Potential Solutions for Mercury Control in the Cement Industry Portland Cement Association Meeting August 24, 2009
Agenda Albemarle Sorbent Technologies Quick Overview Mercury Sorbents Control Options for Cement Kilns Questions 2 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Albemarle Corporation Net Sales 2008 Net Sales - $2.5 billion Polymer Additives 39% Catalysts 38% Fine Chemicals 23% Catalysts: refinery catalysts, polymer catalysts, etc Polymer Additives: flame retardants, stabilizers, curatives, antioxidants Fine Chemicals: brominated derivatives, pharmaceutical APIs, custom synthesis Largest producer of bromine and brominated products in NA One of the three major producers globally 3 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Well Positioned to Grow in Diverse End-Markets Net Sales Distribution Industrial Other Consumer Electronics Auto / Transp ort 3-5% 5% 2-4% 3-5% 8-10% 6-10% 4-6% Refining Construction Packaging Chemical Services 4 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Albemarle Sorbent Technologies Provides Total Mercury Reduction Solutions Provide brominated chemicals such as CaBr2, NaBr, and H2Br for addition to coal or to flue gas. Provide bromine containing activated carbon sorbents to remove Hg from flue gas. Supply PAC injection systems A Mobile Demonstration Unit available for Full-scale Trials Albemarle is active in many parts of the Hg control value chain Injection Systems, Sorbent, and Chemical Additives 5 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Full Service Mercury Company Field Trials Consulting Services Sorbent Injection Systems Mercury sorbents Bromine Chemicals 6 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Field Trials & Consulting 7 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Injection Trailer Easily moved from site to site and hooked up for inexpensive B-PAC sorbent injection testing. Can be used on CS-ESP gas streams of up to about 500 MW. 8 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Sorbent Injection Systems 9 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Sorbent Injection Systems 9 installed to date 10 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
M-PACT TM Sorbent Injection Systems For use in utility or industrial applications requiring an injection rate of less than 200 pounds of sorbent per hour. Less capital cost and less installation cost Up to 5000 pound sorbent storage capacity and can be fed from a tanker used for sorbent storage 11 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
M-PACT TM Injection Systems 12 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Sorbent Production 13 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Commercial Sorbent Production Albemarle increased capacity & working on further increases B-PAC high performance, C-PAC concrete-friendly, H-PAC high-temperature gas-phase brominated Hg sorbents are all now shipping on a daily basis Load-out at Ohio sorbent production plant 14 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Security of Supply Security of Supply: Bromine Albemarle is the leading supplier of bromine and bromine derivatives in North America and the 2 nd largest in the world (plants in USA, Jordan, JV in Asia) Powdered Activated Carbon A portfolio of international suppliers and a new Domestic Source 15 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Security of Supply Security of Supply: Bromine Albemarle is the leading supplier of bromine and bromine derivatives in North America and the 2 nd largest in the world (plants in USA, Jordan, JV in Asia) Powdered Activated Carbon A portfolio of international suppliers and a new Domestic Source 16 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Security of Supply To expand its supply capabilities, Albemarle has been partnering with MeadWestvaco (MWV) on the development of PAC bases MWV a $6.6 Billion supplier with two AC plants Covington, VA Wickliffe, KY 17 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
DEMONSTRATIONS AND TRIALS PERFORMED USING ALBEMARLE SORBENTS
Fully Proven Technology WA MT ND ME OR ID WY SD MN WI MI NY VT NH MA CT RI Locations of Customers and Full- CA NV NE Locations of Customers and Full- UT Scale CO Scale Trials Trials of of B-PAC, C- C- KS PAC, and and H-PAC AZ OK NM IA MO AR IL IN TN OH KY PA MD WV VA NC SC NJ DE MS AL GA TX LA AK FL HI 19 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Mercury Removal with Plain PACs Mercury Removal (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Sorbent Injection Rate (lb/mmacf) 20 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Mercury Removal with B-PAC Mercury Removal (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 B-PAC Plain PAC 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Sorbent Injection Rate (lb/mmacf) 21 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
All sorbents are NOT the same! Different carbon feedstocks Different forms of bromine Different processing Frequently yields different results Sorbent Specifications Bromine Level Thermal Characteristics Electrostatic Characteristics Particle Sizes 22 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Gas-Phase Brominated vs. Salt-Impregnated Gas-Phase Brominated = chemically-reacted bromine (carbon-bromine surface compounds) Salt-Impregnated = physically-applied bromine (e.g. will wash right off) 23 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
The Key Measurement is Cost Per Pound of Hg Removed! The cheapest PAC per-pound is not necessarily the lowest-cost PAC If 30% more of Br-salt PAC is required to achieve the same Hg removal as a Br-gas PAC and the sorbents cost the same, then the gas-phase PAC is really 30% less expensive. 24 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
One Possible Reason: Bromine Level If we were a carbon company, we d want you to buy twice the carbon. Albemarle Others 7-10 wt% Br 4 wt%? Br 25 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Bromine Impact on Hg Performance 1.00 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Fraction of Hg remaining in flue gas 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 Removal Wt% Br in PAC 0.10 0.90 26 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Mercury Control in Cement Kilns 1. Add-on particulate control and sorbent injection equipment works but costly 2. Add only a sorbent injection system and inject C-PAC a concrete-friendly TM mercury sorbent - to be demonstrated but much less costly 27 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Add-On Baghouses and ACI Systems ESP 28 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Mercury Capture in a Baghouse 2008 Mega Symposium 29 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
High Mercury Level Application 30 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Long-Term Comparative Trials PRB coal & CS-ESP Great River Energy 31 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Relative Performance 30 days of B-PAC at 1.6 lb/mmacf 60 days of Norit Hg-LH at 1.8 lb/mmacf Slide: URS Corp Orange added. 2008 Mega Symposium 32 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Problem with Add-On Baghouses Bustard, J., 2006 Mega Symposium 33 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
In-Process Mercury Control Concept Utilize the existing baghouse Add only a sorbent injection system (low capital cost) Use C-PAC TM a concrete-friendly TM sorbent Inject only at selected times Direct CKD collected during injection to cement mill rather than recycle to the cement kiln 34 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
In-Process Mercury Control 35 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
In-Process Hg Control Concept Inject only when Hg emission is the highest Separate the CKD generated during that time Use concrete-friendly TM mercury sorbent to avoid any impact on the cementitous properties of the CKD Direct the separated CKD to the cement grinding mill The mercury won t leach since it has reacted on the mercury sorbent The injection length is only long enough to reduce the mercury emission below the MACT standard. 36 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Summary Mercury control technology has reached the stage of commercial application Not all sorbents are the same Customer should select the most cost-effective on $/lb of Hg removed not $/lb of sorbent Cement kilns have two control options Add-on baghouse and ACI system or in-process control. 37 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation
Questions? Ron.Landreth@Albemarle.com 38 Confidential to Albemarle Corporation