Figure 3.33 Average ice thickness from ice charts, by year 5 Average Thickness (S egg code) 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1,5 S egg code (range of thickness) 1: <1 cm 2: -1 cm 4: 1-15 cm 5: 15-3 cm 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 21 23 winter Kamouraska Cacouna Ile Verte 3 sites Figure 3.34 Average floe size from ice charts, by year 3,5 3 2,5 Kamouraska Cacouna Ile Verte 3 sites Floe size (F egg code) 2 1,5 1,5 F code (Floe size) 1: <2m 2: <2m 3: 2-1m 4: 1-5m 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 21 23 winter 117 - F21 - June 23
4,5 Figure 3.35 Average size and average thickness from ice charts, by year 3 north sites F and S code (Egg code) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 F code (Floe size) 1: <2m 2: <2m 3: 2-1m 4: 1-5m S egg code (range of thickness) 1: <1 cm 2: -1 cm 4: 1-15 cm 5: 15-3 cm,5 average size average thickness 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 21 23 winter Figure 3.36 Relationship between average size and average thickness from ice charts 3 north sites 1983 to 23 4,5 average thickness (S code) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1,5 S egg code (range of thickness) 1: <1 cm 2: -1 cm 4: 1-15 cm 5: 15-3 cm F code (Floe size) 1: <2m 2: <2m 3: 2-1m 4: 1-5m average thickness Linéaire (average thickness),5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 average size (F code) 117 - F22 - June 23
Figure 5.1 Delimitation of wave climate zones in Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence 117 - F23 - June 23
Figure 5.2 Wind roses at Île Rouge for winter months (Jan, Feb and March) Figure 5.3 Wind roses at a site in wave zone V for winter months (Jan, Feb and March) 117 - F24 - June 23
Figure 5.4 Legend for climatological charts (for figures 5.5, 5.6 and 5.7) 117 - F25 - June 23
Figure 5.5 Climatological chart of the Estuary of the St. Lawrence for January Figure 5.6 Climatological chart of the Estuary of the St. Lawrence for February 117 - F26 - June 23
Figure 5.7 Climatological chart of the Estuary of the St. Lawrence for March 117 - F27 - June 23
Figure 5.8 Accumulated freezing-degree-days (FDDs) at selected meteorological stations, 1955 to 23 16 15 14 13 12 11 1 9 8 7 6 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 21 23 Accumulated degree-days Québec Mont Joli Ile Rouge Rivière du Loup 117 - F28 - June 23
Figure 6.1 Typical tidal curves - Estuary of the St. Lawrence River 117 - F29 - June 23
Figure 6.2 Bathymetry of St. Lawrence Estuary from Quebec to Tadoussac Pointe de la Martinière Pointe St-Vallier La Malbaie Kamouraska Cacouna Saguenay River Île Verte Source : Courtesy of F. Saucier and F. Roy, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne 117 - F3 - June 23
Figure 6.3 Tidal current patterns at «South» sites of Pointe-de-la-Martinière and Pointe-Saint-Vallier, 3 to 4 hours after high water at Québec Figure 6.4 Tidal current patterns at Kamouraska, to 1 hour after low water at Pointe-au-Père 117 - F31 - June 23
Figure 6.5 Tidal current patterns at Cacouna and Ïle Verte, to 1 hour after low water at Pointe-au-Père Figure 6.6 Tidal current patterns at Gros Cacouna and Ïle Verte, 3 to 2 hours before high water at Pointe-au-Père 117 - F32 - June 23
Figure 6.7 Tidal current patterns at Cacouna and Ïle Verte, 1 to hour before high water at Pointe-au-Père 117 - F33 - June 23
Figure 8.1 Escort and De-icing Canadian Coast Guard, Laurentian Zone Statistics of operational program (199-22) 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 Icebreaker trips, zone L3 Icebreaker trips, zone L4 Escorts, number Helicopter patrols, number Helicopter patrols, hours Climate Severity (CCG rating) Ice Severity (CCG rating) 22 23 Ice Severity (CCG rating) Helicopter patrols, hours Escorts, number Icebreaker trips, zone L3 117 - F34 - June 23
Figure 8.2a Ranking of winters from weather data at Mont-Joli 16 15 Accumulated annual FDDs (deg. C) 14 13 12 11 1 9 8 7 Mont-Joli FDDs Mean + 1 SD Mean Mean - 1 SD 6 1954 1956 1958 196 1962 1964 1966 1968 197 1972 1974 1976 1978 198 1982 1984 1986 1988 199 1992 1994 1996 1998 2 22 Figure 8.2b Ranking of winters from weather data at Québec Accumulated annual FDDs (deg. C) 16 15 14 13 12 11 1 9 8 7 Québec FDDs Mean + 1 SD Mean Mean - 1 SD 6 1954 1956 1958 196 1962 1964 1966 1968 197 1972 1974 1976 1978 198 1982 1984 1986 1988 199 1992 1994 1996 1998 2 22 117 - F35 - June 23
Figure 8.3 Ranking of winters from ice thickness on ice charts 4,5 4 S code from the egg code 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1,5 S egg code (range of thickness) 1: <1 cm 2: -1 cm 4: 1-15 cm 5: 15-3 cm 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 21 23 winter 3 sites Average Average+Standard variation Average-Standard variation Figure 8.4 Ranking of winters from floe size on ice charts 3,5 3 F code from the egg code 2,5 2 1,5 1,5 3 sites Average Average+Stand Variation Average-Standard Variation F code (Floe size) 1: <2m 2: <2m 3: 2-1m 4: 1-5m 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 21 23 winter 117 - F36 - June 23
Figure 8.5 Zones for ice conditions statistics in Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence 117 - F37 - June 23
Figure 8.6 Total Accumulated Seasonal Ice Coverage Gulf of St Lawrence 4 35 Accumulated Coverage (sq. km) 3 25 2 15 1 5 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 21 23 Figure 8.7 Ranking of winters from volume of ice produced Gulf of St. Lawrence Total annual volume of ice produced ( km. cu.) 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 1962 1964 1966 1968 197 1972 1974 1976 1978 198 1982 1984 Bugden database CIS database Mean + 1 SD Mean Mean - 1 SD 1986 1988 199 1992 1994 1996 1998 2 22 24 117 - F38 - June 23
Figure 9.1 Cumulated freezing degree-days (FDDs) selected seasons and locations 15 14 13 12 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 31 3 1 31 Cumulative FDDs (degrees C) 1972 Mont-Joli 1992 Mont-Joli 1993 Mont-Joli 23 Mont-Joli 23 Québec Dates - December, January, February, March 117 - F39 - June 23
Figure 9.2 Daily average wind speed at Mont Joli during winter 23 Wind velocity (km/h) 5 4 3 2 1 Mont-Joli-wind velocity (km/h) 1 31 3 1 31 Dec. 22 Jan.23 Feb.23 March23 Wind velocity (km/h) 5 4 3 2 1 Quebec-wind velocity (km/h) 1 31 3 1 31 Dec. 22 Jan.23 Feb.23 March23 117 - F4 - June 23