BROWN BELT (SAN, NI, I KYU) STUDY GUIDE

TECHNIQUES - Waza (wah-zah) BROWN BELT (SAN, NI, I KYU) STUDY GUIDE Empi (em-pee) - (or Hiji ) Elbow Gyakutsuki (gyah-koo-dzoo-kee) Reverse, or back-hand punch Gyakutsuki No Tsukomi (gyah-koo-dzoo-kee no dzoo-koh-mee) Lunging reverse, or back-hand punch Haeshu (hah-ee-shoo) Open, back of the hand strike Haito (h-eye-toh) Ridge hand Ippon Kenzuki (ee-poh-n ken-zoo-kee) One-finger knuckle strike Ippon Nukite (ee-poh-n noo-kee-teh) One-finger spear-hand Junzuki (joon-zoo-kee) Stepping front-hand punch Junzuki No Tsukomi (joon-zoo-kee no dzoo-koh-mee) Stepping front-hand lunging punch Kette Gyakutsuki (gyah-koo-dzoo-kee) Front Kick with Reverse, or back-hand punch Kette Junzuki (joon-zoo-kee) Front kick with stepping front-hand punch Kette Junzuki No Tsukomi (joon-zoo-kee no dzoo-koh-mee) Front kick with stepping front-hand lunging punch Nihon Nukite (nee-han noo-kee-teh) Two-finger spear-hand Seiken (sayee-keh-n) Fist Shote (shoh-tah) Heel of the hand Shuto (shoo-toh) Knife edge of the hand Tate (tah-teh) Vertical-fist (or vertical-hand) Tetsui (teh-dzoo-ee) Hammer fist Tobi Komi Nagashi Tsuki (toe-be co-me na-ga-she dsoo-kee)- Start with the body turned at approximately 45 degrees. The lead foot is pointed directly ahead, the trailing foot is at approximately 90 degrees from the lead foot. Knees are only slightly bent. Sweep away from the attack line with a slight angle. Push off from the back foot striking with the front hand. Pull back front foot slightly following the punch and then the back foot pulls up to the original stance. Tobi Komi Tsuki (toe-be com-me dsoo-kee) - Start with the body turned at approximately 45 degrees. The lead foot is pointed directly ahead, the trailing foot is at approximately 90 degrees from the lead foot. Knees are only slightly bent. Push off from the back foot striking with the front hand. Pull back front foot slightly following the punch and then the back foot pulls up to the original stance. Tsuki (dsoo-kee) Fist Strike, Punch Uchiken (oo-chee keh-n) - Upper cut Uraken (oor-ah-keh-n) Back-fist Yohan Nukite (yoh-hah-n noo-kee-teh) Spear-hand (four fingers) BLOCKS - Uke (oo-keh) Empi Uke (em-pee oo-keh) Elbow block Gedan Uke (geh-dah-n oo-keh) Low block Jodan Uke (joh-dah-n oo-keh) High block Juji Uke (joo-jee oo-keh) X Block, arms crossed at the wrists Kakae Uke (ka-kayee oo-keh) Circular, pulling block, emphasizing the shote, or heal of the hand Moroto Uke (moh-roh-toh oo-keh) Double forearm block arms crossed Soto Uke (soh-toh oo-keh) Inside-to-outside (soto) block, chudan level Shuto Uke (shoo-toh oo-keh) Knife-edge of the hand block Tae Uke (tah uke) Hands closed with one arm in hikite and opposite arm across chest Tetsui Uke teh-dzoo-ee oo-keh) Hammer-fist block Tsuki (dsoo-kee) Fist strike, punch Uchi Uke (oo-chee oo-keh) Outside-to-inside front forearm block Ude Uke (oo-deh oo-keh) Outside-to-inside back forearm block

STANCES - Dachi (dah-chee) Hachiji Dachi (hah-chee-jee dah-chee) Ready Stance Gyakutsuki Dachie (gyah-koo-dzoo-kee dah-chee) Reverse-punch stance Gyakutsuki No Tsukomi Dachi (gyah-koo-dzoo-kee no dzoo-koh-mee dah-chee) Lunging reverse punch stance Heikou Dachi (hayee-koh-oo dah-chee) Parallel (heikou) stance Heisoku Dachi (hayee-so-koo dah-chee) Narrow stance (heels and toes together) Kokutsu Dachi (koh-koots dah-chee) Rearward lunging stance (sometimes called Gyakutsuki No Tsukomi Dachi) Mahanmi Neko Ashi Dachi (mah-han-mee neh-koh ah-shee dah-chee) Profile (or half-view) cat-leg stance Musubi Dachi (moo-soo-bee dah-chee) Attention stance Naifanchi Dachi (n-eye-fah-n-chee dah-chee) Modified horse stance (feet turned inward) Neko Ashi Dachi (neh-koh ah-shee dah-chee) Cat (neko)-leg stance Neko Dachi (neh-koh dah-chee) Cat stance No Tsukomi Dachi (no dzoo-koh-mee dah-chee) Forward lunging stance Seishan Dachi (sayee-shah-n dah-chee) Hourglass stance (tate Seishan Dachi) Sheiko Dachi (shayee-koh dah-chee) Open Stance Shomen Neko Ashi Dachi (shoh-meh-n neh-koh ah-shee dah-chee) Front cat leg stance Zenkutsu Dachi (zeh-n-koots dah-chee) Forward fighting stance, knees bent KICKS - Geri (geh-ree) Fumikomi Geri (foo-mee-ko-mee geh-ree) Stomping kick (usually executed as Gedan Yoko Geri) Haku Geri (hah-koo geh-ree) Inward crescent kick (striking surface: usually the instep-to-pad of the foot) haku (hah-koo) to sweep, to brush, to gather up Hiza Geri (hee-zah) Knee strike Mae Geri (mah-eh geh-ree) Front (mae) snap kick Maewashi Geri (mah-eh-wah-shee geh-ree) Roundhouse kick Mae Haku Geri (mah-eh hah-koo geh-ree) Outward crescent kick (striking surface: Ashi Sokuto: knifeedge of foot) Mae Maewashi Geri (mah-eh mah-eh-wah-shee geh-ree) Front snap kick, followed by roundhouse kick Mae Tobi Geri (mah-eh toh-bee geh-ree) Flying front kick (usually executed with Kekome - thrust) Ushiro Geri (oo-shee-roh geh-ree) Back, or rearward kick (striking surface: Heel of the foot) Yoko Geri (yoh-koh geh-ree) Side (yoko) Kick (striking surface: Ashi Sokuto see mae haku geri) Yoko Tobi Geri (yoh-koh toh-bee geh-ree) Flying side kick COMMANDS Hajime (hah-jee-meh ) Begin, start Kiotsuke (kee-oh-t-soo-keh) Attention Kirittsu (kee-reets) Stand quickly Maewatte (mah-eh-wah-t-teh) Turn Matte (mah-t-teh) Stop Mokuso (moh-koo-soh) Meditation Nao Rei (nah-oh reh-ee) Recover to attention stance prepare to bow Otagai Ni Rei (oh-tah-g-eye nee rayee) Bow to your fellow classmates Rei (rayee) To bow Seiza (sayee-zah) Sit traditionally, in the Zazen, or kneeling position Seiretsu (sayee-reh-ts) Line up (traditionally, right to left, by rank) Sempai (seh-m-p-eye) Senior student Sempai Ni Rei (seh-m-p-eye nee rayee) Bow to the senior student or students Sensei Ni Rei (she-n-sayee nee rayee) Bow to your instructor (black belt) Shomen Ni Rei (shoh-meh-n nee rayee) Bow to the front (of the dojo) Tachi Rei (tah-chee rayee) Standing bow Yame (yah-meh) Recover, return

Yoi (yoh-ee) Open to Ready position (usually from musubi dachi to hachiji dachi) Yudansha Ni Rei (yoo-dah-n-shah nee rayee) Bow to a particular, or all, black belts under the ranks of Yudansha (black belt) ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY Ashi (ah-shee) Foot (also leg) Ashi Barai (ah-shee bah-r-eye) Foot sweep Ashi Sokuto (ah-shee soh-koo-toh) Outer edge (knife edge) of the foot Barai (bah-r-eye) Sweep, parry Bunkai (boon-k-eye) (Practical application) The practice of applying specific techniques to real situations Chudan (chu-dah-n) (middle) Mid-area of the body from the waist to the shoulders Dan (dah-n) Degree, level or grade. Commonly used as a suffix following the numbered rank of a black belt (example: Yon Dan) Dojo (doh-joh) (Way place) A hall or place in which one seeks spiritual enlightenment. Usually used in reference to traditional martial arts training halls or schools Gedan (geh-dah-n) Lower area of the body from the hips down Gi (gee) More formally termed, Do Gi the term given to the uniform worn by practitioners of traditional Japanese martial arts Hanshi (hah-n-shee) Master Instructor Hidari (hee-dah-ree) Left hand side Hikite (hee-kee-teh) Pulling hand Ippon (ee-poh-n) One long thing, one version Jodan (joh-dah-n) (High) Upper area of the body from the neck up Kaegi (kah-eh-gee) Term used to describe the snap of a hand or kicking technique, when recoiled Kamae (kah-mah-eh) Ready position of the hands Karate (kah-rah-teh) Empty hand Karateka (kah-rah-the-kah) Karate practitioner Kekome (keh-koh-meh) Term used to describe a thrust, or thrusting movement of a particular technique Ki (kee) From the Chinese, Chi The term used to describe the life force present and flowing in all living things. Energy. Kiai (kee-eye) (Harmonious energy) Focused, concentrated life force, given form in sound Kihon (kee-hah-n) Basic/elementary Kime (kee-mah) Focus; Mental, physical, or spiritual Kumite (koo-mee-teh) (Sometimes termed, gumite) Free fighting, or sparring Migi (mee-gee) Right hand side Mudansah (moo-dah-n-shah) Martial arts term used to define all students under the rank of yudansha (black belt) Obi (oh-bee) Sash or belt Ryu (ryoo) (Current, flow, style) Usually used in reference to particular schools or styles of classical martial arts Sensei (she-n-sayee) Instructor Taisabaki (t-eye-sah-bah-kee) One-ness of movement (usually implied in training with one or more partners) Wado (wah-doh) The way of peace and harmony. The formal name given to the style of karate fathered by Meijin Hironori Ohtsuka Yudansha (yoo-dah-n-shah) Black belt student Zanshin (zah-n-sheen) The state of pure and heightened mental, physical and spiritual awareness Zenkutsu (zeh-n-koots) Bend forward REQUIRED KATAS (kah-tah) Ippon Katas (ee-poh-n kah-tah) Numbers 1-12 (ichi ju ni) First Basic Kata - Kihon Kata Ichi (kee-hah-n kah-tah echee) Second Basic Kata - Kihon Kata Ni (kee-hah-n kah-tah knee) Pinan Nidan (pee-nah-n neh-dah-n) (pinan harmonious or flowing movement)

Pinan Shodan (pee-nah-n sho-dahn) Pinan Sandan (pee-nah-n sahn-dahn) Pinna Yondan (pee-nah-n yon-dahn) Pinan Godan (pee-nah-n go-dahn) Know for Ni-Kyu Kushanku Naifanchi Kiso Kumite Kata (kiso koo-mee-teh kah-tah) Omoto Kata - (oo-moo-too kah-tah) Heavenly Kata Kihon Kumite Katas (1 & 2) Ipponme & Nihonme Kihon Kumite Katas (3-5) Sanbonme, Yohonme, Gohonme know for San-Kyu HISTORIES Know the history of Master Ohtsuka Know the history of Shihan Cecil Patterson MISC. INFORMATION Mr. John Patterson is the son of Shihan Cecil Patterson and the current President of the USEWF. Know the SENIOR SYSTEM, weapons on body, Dojo Kun Senior System: When you have a question, ask someone at your rank. If they don t have the answer, then ask someone one rank above you. If they don t have the answer, then ask the rank above them. Continue to do this until you get the answer. Correct Way to Breathe: In through nose, out through mouth. 4/4 in, 3/4 out. Weapons on Body: 9-2 hands, 2 elbows, 2 feet, 2 Knees, head Dojo Kun first part Karate 3 important components of a technique: Speed, Power & Balance GLOSSARY These are all the words; see individual study guides for required words for your belt level VOWEL PRONUNCIATION A Pronounced: ah. Example: rajah E Pronounced: eh. Example: met I Pronounced: ee. Example: see O Pronounced: oh. Example: no U Pronounced: oo. Example: cool AI Pronounced: eye EI Pronounced: ayee TSU Pronounced: dzoo ITE Pronounced: eetay CHI Pronounced: chee ADDITIONAL PRONUNCIATION REMINDERS The letter G is always pronounced HARD as in the word GO The letter J is always pronounced SOFT as in the word JUMP When used as the LAST LETTER, and when following the letter S, the letter U IS NOT EMPHASIZED. For example; the word JUTSU is pronounced, JOOTS, leaving off the sound of the vowel U at the end.

WORD LIST AI (eye) Blending Harmony in movement AIKI (eye-kee) (United Spirit) The spiritual principle of overcoming an adversary (externally or internally) by harmonizing with his force and re-directing it. ASHI (ah-shee) Foot (also leg) ASHI BARAI (ah-shee bah-r-eye) Foot sweep ASHI KUBI (ah-shee koo-bee) - Ankle ASHI SABAKI (ah-shee sah-bah-kee) Leg evasion technique ASHI SOKUTO (ah-shee soh-koo-toh) Outer edge (Knife edge) of the foot OUTER EDGE ATEMI (ah-teh-mee) - Strike BARAI (bah-r-eye) Sweep, parry BUDO (boo-doh) (Martial way) originally referring to the Martial way; A warriors way of life devoted to selfdevelopment. Now more commonly used in reference to particular combative systems. BUGEI (boo-gayee) (Martial art) The classical methods of fighting as developed by Japanese warriors (samurai) for the sole purpose of real combat. BUJUTSU (boo-joots) (Same as Bugei) BUNKAI (boon-k-eye) (Practical application) The practice of applying specific techniques to the real situations. BUSHIDO (boo-shee-doh) - (The way of the Warrior) The martial ethic developed among warriors in Japan s medieval and feudal periods. Derived from the practical ethics held in common by the Samurai class, stressing the importance of loyalty, bravery, integrity, respect and honor. BUSHI KAI (boo-shee k-eye) Warrior s Society CHADO (chah-doh) (The way of tea) The art of the tea ceremony CHUDAN (chu-dah-n) (Middle) Mid-area of the body from the waist to the shoulders DACHI (dah-chee) Stance DAISHO (d-eye-shoh) The term given to the two swords customarily worn by Samurai DAN (dah-n) Degree, level or grade. Commonly used as a suffix following the numbered rank of a black belt (example: yon dan) DO (doh) (Way) From the Chinese, tao, meaning way or path. A term used to describe a path one uses to seek or achieve spiritual enlightenment. (example: Wa-do, Ai-ki-do, Jo-do) DOJO (doh-joh) (Way place) A hall or place in which one seeks spiritual enlightenment. Usually used in reference to traditional martial arts training halls or schools EMPI (em-pee) - (Of Hiji ) Elbow EMPI UKE (em-pee oo-keh) Elbow block FUMIKOMI GERI (foo-mee-ko-mee geh-ree) Stomping kick (usually executed as gedan yoko geri) GAMAN (gah-mah-n) Perseverance, endurance, or suffering GEDAN (geh-dah-n) Lower area of the body from the hips down GEDAN UKE (geh-dah-n oo-keh) Low block GI (gee) More formally termed, do gi the term given to the uniform worn by practitioners of traditional Japanese martial arts GYAKU (gyah-koo) Reverse, opposite GYAKUTSUKI (gyah-koo-dzoo-kee) Reverse, or back-hand punch GYAKUTSUKI DACHI (gyah-koo-dzoo-kee dah-chee) Reverse-punch stance

GYAKUTSUKI NO TSUKOMI (gyah-koo-dzoo-kee no dzoo-koh-mee) Lunging reverse, or back-hand punch GYAKUTSUKI NO TSUKOMI DACHI (gyah-koo-dzoo-kee no dzoo-koh-mee dah-chee) Lunging reverse punch stance HACHIJI DACHI (hah-chee-jee dah-chee) Ready stance HAESHU (hah-ee-shoo) Open, back of the hand strike HAITO (h-eye-toh) Ridge hand HAJIME (hah-jee-meh) Begin, start HAKAMA (hah-kah-mah) Pleated, skirt-like pants worn by practitioners of classical Japanese martial arts HAKU (hah-koo) To sweep; to brush; to gather up HAKU GERI (hah-koo geh-ree) Inward crescent kick (striking surface: usually the instep-to-pad of the foot) HANSHI (hah-n-shee) Master instructor HEIKOU (hayee-koh-oo) Parallel HEIKOU DACHI (hayee-koh-oo dah-chee) Parallel stance HEISOKU DACHI (hayee-so-koo dah-chee) Narrow stance (heels and toes together) HIDARI (hee-dah-ree) Left hand side HIIRU (hee-ee-roo) Heel HIKITE (hee-kee-teh) Pulling hand HIZA (hee-zah) Knee HIZA GERI (hee-zah geh-ree) Knee kick IPPON (ee-poh-n) One long thing; one version IPPON KENZUKI (ee-poh-n ken-zoo-kee) One-finger knuckle strike IPPON NUKITE (ee-poh-n noo-kee-teh) One-finger spear-hand JODAN (joh-dah-n) (High) Upper area of the body from the neck up JODAN UKE (joh-dah-n oo-keh) High block JOSOKUTEI (ah-shee joh-soh-koo-tayee) Ball of the foot JU (joo) Suppleness, flexibility (also, the number 10) JUJI UKE (joo-jee oo-keh) X Block, arms crossed at the wrists JUNZUKI (joon-zoo-kee) Stepping front-hand punch JUNZUKI NO TSUKOMI (joon-zoo-kee no dzoo-koh-mee) Stepping front-hand lunging punch KAKAE UKE (ka-kayee oo-keh) Circular, pulling block, emphasizing the shote, or heel of the hand KAEGI (kah-eh-gee) Term used to describe the snap of a hand or kicking technique, when recoiled KAMAE (kah-mah-eh) Ready position of the hands KAMIZA (kah-mee-zah) (Spirit seat) A holy place, or shelf on the front wall of traditional Japanese dojos, where a shrine often resides KARATE (kah-rah-teh) Empty hand KARATEKA (kah-rah-the-kah) Karate practitioner KATA (kah-tah) A formal, prearranged set of prescribed movements KATSU (kah-ts) Victory KEKOME (keh-koh-meh) Term used to describe a thrust, or thrusting movement of a particular technique KI (kee) From the Chinese chi - the term used to describe the life force present and flowing in all living things. Energy

KIAI (kee-eye) (Harmonious energy) Focused, concentrated life force, given form in sound KIHON (kee-hah-n) Basic; elementary; standard KIME (kee-mah) Focus; mental, physical, or spiritual KIOTSUKE (kee-oh-t-soo-keh) Attention KIRITTSU (kee-reets) Stand quickly KOAN (koh-ah-n) A zen riddle with no logical answer KOHAI (koh-h-eye) Junior, or lower ranking student KOKORO (koh-koh-roh) Spirit KOKUTSU DACHI (koh-koots dah-chee) Rearward lunging stance (sometimes called, gyakutsuki no tsukomi dachi) KOSHI (koh-shee) Hips KUMITE (koo-mee-teh) (Sometimes termed, gumite) Free fighting, or sparring KYOSHI (kyoh-shee) An advanced teacher MAE (mah-eh) Front; in front MAE GERI (mah-eh geh-ree) Front snap kick MAE HAKU GERI (mah-eh hah-koo geh-ree) Outward crescent kick (striking surface: ashi sokuto) MAE MAEWASHI GERI (mah-eh mah-eh-wah-shee geh-ree) Front snap kick, followed by roundhouse kick MAEWASHI GERI (mah-eh-wah-shee geh-ree) Roundhouse kick MAE TOBI GERI (mah-eh toh-bee geh-ree) Flying front kick (usually executed with kekome-thrust) MAEWATTE (mah-eh-wah-t-teh) Turn MAHANMI NEKO ASHI DACHI (mah-han-mee neh-koh ah-shee dah-chee) Profile (or half-view) cat-leg stance MATTE (mah-t-teh) Stop ME (meh) Eye, eyeball MEIJIN (mayee-jeen) A great master MENKYO (meh-n-ky-oh) License or certificate MIGI (mee-gee) Right hand side MIMI (mee-mee) Ear MOKUSO (moh-koo-soh) - MEDITATION MOROTO UKE (moh-roh-toh oo-keh) DOUBLE FOREARM BLOCK ARMS CROSSED MUDANSHA (moo-dah-n-shah) Martial arts term used to define all students under the rank of yudansha (black belt) MUSHIN (moo-sheen) (Mind-no-mind) the term used to describe the state of pure consciousness unburdened by thought MUSUBI DACHI (moo-soo-bee dah-chee) Attention stance NAGASHI ZUKI NAIFANCHI DACHI (n-eye-fah-n-chee dah-chee) Modified horse stance (feet turned inward) NAKA (nah-kah) Inside, middle, among NAO REI (nah-oh reh-ee) Recover to attention stance prepare to bow NEKO (neh-koh ) Cat NEKO ASHI DACHI (neh-koh ah-shee dah-chee) Cat-leg stance NEKO DACHI (neh-koh dah-chee) Cat stance

NIHON NUKITE (nee-han noo-kee-teh) Two-finger spear-hand NO TSUKOMI DACHI (no dzoo-koh-mee dah-chee) Forward lunging stance NODO (noh-doh) Throat OBI (oh-bee) Sash or belt OKEMASU (oh-keh-mah-soo) Stand OKUDEN (oh-koo-deh-n) Hidden teachings; sometimes referred to as, okuden waza ONAKA (oh-nah-kah) Stomach OTAGAI NI REI (oh-tah-g-eye nee rayee) Bow to your fellow classmates PINAN (pee-nah-n) Harmonious, or flowing movement REI (rayee) To Bow RENMEI (reh-n-mayee) League, union, alliance RYU (ryoo) (Current, flow, style) Usually used in reference to particular schools or styles of classical martial arts SABI (sah-bee) The term used to describe the feeling one has when finding beauty in a simple, solitary, and perhaps imperfect thing SAMURAI (sah-moo-r-eye) (One who serves) From the verb, saburau, meaning to serve. A member of the elite class of warriors in feudal japan s social order SAN (sah-n) A term used as an honorific suffix following someone s name, denoting respect SATORI (sah-toh-ree) - Enlightenment SEIKEN (sayee-keh-n) Fist SEIRETSU (sayee-reh-ts) Line up (traditionally, right to left, by rank) SEISHAN DACHI (sayee-shah-n dah-chee) Hourglass stance (Tate Seishan Dachi) SEIZA (sayee-zah) Sit traditionally, in the zazen, or kneeling position SEMPAI (seh-m-p-eye) Senior student SEMPAI NI REI (seh-m-p-eye nee rayee) Bow to the senior student or students SENSEI (she-n-sayee) Instructor SENSEI NI REI (seh-n-sayee nee rayee) Bow to the instructor SHEIKO DACHI (shayee-koh dah-chee) Open stance SHIHAN (shee-hah-n) Instructor; teacher; model SHINZO (sheen-zoh) Heart SHIZENTAI DACHI (shee-zent-eye dah-chee) Natural stance SHOMEN NEKO ASHI DACHI (shoh-meh-n neh-koh ah-shee dah-chee) Front cat leg stance SHOMEN NI REI (shoh-meh-n nee rayee) Bow to the front (of the dojo) SHOTE (shoh-tah) Heel of the hand SHUGYO (shoo-gyoh) Austere, rigorous training SHUTO (shoo-toh) Knife edge of the hand SHUTO UKE (shoo-toh oo-keh) Knife-edge of the hand block SOTO (soh-toh) Outside SOTO UKE (soh-toh oo-keh) Inside-to-outside block, chudan level TACHI REI (tah-chee rayee) Standing bow TAISABAKI (t-eye-sah-bah-kee) One-ness of movement (usually implied in training with one or more partners)

TATAMI (tah-tah-mee) Floor mats traditionally made of bundled straw TATE (tah-teh) Vertical-fist (or vertical-hand) TE (teh) Hand TETSUI (teh-dzoo-ee) Hammer fist TETSUI UKE (teh-dzoo-ee oo-keh) Hammer fist block TOBI KOMI NAGASHI TSUKI (toe-be co-me na-ga-she dsoo-kee)- Start with the body turned at approximately 45 degrees. The lead foot is pointed directly ahead, the trailing foot is at approximately 90 degrees from the lead foot. Knees are only slightly bent. Sweep away from the attack line with a slight angle. Push off from the back foot striking with the front hand. Pull back front foot slightly following the punch and then the back foot pulls up to the original stance. TOBI KOMI TSUKI (toe-be com-me dsoo-kee) - Start with the body turned at approximately 45 degrees. The lead foot is pointed directly ahead, the trailing foot is at approximately 90 degrees from the lead foot. Knees are only slightly bent. Push off from the back foot striking with the front hand. Pull back front foot slightly following the punch and then the back foot pulls up to the original stance. TSUKI (dsoo-kee) Fist strike, punch USHIRO GERI (oo-shee-roh geh-ree) Back, or rearward kick (striking surface: heel of the foot) UCHI (oo-chee) Inside UCHIKEN (oo-chee keh-n) - Upper cut UCHI UKE (oo-chee oo-keh) Outside-to-inside front forearm block UDE (oo-dee) Arm; forearm UDEKUBI (oo-dee-koo-bee) Wrist UDE UKE (oo-deh oo-keh) Outside-to-inside back forearm block UKE (oo-keh) Block, or defend(er) URAKEN (oor-ah-keh-n) Back-fist WA (wah) Harmony. The classical concept of non-resistance WABI (wah-bee) A sense of loss or loneliness WADO (wah-doh) The way of peace and harmony. The formal name given to the style of karate fathered by Meijin Hironori Ohtsuka WAZA (wah-zah) Technique YAME (yah-meh) Recover, return YOHAN NUKITE (yoh-hah-n noo-kee-teh) Spear-hand (four fingers) YOI (yoh-ee) Open to ready position (usually from musubi dachi to hachiji dachi) YOKO (yoh-koh) Beside; side; width YOKO GERI (yoh-koh geh-ree) Side kick (striking surface: ashi sokuto, or knife-edge of the foot) YOKO TOBI GERI (yoh-koh toh-bee geh-ree) Flying side kick YUDANSHA (yoo-dah-n-shah) Black belt student YUDANSHA NI REI (yoo-dah-n-shah nee rayee) Bow to a particular, or all, black belts ZANSHIN (zah-n-sheen) The state of pure and heightened mental, physical and spiritual awareness ZAZEN (zah-zeh-n) Zen meditation ZEN (zeh-n) One of the major branches of mahayana buddhism that arose in China and flourished following its introduction there in the 13th century ZENKUTSU (zeh-n-koots) Bend forward ZENKUTSU DACHI (zeh-n-koots dah-chee) Forward fighting stance (front leg is bent)