PACIFIC NORTHWEST TEST OF A HYDROGRAPHIC AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER Green LiDAR Workshop June 3 7, 2012 Russell Faux, Principal Watershed Sciences, Inc. 517 SW 2 nd Street, Suite 400 Corvallis, OR 97333 541 752 1204 Cover image courtesy of Jon Frech
Watershed Sciences, Inc. Mapping: Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Thermal Infrared Imagery Digital Multi/Hyper spectral Imagery Bathymetric/Sonar Geodetic Survey Analysis: Water Quality Modeling FEMA Compliant Topographic Maps Automated Feature Extraction Forest Inventory and Vegetation Analysis Fish and Wildlife Habitat Assessments Spatial Data Analysis and Visualization Utilities Corridor Feature Mapping
Presentation Overview Overview of Shallow Water Bathymetric LiDAR Systems Sample Test Data from the Riegl VQ 820 G. Proposed Test Sites for 2012 Pacific Northwest Data Acquisition.
Applications of Shallow Water Topo Bathymetric LiDAR Rapid survey of shallow water areas that are difficult, dangerous, or impossible to get using water borne methods. River and estuary environments: channel cross sections, water level dynamics, biological habitat, riparian conditions, intrinsic potential.
SHALLOW WATER Airborne Hydrographic LiDAR Systems USGS EAARL Riegl VQ 820 G AHAB Chiroptera Optech Aquarius Optech CZMIL Wavelength 532nm 532 nm 532 nm 532 nm 532nm Pulse Length 1.2 ns 1.0 ns 2.5 ns long 2.0 ns Beam Divergence 1.5 mrad 1.0 mrad 3.0 mrad 1.0 mrad? Nominal 300 m 600 m 250 400 m 300 600 m 400 m Operating Altitude (AGL) Max PRF 3KHz 250kHz 18 khz 70KHz 10KHz Hydrography 1.5 SD 1.0 SD 10 m (for Kd=0.15) 10 m (for Kd <0.1/m) Release Date 2001 2011 Sept 2011 March 2012 June 2011 May 2012 3 SD Other Topo Bathy Topo Bathy Bathy/NIR Channel SD = Secci Depth Topo Bathy Topo Bathy Hyperspectal Imagery
FLORIDA FLIGHT TEST OPERATIONAL DATA Flight Tests conducted at 600m AGL, 100 knots PRF = 138 KHz 50% side lap Native 5 6 pulses/m 2
RIEGL VQ 820 G FLORIDA DEMO NOAA Twin Otter Riegl VQ 820 G with Applanix DSS Camera
RIEGL VQ 820 G TECHNICAL DATA Laser Wavelength: 532nm (green) Beam Divergence: 1.0 mrad (60 cm spot at 600m) Pulse Width: 1.4 ns (15 cm vertical discrimination) Pulse Repetition Frequency: 250KHz Intensity: 16 bit Scan: 42 o FOV; Elliptical Scan (20 o forward scan)
BAL HARBOR BRIDGE, NORTH MIAMI BEACH, FL
BAL HARBOR BRIDGE, NORTH MIAMI BEACH, FL Colored by elevation, water included excluded
BAL HARBOR BRIDGE, NORTH MIAMI BEACH, FL
BISCAYNE BAY, FL
BIG MULLET KEY, FL
RIEGL VQ 820 G SAMPLE DATA ISAR RIVER 9.1 pulses/m 2
ISAR RIVER 0.87 meters
ISAR RIVER 1.13 meters 1.98 meters
1.49 meters 0.79 meters ISAR RIVER
PACIFIC NORTHWEST (PNW) GOALS Deploy the Riegl VQ 820 G in the PNW during base flow conditions (Sept/Oct). Test the performance of the system across representative sample site and applications. Florida Oregon
AREA OF INTEREST (AOI) PREFERENCES Realistic goals and expectations (i.e. operate within the design specifications of the system). AOI s with existing or planned ground truth data (i.e. cross sections, sonar surveys). Preference given to pairing with existing (i.e. funded) NIR topographic projects. Collaboration with University and Government Research.
Challenges of Shallow Water Topo Bathymetric LiDAR Relatively young discipline. Confounding Variables: Air/Water Interface Turbidity Bottom reflectivity Vegetation
PNW Test Workflow Planning Acquisition Processing Products Co Acquisition RGB Imagery Image Processing Natural Color Orthos Candidate AOI s Install, Test, & Train NIR LiDAR Calibration Topographic Models Partners Objectives Ground Truth Flight Planning Bore sight/cal. Sensor Settings Resources/Schedule Green LiDAR Quick Look FWF Analysis Combined Models Research & Development
WSI SENSOR CONFIGURATION Install the topo bathy LiDAR concurrently with NIR topographic LiDAR and natural color imagery
WSI MULTI SENSOR CONFIGURATIONS
CANDIDATE AREAS OF INTEREST Small/Medium Rivers Sandy River, OR Elwha River, WA Cedar River, WA Lower Cowlitz River, WA Upper John Day River, OR Upper Grande Ronde River, OR Lower Boise River, ID Coastal/Estuaries Coastal Jetties Oregon Coast Baker Bay, WA Nisqually Delta, WA
PROPOSED AOI SANDY RIVER, OR Objective: Channel morphology monitoring due to the 2008 removal of the Marmot Dam. Existing Data: Multi temporal NIR topographic LiDAR data collections (2006, 2008, 2010, 2011); channel cross sections (2009, 2010, 2011) Challenges: It s called the Sandy River, deep/runs pools. Top: LiDAR derived 1 m DEM of the Marmot Dam site (2006). Bottom: Oblique rendering of the former Marmot Dam Site (2010).
PROPOSED AOI ELWAH RIVER, WA Objective: Channel morphology and fish habitat after removal of Elwah River Dam in 2011 Existing Data: NIR LiDAR of the lower river, habitat monitoring. Challenges: Deep runs and pools, white water/riffles, complex channels
PROPOSED AOI TOUTLE RIVER, WA Objective: Channel morphology changes and long term monitoring. Existing Data: Multi temporal NIR LiDAR (2010, 2011) Challenges: Very shallow in places, non reflective bottom Top: LiDAR derived 1 m DEM of the Toutle River Floodplain (2011). Bottom: LiDAR Point Cloud colored by 2009 NAIP Imagery (2011).
PROPOSED AOI CEDAR RIVER, WA Objective: Hydraulic modeling, stream restoration and monitoring. Existing Data: NIR LiDAR (2011), Planned NIR LiDAR/sonar bathymetry Challenges: Heavy riparian vegetation. Left: LiDAR point cloud colored by elevation and Intensity (2011). Right: Ground level image of the Cedar River, WA (from King County, WA flooding services.
PROPOSED AOI LEMHI RIVER, ID Objective: Stream Channel Restoration; Conservation Easements Existing Data: NIR LiDAR, Channel cross sections, TLS Scans Challenges: Very low water, non reflective bottom. Ground level photo: The Nature Conservancy of Idaho
PROPOSED AOI Upper John Day River, OR Objective: Aquatic Habitat Monitoring Existing Data: NIR LiDAR, Channel cross sections, TLS Scans Challenges: Small channel widths, shallow depths 851.0 Camas Creek PXS2 Elevation (m) 850.0 849.0 848.0 848.24 LiDAR 848.26 Field Camas Creek, OR 847.0-25 -20-15 -10-5 0 5 10 15 20 Distance from Thalweg (m)
PROPOSED AOI COASTAL JETTY, OR/WA Objective: ACOE Interest in detailed sub surface data near Coastal Jetties. Dangerous areas to run a survey boat close to the rocks or have surveyors. Ground Truth: Photogrammetry/sonar/survey to available to evaluate accuracy. Challenges: Waves/surface conditions, turbidity, steep banks. ½ m DEM of jetty at Cape Disappointment, OR, generated from ultra high resolution LiDAR.
PROPOSED AOI BAKER BAY, OR/WA Objective: Off Channel Habitat, Very difficult to measure with other means. Existing Data: Lower Columbia NIR LiDAR (2009) Challenges: Depth, bottom reflectivity, submerged vegetation Baker Bay at Ilwaco looking NE Center for Lakes and Rivers, Portland State Univ.
PROPOSED AOI OREGON COAST Objective: Coastal erosion, tidal zone topography Existing Data: NIR LiDAR (2008) Challenges: wave zone LiDAR 1 meter bare earth model of the Oregon Coast just north of Pacific City.
PROPOSED AOI WA ESTUARIES Objective: Climate change research/aquatic habitat Existing Data: Low Tide NIR, Sonar Bathymetry Challenges: Depth variations, low reflectivity bottom 1 m bare earth DEM of the Nisqually River Delta, WA
Airborne Hydrographic LiDAR Workshop Goals Provide overview of the theory and state of technology for small footprint, airborne hydrographic LiDAR. Seek feedback from the user community on the range of potential applications and expectations in the PNW? Identify PNW test sites and partners to test shallow water AHL considering test goals and efficient use of resources. Discuss alternate sensor configurations required for different applications. (i.e. hyper spectral, thermal IR, etc.)
Thank You