Name Period CHAPTER 8 (SECTIONS 8.1 AND 8.2) WAVE PROPERTIES, SOUND 1 ACTIVITY LESSON DESCRIPTION SCORE/POINTS 1. NT NOTES PACKET (notes and study questions ) _ /50 NT NOTES PACKET (vocab definitions & examples) /48 /98 2. WS WAVES & VIBRATIONS 25-1 /20 3. WS SOUND WORKSHEET 26-1 /20 /40 4. WS READING GUIDE 8.1 PP. 354-363 /42 5. WS READING GUIDE 8.2 PP. 369-379 /26 68 6. WS OSCILLOSCOPE MATH WS /24 7. WS GRAPHING REVIEW WORKSHEET /16 /40 8. WS PREVIOUS UNITS REVIEW /21 /21 State Core Objectives covered in this unit: STANDARD V: Students will understand the properties and applications of waves. Objective 1: Demonstrate an understanding of mechanical waves in terms of general wave properties. a. Differentiate between period, frequency, wavelength, and amplitude of waves b. Interpret an Oscilloscope diagram to find Period, Frequency and Amplitude of the wave c. Provide examples of waves commonly observed in nature and/or used in technological applications. d. Identify the relationship between the speed, wavelength, and frequency of a wave. e. Explain the observed change in frequency of a mechanical wave coming from a moving object as it approaches and moves away (i.e., Doppler effect). f. Explain the transfer of energy through a medium by mechanical waves.
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Reading Guide for pp. 354 363 4 1. Wave motion is another way to transfer, but without a transfer of.(2) 2. When someone throws a football, energy is transferred. is also transferred. Explain why (2) 3. A wave pulse on a rope between 2 people only transfers what? (1) 4. What does a mechanical wave require to transfer energy? (1) 5. What is the difference between a wave pulse and a periodic wave? (2) 6. Describe the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave. (2) 7. What is a waveform? (1) 8. What is the peak or crest of a wave? (1) 9. What is the trough of a wave? (1) 10. What is the amplitude of the wave? (1) 11. The amplitude of the wave is usually determined by what? (1) 12. The amplitude of the wave determines how much the wave transfers. (1) 13. What Greek letter stands for wavelength? (1) 14. How do you find the wavelength? (1) 15. Look at Example 8.1, then solve the following: Water waves pass by an 18 ft boat. There are exactly 13 wavelengths from front to back of the boat. The vertical distance between a crest and a trough is 10 inches. What is the amplitude of the wave? (2) What is the wavelength of the wave? (2) 16. Define the frequency of waves. (1) 17. What is frequency measured in? (1)
18. What is the period of a wave? (1) 5 19. How are frequency and period related to each other? (1) 20. Frequency and period apply to waves only. (1) 21. Look at Example 8.2, then solves the following: Using a stopwatch for the water waves in problem 15, you determine that 5 wavelengths pass the bow of the boat in 2 seconds. What is the frequency of the waves? (2) What is the period of time for each wave? (2) 22. Write the 2 different formulas that can be used to find wave speed (one using period of Time, and one using frequency) (2) 23. Look at Example 8.4, then solve the following: If a wave has a wavelength λ of 1.85 feet and a frequency of 3 Hz, find the wave speed. (4) 24. Sound is a mechanical wave. (1) 25. The source of a sound wave vibrates rapidly causing what? (1) 26. What is the difference between a compression and a rarefaction? (2) 27. When you hear sound, energy is transferred from a source to your ears. What happens in the ear and brain so you can know what you are hearing? (2) 28. The loudness of a sound depends on what? (1)
Reading guide for pp. 369 379 6 1. What is interference in waves? (1) 2. Explain constructive interference (1) 3. Explain destructive interference (1) 4. What is the principle of superposition (1) 5. What causes a standing wave? (1) 6. Sound from a guitar or violin string is created by. Explain how. (1) 7. Give 4 examples of where other types of waves (besides stringed instruments) occur as standing waves. (4) 8. Explain how a machinist can use interference patterns of optical flats to determine the flatness of a machined part. (1) 9. What are beats and how do they occur? (2) 10. What is the natural frequency of an object? (1)
11. What is forced vibration.? (1) 7 12. What is resonance? (1) 13. Resonance happens because why? (1) 14. Give 3 examples of forced vibrations that can affect structures and machines. (3) 15. These vibrations don t usually represent a major problem unless they coincide with what? (1) 16. What happens if vibrations do coincide (match) the natural frequency? (1) 17. Give 3 examples of ways that people reduce resonance in machines, building, and engines. (3)
OSCILLOSCOPE MATH 8 WAVE TYPES: Square Sine Triangle Sawtooth To find the vertical voltage: count the number of boxes from the crest to the trough. Multiply this number by the number on the dial that the arrow points to. To find the horizontal time: count the number of boxes for one wavelength (either from crest to crest, trough to trough, or from where the wave crosses a grid line, to where the same point on the next wave crosses the same line) Multiply this number by the number on the dial that the arrow points to. s = seconds ms = milliseconds or 1/1,000 seconds µs = microseconds or 1/1,000,000 sec. To find the frequency: remember that Frequency = 1 / Time. The time must be in seconds. So if the dial was set to ms or µs then you have to change it to seconds. For ms, divide your answer by 1000, or move the decimal point left 3 places. For µs, divide your answer by 1,000,000 or move the decimal point left 6 places. After the answer for Time is in seconds, then you take 1 divided by that time. Name this wave
1. Name this wave 9 2. Name this wave
3. Name this wave 10 4. Name this wave Volts = Time = Frequency =
5. Name this wave 11 Volts = Time = Frequency = 6. Name this wave Volts = Time = Frequency =
Plot the following data points on the graph. Connect the dots with one line for Sample 1, and one line for Sample 2. Sample 1 (2pts line on graph) Y X Number Time Of Waves In Seconds 3 1 6 2 9 3 12 4 15 5 Sample 2 (2pts line on graph) Y X Number Time Of Waves In Seconds 2 1 4 2 6 3 8 4 10 5 GRAPHING REVIEW SCORE: 16 12 1. Since Number of Waves is on the Y axis and Time is on the X axis then what does the slope of the line solve for? Number of Waves = What would you label this? (2pts) time 2. Which line has a steeper slope, Sample 1 or Sample 2? (1pt) 3. Which Sample has a higher frequency based on the slope? (1pt) 5. Using the information in the data chart or from the graph, determine the frequency of Sample 1. (2pts= answer label) Since the Period (of Time) of the wave = 1 What is the Period of this wave? (2pts= answer label) f 6. Using the information in the data chart or from the graph, determine the frequency of Sample 2. (2pts= answer label) Since the Period (of Time) of the wave = 1 What is the Period of this wave? (2pts= answer label) f
PREVIOUS UNITS REVIEW Score: /41 13 Force of = G (M1)(M2) Electrical = k (Q1)(Q2) Gravity d 2 Force d 2 1. An object with a static electric charge of +4 is placed near an object with a static electric charge of -2. Will they attract or repel? (1pt) 2. A. If the two objects from problem #1 are placed 3 times farther apart, by how much will the total electrical force between them change? (1pt) B. If the two objects from problem #1 are placed 3 times closer together, by how much will the total electrical force between them change? (1pt) C. If the static charge on one of the objects becomes 2 times more (like +4 changes to +8), by how much will the total electrical force between them change? (1pt) D. If the static charge on one of the objects becomes 2 times less (like +4 changes to +2), by how much will the total electrical force between them change? (1pt) 3. A. There is a gravitational force of attraction between any two objects that have mass. The bigger the mass of the objects, the (bigger or smaller) the force of attraction. (1pt) B. If two objects are moved 4 times closer together, by how much will the total gravitational force between them change? (1pt) C. If two objects are moved 4 times farther apart, by how much will the total gravitational force between them change? (1pt) Tell which law of motion fits each description below. (1 st law; 2 nd law; or 3 rd law) Write your answer on the line in front of the question. 4. Which Law of Motion says that objects at rest, stay at rest and objects in motion stay in motion in a straight line and at a constant speed, unless a force acts on it? (1pt) 5. Which Law of motion explains why a gun kicks (or recoils) when the bullet is shot forward (1pt) 6. Which Law of Motion is called the Law of Inertia? (1pt) 7. Which Law of Motion explains why people groceries in a car tip over or slide on the seat when the car goes around a corner? (1pt) 8. Which Law of motion explains why it is harder to accelerate a heavier object? (1pt) 9. Which Law of Motion states that the acceleration produced by a net force equals that force on the object divided by the mass? (1pt) 10. Write which type of heat transfer is mostly responsible for each of the following: Choose from: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation (1 pt each) Write your answer on the line in front of the question. A. Smoke rises up a chimney. B. You can boil water in a microwave oven. C. The air near the ceiling is normally warmer than air near the floor. D. You feel the heat from a bonfire even though you are several meters away. E. The handle of a metal spoon becomes hot when you use it to stir hot soup. F. The sun travels through the vacuum of space to the earth by this method.
A. Force = 400 N 14 B. Force = 300 N Mass = C. Force = 900 N 200 kg D. Force = 400 N. Four forces are acting on a 200 kg object as shown in the picture above. Force A acts with 400 N down, Force B acts with 300 N. to the right. Force C acts with 900 N. to the left. Force D acts with 400 N. up. Use the above picture for questions 11-15 11. Tell which forces are balanced. (1pt) 12. Tell which forces are unbalanced. (1pt) 13. Tell what the net force is. (label answer) (2pts) 14. Which direction will the object move? (1pt) 15. By how much will the object accelerate? (label answer) (2pts) (hint the mass is shown in the diagram above and you solved for force in #3, use Newton s 2 nd law) GRAPH #1 GRAPH #2 16. What does the slope of the line: on Graph #1 solve for? on Graph #2 (2pts) 17. What may have happened on Graph #1 from 6 10 seconds? (1pt) 18. What may have happened on Graph #2 from 4 6 seconds? (1pt) 19. What may have happened on Graph #1 from 10 14 seconds? (1pt) 20. What may have happened on Graph #2 from 6 8 seconds? (1pt) 21. What is the slope of the line on Graph #1 from 2 6 seconds? (label answer) (2pts) 22. What is the slope of the line on Graph #1 from 14 18 seconds? (label answer) (2pts) 23. What is the slope of the line on Graph #2 from 1 4 seconds? (label answer) (2pts) 24. What is the slope of the line on Graph #2 from 9 10 seconds? (label answer) (2pts)