LESSON 8 الض م ير ال م ت ص ل The Attached pronouns (Part 1) Phrases of the lesson In the cause (way) of Allaah ف ي س ب يل االله «!$# È Î6y Îû ١ Say "This is my way" ö è% þ Í?ŠÎ6y ÍνÉ yδ ي ق ل ه ذ ه س ب يل ٢ On the heart of every arrogant, tyrant. 4 n?tã ٣ 9 $ 6y_ 9Éi9s3tFãΒ É=ù=s% Èe à2 ع ل ى ك ل ق ل ب م ت ك ب ر ج ب ار On your (m. s.) heart He guides his heart In his heart, (there is) a disease Verily! I am Allaah! No God Except Me (none has the right to be worshipped but Me) ع ل ى ق ل ب ك y7î7ù=s% 4 n?tã ي ه د ق ل ب ه çµt6=s% κu ٤ ٥ Îû ÖÚttΒ ÏµÎ7ù=s% ف ي ق ل ب ه م ر ض ٦ û Í_ ΡÎ) O$tΡr& HωÎ) tµ s9î) Iω ª!$# $tρr& إ ن ن ي أ ن ا االله لا إ ل ه إ لا أ ن ا ٧ And Moosaa said: "O Fir3awn (Pharaoh)! Verily, I am a Messenger from the Lord of the worlds و ق ال م وس ى ي ا ف ر ع ون إ ن ي ر س ول م ن ر ب ال ع ال م ين Αθß u ÎoΤÎ) ãβöθtãöï tƒ 4 y θãβ tα$s%uρ t Ïϑn= yèø9$# Éb> ÏiΒ ٨ Indeed, it is the truth from your Lord Allaah is our Lord and your Lord O sister (i.e. the like) of Haaroon (Aaron)! Your (f. s.) father was not a bad man, nor your (f. s.) mother was an unchaste woman." Has come to you a Reminder from your Lord through a man from amongst you çµ ΡÎ) y7îi/ ÏΒ,ysø9$# ال ح ق م ن ر ب ك ٩ إ ن ه ور ب ك م ١٠ ª!$# Ν3š/u uρ $uζš/u االله ر ب نا ي ا أ خ ت هار ون ما ك ان أ ب و ك ء و ما ك ان ت أ م ك ب غ ي ا ا م ر أ س و ذ ك ر م ن ر بك م ج اء ك م ر ج ل م ن ك م ع ل ى r&tøβ$# Ï8θç/r& tβ%x. $tβ tβρã yδ M zé' tƒ $ Éót/ Å7 Βé& ômtρ%x. $tβuρ & öθy 4 n?tã Ν3În/ Β Ö2Œ Ν.u!%ỳ öνä3ζïiβ 9 ã_u ١١ ١٢ www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 94 The attached pronouns appear in red.
WRITING RULES - The word r&tøβ$# in line 11 is the same as (man) we had in lesson ام ر ؤ 2 page 17 when we mentioned the words that start with Hamzatu-l-wasl ك س ر ة with Kasrah ه م ز ة ال و ص ل ). ا م ر ئ ا م ر أ ا م ر ؤ ( forms can be written in three ا م ر أ The word It is a special word in Arabic where the last letter and the letter before are changing due to the conjugation. - The change of the seat of Hamzah in this word is due to the general rule of writing the Hamzah at the end of the word: 1- If Hamzah comes at the end of word preceded by Fat-hah, it will be ) ا م ر أ - ب د أ خ ط ا ( Alif written over 2- If Hamzah comes at the end of word preceded by Dhammah, it will ) ا م ر ؤ ل ؤ ل ؤ ( Waaw be written over 3- If Hamzah comes at the end of word preceded by Kasrah, it will be written over Yaa' without dots ( ) ا م ر ئ ش اط ي 4- If Hamzah comes at the end of word preceded by Sukoon, it will be ) ش ي ء د ف ء ( line written aloof on the The seat of Hamzah at the end of the word depends on the mark preceding it not on the mark of the Hamzah itself. *It is important to remind here you that the seat is not pronounced, but is only an orthographic convention in the spelling of words with Hamzah. The reading of Hamzah depends only on the mark it has. - The phrase ãβöθtãöï tƒ : O Pharaoh, is composed of two words: ) and أ د اة ن داء ( call which is a particle of ي ا ن Pharaoh). (Fir3awn: ف ر ع و The two words were written as one word in the Qur'aanic script. Same www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 95 ي ا + أ خ ت for Mzé' tƒ it is composed of
4 Qur'aanic Arabic Advise for this lesson الا خ لاص The sincerity ÏπyϑÍhŠs)ø9$# ß ƒïš y7ï9 sœuρ nο4θx. 9$# (#θè? σãƒuρ nο4θn= Á9$# (#θßϑ É)ãƒuρ u!$x uζãmt Ïe$!$# ã&s! t ÅÁÎ=øƒèΧ!$# (#ρß ç6 èu Ï9 āωî) (#ÿρâ É é&!$tβuρ "And they were commanded not, but that they should worship Allaah, and worship none but Him Alone (abstaining from ascribing partners to Him), and perform As-Salaa alaah and give Zakaah,, and that is the right religion." Sincerity is achieved when Muslim brothers or sisters have the intention to please Allaah Almighty in all their endeavors whether in speech or action. The Muslim seeks generous rewards from Allah Almighty without considering any other motives. Signs of Sincerity - To have good intentions before starting a task. - Habits are changed by acts of worship - To perfect one s duty in private and in public. - To dislike being praised by others, with the Du3aa': O Allah, forgive me for what they do not know about me, and make me better than what they think of me. - To welcome advice from friends. - To not seek leadership and not nominate yourself for positions of authority. - To be constantly mindful of one s shortcomings, and to advise or wish others well. - To feel that your contribution is minimal compared to others. - To love performing the Fajr, 3ishaa, and night prayers. - To prefer giving charity in secret. These are some of the signs of sincerity (Ikhlaas). We therefore have to exert ourselves to achieve sincerity because it is a great loss to work hard and end up losing everything. t Ïe$!$# çµ 9 $TÁÎ=øƒèΧ!$# y ç7ôãr& βr& ßNöÏΒé& þ ÎoΤÎ) ö è% Say (O Muhammad (peace be upon him)) "Verily, I am commanded to worship Allaa aah (Alone) by obeying Him and doing religious deeds sincerely for his sake only. www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 96
The Attached Pronoun www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com The attached pronouns appear in red. Page 97 ا ل م ت ص ل ضم ي ر ال The Arabic language has a special characteristic that the pronouns can appear attached to nouns, verbs or particles. The Attached Pronouns in Arabic are of two categories: 1- Pronouns attached to nouns, verbs and particles 2- Pronouns attached to verbs only. الض م ير ال م ت ص ل (٢ ( Attached Pronoun of the second category Present Past tense verb tense verb الض م ير ال م ت ص ل (١ ( Attached Pronoun of the first category الض م ير ال م ن ف ص ل Separate Pronoun ف ع ل ت أ ف ع ل ال م ت ك ل م (1 st person) I m/f. s أ ن ا...ي...ن ا ف ع ل ن ا ن ف ع ل We m/f. d/p ن ح ن person) (2 nd ال م خ اط ب You.m s أ ن ت...ك ف ع ل ت ت ف ع ل You.f s أ ن ت...ك ف ع ل ت ت ف ع ل ي ن You m/f. d ا...ك م ا ف ع ل ت م ا ت ف ع لا ن أ ن ت م ف ع ل ت م ت ف ع ل و ن You m. p أ ن ت م...ك م You.f p أ ن ت ن...ك ن ف ع ل ت ن ت ف ع ل ن person) (3 rd ال غ اي ب ي ف ع ل ف ع ل...ه /...ه ه و He/ it m. s ت ف ع ل ف ع ل ت...ه ا ه ي She/ it f. s ي ف ع لا ن ف ع لا...ه م ا/...ه ما ه م ا They.m d ت ف ع لا ن ف ع ل تا ما...ه م ا/...ه ه م ا They.f d ي ف ع ل و ن ف ع ل وا...ه م /...ه م ه م They.m p ي ف ع ل ن ف ع ل ن...ه ن /...ه ن ه ن They.f p
- The previous table is showing all form of attached pronouns, it is to give you an over view and it is not to memorize now. - In the following lessons we will study the attached pronouns of the first form only. All pronouns in Arabic including the attached pronouns have only one form م ب ن ي ; their mark remain the same at different positions. Important comments: Attached Pronouns of the first category 1 - For an easy memorization of these pronouns notice: a- the similarity of the ending of the separate and the connected pronoun in the dual and the plural. b- Letter ( ك ) is the common letter for the second person, and letter ( ه ) is the common letter for the third person. c- In all cases ( ما ) is coming at the end of dual, ( م ) at the end of masculine plural and ( ن ) at the end of feminine plural. (ه) 2- How can we explain that the pronoun appears in some cases with ض م ة and in others? م ب ن ي if all pronouns are ك س ر ة with The mark of the letter هاء change due to the mark preceding it, it is phonetic reason not as a grammatical reason: الض م ير ال م ت ص ل Attached Pronoun الض م ير ال م ن ف ص ل Separate Pronoun أ ن ا...ي * ن ح ن...ن ا...ك...ك www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 98 أ ن ت أ ن ت...ك ما أ ن ت ما...ك م أ ن ت م...ك ن أ ن ت ن...ه /...ه ه و...ه ا ه ي ما ما/... ه...ه ه م ا...ه ما/... ه ما ه م ا...ه م /...ه م ه م...ه ن /...ه ن ه ن
3 Qur'aanic Arabic If it is preceded by ك س ر ة or by the letter ( ي( whether it has a mark or it is a ك س ر ة long vowel, it will have س ب ي ل ه ع ل يه في هم ا ق ل ب ه م Ex. - - أ ب و ه م - Ex. ض م ة Otherwise it will have ع ن ه ق ب ل ه أ خ ت ه م ا In line 5 The pronoun ه had ض م ة in the word çµt6ù=s% because it is preceded by Fat-hah and in line 6 it had ك س ر ة the word ϵÎ7ù=s% because it is preceded. ك س ر ة by Important comment *In the Qur'aan the pronoun ي appears sometimes with Fat-hah and sometimes as a long vowel and there is no rule for that, but in the standard Arabic it is only a long vowel. Ex. ر ب ي or ر ب ي both are in the Qur'aan ÒΟŠÉ)tGó Β ÔÞ uåà #x yδ çνρß ç6ôã$sù öνà6š/u uρ În1u!$# βî) àm Ïϑãƒuρ Ç ósムÏ%!$# } În/u ãν Ïδ tö/î) tα$s% øœî) www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 99
Pronouns of the first category attached to different types of words الض م ير ال م ن ف ص ل الض م ير ال م ت ص ل م ت ص ل ب ا س م م ت ص ل ب ح ر ف ال ج ر م ت ص ل ب ا ن م ف ع ول ب ه م ت ص ل ب ال ف ع ل Attached to verbs to show the object Attached إ ن to Attached to prepositions Attached to nouns to show the possessor Attached Pronoun Separate Pronoun أ ن ا ن ح ن...ي ك تاب ي...ن ا ك تاب نا أ ن ت...ك ك تاب ك ك أ ن ت...ك ك تاب أ ن ت ما...ك م ا لي ك تاب ك ما ا إ ن ن ي/ س م ع ن ي إ ي ن ل نا إ ن نا / إ ن ا س م ع نا س م ع ك إ ن ك ل ك ك س م ع إ ن ك ل ك س م ع ك ما إ ن ك ما ل ك م س م ع ك م إ ن ك م ل ك م ك تاب ك م...ك م أ ن ت م س م ع ك ن إ ن ك ن ل ك ن ك تاب ك ن...ك ن أ ن ت ن س م ع ه إ ن ه ل ه إ ن ك تاب ك تاب ه...ه /...ه ه و...ه س م ع ها إ ن ها ل ها إ ن ك تاب ها...ه ا ه ي...ه ا ه ما س م ع ه ما إ ن ه ما ل ما ه ما/ ك تاب ه ك تاب..ه ما..ه ما/ ه م ا س م ع ه م إ ن ه م ل ه م إ ن ك تاب ك تاب ه م..ه م م ه م..ه م س م ع ه ن إ ن ه ن ل ه ن ك تاب ه ن/ ك تاب ه ن..ه ن /..ه ن ه ن www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 100
uu ss nn ÎÎ ÎÎ yy ÎÎ yy ÎÎ yy ÎÎ yy ÎÎ yy Qur'aanic Arabic How to attach pronouns to different types of words? ال م ض اف إ ل ي ه 1- Attached to nouns to show the possessor If I want to say (his book) in Arabic, We do not say ه و, we use the ) ه corresponding attached pronouns In line 1 you have the word ك تاب ه say:, we ( way). (a س ب يل ك ت اب In line 2 the same word appeared attached to the pronoun ي at the end س بي ل ي (My way) The same word can be attached to different attached pronoun: Way ãã Î Î6y y My way ÍÍ? Î Î6y y Our way $u uζn n=šî Î6y y *Notice that the mark on the last letter of the word س ب يل might change due to the changing of the position of that word in the sentence, but the mark of the pronoun is not changing. Your (m. s.) way yy y7î y Î= Î Î6y y His way ãã&s s# Î Î6y y More examples We do not say We say *When a word ending with ( ) is attached to a pronoun, we change ) ة ( as ت( ( to ) ة ( can only be at the end of the word. ة ح يات ن ا* ح ياة ن ح ن أ م ك أ م أ ن ت ر س ول ك م ر س ول أ ن ت م ه و ر ب ر ب ه ه ي ن ف س ن ف س ه ا ص لاة ه ن ص لات ه ن Our life Your (m. s) mother Your (m. p) messenger His Lord Her self Their (f. p) prayer www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 101
Important note: The noun that has a pronoun attached cannot have ال ك تاب ه but not كت ب ا ك تاب ه of definition. Ex ال How to conjugate it? ال When a pronoun of this form is attached to any noun, it is in the position of م ض اف إ ل ي ه and it is م ب ن ي as it does not change of form. ض م ير م ب ن ي ف ي م ح ل ج ر We say: م ض اف إ ل ي ه ) م ض اف إ ل ي ه (A pronoun built on one form in the position of The islam is his way الا س لا م س ب يل ه الا س لام : م ب ت د أ م ر ف وع و ع لام ة ر ف ع ه الض م ة. It is accepted for beginners to say س ب يل : خ ب ر م ر ف وع و ع لام ة ر ف ع ه الض م ة. ه (الهاء): ض م ير م ب ن ي في م ح ل ج ر م ض اف إ ل ي ه. ه : ض م ير م ب ن ي ) م ض ا ف إ ل ي ه ( Indeed your (f. s) way is straight م س ت ق يم إ ن س ب يل ك إ ن : ح ر ف ت و ك يد و ن ص ب. اس م إ ن س ب يل : م ن ص وب و ع لام ة ن ص ب ه ال ف ت ح ة. ك (ا لكاف ): ض م ير م ب ن ي في م ح ل ج ر ك : ض م ير م ب ن ي ) م ض ا ف إ ل ي ه ( إ ل ي ه. م ض ا ف It is accepted for beginners to say إ ن م س ت ق يم : خ ب ر م ر ف وع و ع لام ة ر ف ع ه الض م ة. www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 102
In line 4 On your (m. s) heart ع ل ى ق ل ب ك ع ل ى: ح ر ف ج ر. ق ل ب : اس م م ج ر و ر و ع لام ة ج ر ه ال ك س ر ة. ك (الكاف ): ض م ير م ب ن ي في م ح ل ج ر ك : ض م ير م ب ن ي ) م ض ا ف إ ل ي ه ( م ض ا ف إ ل ي ه It is accepted for beginners to say ه ذ ه س ب يل ي In line 2 This is my way *Important comment: Any word attached to the attached pronoun,(ي) its last mark will always change to kasrah to suit the long vowel (ي) and the conjugation will be as follow: It is accepted for beginners to say (estimated Dammah) ه ذ ه : ا س م إ شار ة م ب ن ي ف ي م ح ل ر ف ع م ب ت د إ. ه ذ ه : ا س م إ شار ة م ب ن ي ) مب ت دأ ( س ب يل: خ ب ر م ر ف وع و ع لام ة ر ف ع ه الض م ة ال م ق د رة. As it is not possible to keep Dammah or Fat-hah before the long vowel Yaa' م ق د ر ة we need to say they are estimated ( ) ي(الياء): ض م ير م ب ن ي في م ح ل ج ر إ ل ي ه. م ض ا ف ) إ ل ي ه It is accepted for beginners to say ي : ض م ير م ب ن ي م ض اف ( www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 103
Learn some new words husband ج ة ج / ز و ز و ج ز و wife father أ ب أ م mother daughter ا ب ن ا ب ن ة / ب ن ت son sister أ خ brother أ خ ت *Notice that the word (wife) can be translated to: and this is the common word in the standard Arabic ز وج ة 1- (pair). and this is the one used in the Qur'aan and it can also mean ز و ج 2- And O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in Paradise And from them, they learn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife و ي ا آد م اس ك ن أ ن ت ج ك ال ج ن ة و ز و ف ي ت ع ل م ون م ن ه م ا ب ه م ا ي ف ر ق و ن ب ي ن ال م ر ء و ز و ج ه sπ Ψyfø9$# y7ã_ ρy uρ MΡr& ô ä3ó $# ãπyš$t tƒuρ ϵÎ/ šχθè%ìhx ム$tβ $yϑßγ ΨÏΒ tβθßϑ =yètgušsù ϵÅ_ ρy uρ Ï öyϑø9$# t t/ ١ ٢ www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 104
1 Add the pronouns to the following nouns أ ض ف / أ ض يف ي الض ماي ر إ ل ى الا س ماء الت ال ي ة ت د ر يب ات Exercises -١ ه / ه + ه ما + ه ن + ي + ك + أ م أ م ي أ ب أ خ أ ب ي أ خ ي + ك أ م ك *أ ب و ك *أ خ و ك أ م ك أ بو ك أ م ه أ ب و ه أ م ه م ا أ بوه ما أ م ه ن أ بوه ن أ خ ت ا ب ن ب ن ت ز و ج ز و ج ة ر س ول ك ز و ج ت ق ل م *Notice that when adding pronouns to the nouns ( أ خ أ ب ) we add a واو before. $ Éót/ Å7 Βé& ômtρ%x. $tβuρ & öθy r&tøβ$# Ï8θç/r& tβ%x. $tβ tβρã yδ M zé' tƒ ) أ خ و م ح م د أ ب و ب ك ر Ex. to them ( م ضاف إل يه Also when adding Father of Bakr Brother of Muhammad www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 105
٢- ت ر ج م / ت ر ج م ي إ ل ى ال ع ر ب ي ة وض ع / ض ع ي الح ر ك ات 2- translate (m./f.) and put (m. /f.) the marks 1- My Lord is Allaah 2- And Your God (Muhammad) is one 3- Son of Maryam and his mother are a sign 4- This is their (m. p) day 5- His path is straight ٣- ض ع / ض ع ي خ ط ا ت ح ت الض م ير ال م ت ص ل و ت ر ج م / ت ر ج م ي 3- Put (m. /f.) a line under the attached pronoun and translate (m. /f.) ك ل م االله ع بد ه م وس ى ع ذاب ه م ش د يد اب ن ه م ا صال ح ال ع د و خ ل ف ك م إن أر ض ك م ا ك ب ير ة www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 106
الح ر كا ت ٤- ض ع / ض ع ي ع ل ى آخ ر الاس م وع ل ى الض م ير ال م ت ص ل ب ه 4- Put (m. /f.) the marks at the end nouns and of pronouns attached to them و ه ذ ا ص ارط ر ب ك ي ا م ح م د ق ص ير ة إ ن ح ياتكم كاف ر ة ام رته أ االله ر ب نا م ح م د ر س ولنا الا س لام د ي ننا جاء ال ح ق م ن ر ب ك يا م ؤ م ن ة قال ق ال : ر سول : ك م : خ ي ر ا: -٥ أ ع ر ب / أ ع ر ب ي ال ك ل م ات Conjugate (m./f.) the words ر س ول ك م ف ع ل خ ي ر ا م ا ض ر ح يم إن ر بنا إن : ر ب : www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 107
نا : ر ح يم : ق أر ع م ر ف ي ك تاب ه ق ر أ : ف ع ل ماض read) (he ع م ر : ف ي: ك ت اب : ه : www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 108