling objects sharp objects molten metals, welding sparks; shoes, leggings hot or slippery surfaces special protections (non-conductive, conductive, metatarsal protection, insulating, etc.) corrosive or hazardous substances Page 30 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Foot / Leg Protection 1910.136 PPE chosen for foot protection must comply with ANSI Z41.1-1991, American National Standard for Personal Protection Footwear, [ or ] be demonstrated by the employer to be equally effective. Page 31 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Foot / Leg Protection 1910.136 Classes: Class 50 toe (withstand 50 lb. drop force) Class 75 toe (withstand 75 lb. drop) EH shoes are typically Class 50 or 75. Most shoes are class 75. Steel or composite acceptable. Page 32 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Types Foot / Leg Protection 1910.136 EH or CES - electrical hazard ESD or SD - static dissipative PR puncture-resistant C - conductive SR - slip-resistant Page 33 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
1910.133 (h)(2) Foot / Leg Protection 1910.136 The employer is not required to pay for nonspecialty safety-toe protective footwear (including steel-toe shoes or steel-toe boots) and non-specialty prescription safety eyewear, provided that the employer permits such items to be worn off the job-site. Page 34 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Electrical Protective Devices 1910.137 Design requirements and care and use of rubber insulating blankets, matting, covers, line hose, gloves, and sleeves. Page 35 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Electrical Protective Devices 1910.137 Class 0 4 (5000 40000 V). Type I (non-ozone resistant), Type II (ozone resistant). Outlines testing requirements for gloves, blankets. Based on ASTM Standards. Very specialized area; best to hire an expert. Page 36 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Hand Protection 1910.138 OSHA hand hazards skin absorption of harmful chemical substances severe cuts or lacerations from sharp objects severe abrasions from rough surfaces chemical burns thermal burns excessive heat or cold Page 37 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Hand Protection 1910.138 Degradation harmful change in one or more physical properties of a protective material when subjected to a chemical Penetration the flow of chemicals through closures, zippers, seams, pinholes, etc. Permeation movement of a chemical through a protective material Page 38 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Hand Protection 1910.138 Gloves are one of the best ways to protect your hands. Insulated gloves - protect against heat and cold Special insulating rubber gloves - electrical hazards Metal mesh - cut resistance Leather gloves - rough surface handling Fabric gloves - slippery objects and general purpose Synthetic compound or latex gloves - chemical and biological Page 39 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Hand Protection 1910.138 Use with chemicals: Inspect before use. Rinse gloves thoroughly before removing if possible. Clean thoroughly before storage. Store in a cool, dark, dry place right-side out. Fold the cuffs? Proper glove for the chemicals. Page 40 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Hand Protection 1910.138 Other properties: total immersion or intermittent exposure chemical contact time concentration of compound working with pure chemicals or mixtures temperature, relative humidity thickness (4 mil vs. 10 mil or heavier) reuse length dexterity and grip need cut, abrasion, and puncture resistance Page 41 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Hand Protection 1910.138 Latex: biological (medical), powders, soaps, detergents Nitrile: aldehydes, alcohols, acids, phenol, bases PVA: nitro organics Viton: aldehydes, alkanes, alcohols Neoprene: petroleum products, chlorinated solvents Page 42 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Hand Protection 1910.138 Unsupported latex, neoprene, nitrile, butyl, viton Supported PVC, neoprene, nitrile Flat film Page 43 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Features Hand Protection 1910.138 cuffs, supported - gauntlet, safety cuffs, slip-on, knit wrist cuffs, unsupported - straight, rolled, serrated Grip designs smooth, rough Length and sizing Page 44 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Hand Protection 1910.138 Test methods - permeability ANSI / ISEA 105 specifies test methods Classification properties include: chemical resistance mechanical protection thermal protection cold protection permeability Page 45 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Chemical Protective Clothing There is no specific section for chemical protective clothing. 29 CFR 1910.120 addresses chemical protective clothing through HAZWOPER. Page 46 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Chemical Protective Clothing CPC can be classified by: its design (how it looks and what body part does it cover) its performance (type of protection) its service life (disposable, limited use, reusable) Page 47 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Chemical Protective Clothing Classes of CPC by design full body garments partial body garments Page 48 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Chemical Protective Clothing Performance: vapor tight liquid splash protective particulate protective nuisance protection Based on: performance against chemical hazards overall integrity Page 49 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Chemical Protective Clothing Classes by service life: disposable limited use reusable Based on: life cycle cost (purchase use and maintenance) durability ease of decontamination Page 50 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Classes by Service Life Garment Features: textiles coated fabrics plastic laminates synthetic material films Styles: seams closure types interface with other items hardware and accessories Page 51 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Level A: EPA Levels of Protection totally encapsulating suit; self-contained breathing apparatus; chemical resistant boots and gloves Level B: chemical resistant splash suit; self-contained breathing apparatus; chemical resistant boots and gloves Page 52 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Level C: EPA Levels of Protection chemical resistant splash suit; air purifying respirator; chemical resistant gloves / boots Level D: work uniforms; hardhats; safety glasses; optional gloves / footwear Page 53 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Level A Use Criteria Chemicals unidentified. Chemicals identified; require highest level. skin, respiratory, and eye protection. Skin toxic vapors or liquids. Confined or poorly ventilated spaces. Page 54 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Level A Description Pressure-demand full facepiece SCBA, or pressure-demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA. Fully encapsulating chemical resistant suit. Chemical resistant gloves. Chemical resistant boots. Hard hat (as needed). Optional equipment (radio, under clothing, cooling system, etc.). Page 55 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Level B Use Criteria Chemicals identified; high level of respiratory protection, but moderate skin protection. IDLH Atmosphere not appropriate for APR Less than 19.5% oxygen. Vapors and gases present; not skin toxic. Page 56 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Level B Description Pressure-demand full facepiece SCBA, or pressure-demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA. Chemical resistant clothing. Chemical resistant gloves. Chemical resistant boots. Hard hat (as needed). Optional Equipment (radio, under clothing, cooling system, etc.). Page 57 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Level C Use Criteria Atmospheric contaminants, liquid splash, or direct chemical contact; not skin toxic. Types of air contaminants are measured and can be removed with APR. Concentration DOES NOT exceed IDLH. Atmosphere at least 19.5% oxygen. Page 58 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Level C Description Full facepiece air purifying respirator. Chemical resistant clothing (may or may not be same as Level B). Chemical resistant gloves. Chemical resistant boots. Hard hat (as needed). Optional equipment (radio, under clothing, cooling system etc.). Page 59 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Level D Use Criteria Atmosphere contains no known hazards. No skin hazard from splash, immersion, contact, etc. Page 60 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Level D Description Coveralls or work clothes Safety boots / shoes Safety glasses Hard hat Optional: gloves escape or nuisance mask face shield Page 61 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Seam Construction Surged Seam basic stitching offers little or no liquid or chemical protection Bound seam surged seam reinforced with a binding some resistance to liquid and splash Taped or sealed seam sewn or sealed seam reinforced with tape high level of liquid and vapor resistance Page 62 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Respiratory Protection 29 CFR 1910.134 OSHA Respiratory Hazards Oxygen deficiency Gases and particulates Particulates Combinations of gases, vapors, and particles Page 63 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Purpose of Respirators Protect against health problems resulting from exposure to airborne contaminants. To be effective they must: fit comfortably keep out contaminants provide breathable air by purifying the atmosphere or supplying breathable, quality air Page 64 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Permitted Use of Respirators OSHA s general policy on respirator use: Engineering or administrative controls are not feasible or insufficient. Engineering or administrative controls are being implemented. Engineering or administrative controls are not sufficient to reduce the contaminant below a PEL. For emergency response situations. Emergency escape. Voluntary use. Certain substance specific standards. Page 65 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Program Requirements Based on ANSI Z88.2 (1992), NIOSH 42CFR 84 1995 (Revised 1997). OSHA Standards 29 CFR 1910.134. Do not apply to European and Asian Operations. Page 66 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Respiratory Protection Program Required Elements Written program must be tailored to the specific conditions of the workplace and must include the following elements: respirator selection medical evaluations fit testing provisions procedures for routine and emergency use proper maintenance cleaning and storage Page 67 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Respiratory Protection Program Required Elements Breathing air requirements and use criteria. Respiratory hazards and respirator use training. Procedures to evaluate effectiveness. Voluntary use provisions. Page 68 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Voluntary Use Program Partial written program for elastomeric face piece: medical evaluations instructions for proper cleaning, storage and maintenance copy of Appendix D to users No written program with only filtering face piece: copy of Appendix D to users Page 69 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
42 CFR Part 84 Replaced MSHA Regulations on July 10, 1995. NIOSH exclusively authorized to test and certify all respirators (except certain mine devices). Upgraded testing requirements for nonpowered and powered air purifying respirations. Page 70 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Part 42 Filter Classes 3 levels of filter efficiency: 95 (95%) 99 (99%) 100 (99.97%- HEPA) 3 categories of resistance: N (Not resistant to oil) R (Resistant to oil) P (oil Proof) Filter selection based on degree of acceptable leakage. Facepiece selection based on assigned protection factor. Page 71 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Test Criteria Air flow now simulates high work flow rate. Most penetrating aerosol size 0.3 microns. Charged neutral particles. Filter degrading tests for R and P filters (DOP). Measure instantaneous penetration. Higher filter loading (200 mg). Page 72 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Respiratory Approval Medical Evaluation: baseline / questionnaire medical department will determine evaluation frequency special considerations confidential Annual training. Annual fit testing. Page 73 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Respirator Classes Air Purifying Respirator (APR): a respirator with an air purifying filter or cartridge that removes specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air purifying element Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator: a respirator that supplies the user with breathing air from a source independent of the ambient atmosphere includes supplied-air respirators (SARs) and selfcontained breathing apparatus (SCBA) units Page 74 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Air Purifying Respirators Filtering Facepiece Half-Face Full-Face PAPR Page 75 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Atmosphere-Supplying Respirators Supplied Air Respirator (SAR) Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) Page 76 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Respirator Face Pieces Negative pressure vs. positive pressure. Tight fitting vs. loose fitting. Page 77 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Assigned Protection Factors APF = Co / Ci Co = Concentration outside the facepiece Ci = Concentration inside the facepiece APF (needed) = Concentration of Contaminant outside facepiece / PEL MUC = APF x PEL (Maximum Use Concentration) Page 78 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Current Protection Factors: OSHA Half face 10 Full face 50 PAPR any helmet or hood 25 or 1000* PAPR loose fitting hood - 25 PAPR tight fitting face piece (full-face) 1000 PAPR half mask - 50 Page 79 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Current Protection Factors: OSHA Atmosphere Supplying Supplied air: demand mode Half Face 10, Full Face 50 Continuous Flow Mode Half Face 50, Full Face 1000, Hood or Helmet 25 / 1000*, Loose Fitting 25 Pressure Demand Mode Half Face 50, Full Face 1000 Page 80 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Current Protection Factors: OSHA Atmosphere Supplying Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Demand Mode Half face 10, Full face 50, Helmet Hood 50 Pressure Demand Full Face 10,000, Helmet Hood 10,000 Page 81 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Current Protection Factors: NIOSH Separate for particulate and gas / vapor. See charts. Page 82 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Selection Criteria State of contaminant Oxygen level Hazards, exposure limits, warning properties Toxicity Concentration Work tasks Work conditions Facial hair Oil present Page 83 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Medical Evaluation Use questionnaire and / or exam. Must be written: what can someone wear do they need follow-up (YES to questions 1-8) frequency (may be stated in written plan) Page 84 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Fit Testing Qualitative vs. quantitative. Required for all tight-fitting respirators. Frequency: prior to initial use annually physical changes Fit tested to each respirator facepiece. make model style size Page 85 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Fit Testing Not required for PAPR loose fitting hoods, helmets. Not required for voluntary use, but encouraged by OSHA. All tight fitting must be tested negative pressure mode. Appendix A. Page 86 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Use of Respirators No facial hair that interferes wit the seal of the respirator. Seal check is REQUIRED before each use (mandatory Appendix B-2). Decontamination of respirator. Page 87 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Use of Respirators IDLH (include structural fire fighting): two in, two out rule constant communication (sight line, voice, radio) emergency rescue available Page 88 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Canisters Contain sorbent material. Chemical or chemical class specific (color-coded). Know and understand the limitations: quality and amount of sorbent breathing rate relative humidity temperature contaminant concentration affinity of the gas or vapor for the sorbent presence of other gases and vapors Cartridge replacement. Page 89 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Colors for AP elements Acid gas white Organic vapors black Ammonia gas green Carbon monoxide blue Acid gases and organic vapors yellow Acid gas, ammonia, and OV brown Acid gas, ammonia, CO, and OV red Other vapors and gases olive Radioactive materials (HEPA) purple * Dusts, fumes, mists (non-radio) magenta * * Colors may vary in shades Page 90 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Canister Replacement Three options required by OSHA: end of life indicator determine replacement schedule provide supplied air respirator NIOSH: daily or after each use, or even more often if odor, taste, or irritation some canisters may have end of service life indicators Page 91 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Warning Properties: OSHA Respirator cartridge change out based on odors or taste unacceptable (new standard). Wide sensitivity among individuals. Olfactory fatigue. Recognition. Mixtures. Page 92 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Warning Properties: NIOSH NIOSH permits air purifying respirators only if the contaminant has adequate warning properties: reliable detection of the contaminant below the PEL by user s sense of smell, taste, or irritation only applies to gases and vapors, not particulate exception is if AP element has an ESLI remember that odor thresholds vary substantially from one individual to another Page 93 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
OSHA-Specific Substance Rules Acrylonitrile: end of service life or end of shift Benzene: end of service life or beginning of shift Formaldehyde: every 3 hours (cartridges); 2-4 hours for canisters according to OSHA formula Vinyl Chloride: end of service life or end of shift Methylene Chloride: escape only; replace after use Page 94 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Replacement Schedule Determine or estimate the service life. Replace cartridges before expected breakthrough. Document the data in written program. Page 95 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Determine Service Life Estimate with rule of thumb. Calculate using mathematical models. Test in laboratory using simulated conditions. Test using a surrogate. Field determinations. Page 96 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Rules of Thumb Flow rate service life inversely proportional to flow extremely heavy work rate, reduce by 50% Boiling Point high boiling point collected efficiently, normal time low boiling point (<65 C), reduce by half Concentration reduce by factor of 10, increase service life by factor of 5 Humidity >85%, reduce by 50% Page 97 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Rule of Thumb High Boiling point (>65 C) normal humidity,<200 ppm, normal breathing 8 hours use Page 98 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Mathematical Models 3M Service Life Software Required: vapor identity and concentration (estimate OK) temperature work rate cartridge used atmospheric pressure www.mmm.com Page 99 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Practice Question A respirator with a protection factor of 100 means: a) The concentration of the contaminant outside the respirator may exceed 100 times the OSHA PEL. b) The respirator will last 100 times longer than one with a protection factor of 1. c) The concentration inside the mask will not exceed 1/100 th of the concentration outside the mask. d) The employee is 100 times more at risk using this respirator. Page 100 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Practice Question A respirator with a protection factor of 100 means: a) The concentration of the contaminant outside the respirator may exceed 100 times the OSHA PEL. b) The respirator will last 100 times longer than one with a protection factor of 1. c) The concentration inside the mask will not exceed 1/100 th of the concentration outside the mask. d) The employee is 100 times more at risk using this respirator. Answer c) The protection factor of the respirator is the fraction of the environmental concentration that will reach the breathing zone of the wearer through the respirator mechanisms. Page 101 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
References Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene, 5 th Edition, National Safety Council, www.nsc.org The Occupational Environment: It s Evaluation, Control, and Management, 2 nd Edition, American Industrial Hygiene Association, www.aiha.org Burton, D. Jeff, Industrial Hygiene Workbook: The Occupational Health Series, Ive, Inc., Bountiful, UT www.eburton.com Page 102 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection
Questions? Page 103 Summer Review Course: PPE / Respiratory Protection