Improving SE Asian Fisheries
Figure 1. Summary of resource rent (adjusted for subsidies) from current fisheries. Sumaila UR, Cheung W, Dyck A, Gueye K, et al. (2012) Benefits of Rebuilding Global Marine Fisheries Outweigh Costs. PLoS ONE 7(7): e40542. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040542 http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040542
Figure 2. Summary of resource rent (adjusted for subsidies) from rebuilt fisheries (rent in all maritime countries increase after rebuilding). Sumaila UR, Cheung W, Dyck A, Gueye K, et al. (2012) Benefits of Rebuilding Global Marine Fisheries Outweigh Costs. PLoS ONE 7(7): e40542. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040542 http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040542
Table 1. Key economic figures of global fisheries. Sumaila UR, Cheung W, Dyck A, Gueye K, et al. (2012) Benefits of Rebuilding Global Marine Fisheries Outweigh Costs. PLoS ONE 7(7): e40542. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040542 http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040542
Figure 7. Lost catch potential due to overfishing for the six FAO regions of the world (top) and worldwide (bottom). Sumaila UR, Cheung W, Dyck A, Gueye K, et al. (2012) Benefits of Rebuilding Global Marine Fisheries Outweigh Costs. PLoS ONE 7(7): e40542. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040542 http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040542
Figure 3. Transition time path of key rebuilding global fisheries variables. Sumaila UR, Cheung W, Dyck A, Gueye K, et al. (2012) Benefits of Rebuilding Global Marine Fisheries Outweigh Costs. PLoS ONE 7(7): e40542. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040542 http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040542
Asian fishery trends Document control number 2012 Sustainable Fisheries Partnership 7 sustainablefish.org
Thailand Fish Biomass
Low value species often juveniles Document control number 2012 Sustainable Fisheries Partnership 9 sustainablefish.org
Wide mix of species Document control number 2012 Sustainable Fisheries Partnership 10 sustainablefish.org
Vulnerable species caught Document control number 2012 Sustainable Fisheries Partnership 11 sustainablefish.org
Typical SE Asian Meal (Ben Tre, Vietnam) 2003 2008 2013 Anchovies (50%) Herring (40%) Cowhead Ray (50%) Herring (40%) Anchovies (30%) Herring (30%) Scad Scad Anchovies (10%) Yellow Trevally Yellow Trevally Scad Indian Mackerel Indian Mackerel Yellow Trevally Flounder Flounder Indian Mackerel Tongue sole Tongue Sole Flounder Cowhead Ray Cowhead Ray Tongue Sole (Fish mix left after other buyers have selected their requirements) Field trip information March 2013
Fishmeal species wanted Feed manufacturers are looking for fishmeal with 62 to 65% protein: - Scad ~ 65% - Anchovy/ herring ~ 64 to 65% - Cowhead ray ~ 50 to 60%
Drivers for change Demands for sustainable feeds by aquaculture certifications Sustainable sourcing policies by retailers Reputation risk for supply chain - media and NGO attention Intergovernmental agencies (e.g. FAO) actively working to improve quality of fisheries
Requirements for sourcing of fishmeal and fish oil (from whole fish and fishery by-products) BAP ASC 50% MSC or IFFO RS certified by 2015 for both fisheries and industrial by-products Use material from Fisheries Improvements Projects when available Clear, written plan for responsible sourcing Free of undesirable substances (food safety related) Traceability to species and country of origin No endangered species (IUCN red list) used for fishmeal/- oil Preference for feed manufacturers with evidence of responsible sourcing Avoidance of IUU 100% MSC (or ISEAL) certified by 2017 IFFO RS fishmeal up to 2017 (Pangasius only) individual <6.0 or a N/A in stock assessment category No CITES Report % FAO CCRF compliant (e.g. MSC or IFFO RS certified) for fisheries origin 3 rd party accredited certified origin for industrial by-products GLOBALG.A.P. NOTE: All ASC requirements included at farm level standards, most BAP and GLOBALG.A.P. requirements included as feed mill standards. (courtesy Dan Lee GAA)
What has happened so far? The Asia fishmeal roundtable providing a useful vehicle for engaging Asian stakeholders IFFO and SFP both active in promoting it REBYCII FAO project to reduce by-catch - the science behind the potential solutions. Regional political support via the Asia Pacific Fisheries Commission (APFIC) Supply chain engagement with aquaculture feed manufacturers and some retailers SFP research on sources of fishmeal and supply chains
REBYCII reduction of by-catch, stage 2 Dedicated to practical projects for reducing the catch of juveniles in SE Asian trawl fishing Funded by Global Environment Facility (GEF) Implemented by FAO, the South East Asia Fisheries Development Centre (SEAFDEC) and the governments of participating countries SFP is a partner. Corporations can be partners too Many project research areas will also be covered by SFP improvement projects
Next steps - four FIPs for SE Asia Kien Giang Province, Vietnam Ben Tre Province, Vietnam Central Gulf of Thailand, Thailand Rayong/ Trat Province, Thailand - tbc
Actions in 2013 Create FIPs with industry, local NGOs, research providers and government. Liaise with partners to identify products sourced from these fisheries and relevant supply chains FIP training workshops in Vietnam & Thailand Fishery assessments to be conducted using a modified MSC methodology Create FIP work plans
Projected timeline April 2013 first staff person hired in Vietnam May 2013 first FIP in Vietnam publicly announced mid-year second FIP in Vietnam announced Autumn first staff person hired in Thailand Autumn first FIP in Thailand announced
2014 - likely priorities for work plans improve the quality of monitoring and data reporting from the fisheries Identify potential gear changes that could reduce environmental impact Identify potential area closures that might mitigate environmental impacts
What can SFP stakeholders do? Ask aquaculture producers to identify the species and fisheries that provide fishmeal for aquaculture feeds. Provide the data to SFP for research and analysis Adopt sustainable aquaculture feed procurement policies Build awareness of the issue and encourage suppliers to join in FIPs in Thailand and Vietnam Support FIPs financially
Thank you! Huw Thomas Fisheries & Aquaculture Manager Wm Morrison Supermarkets plc