Physical Structure of Olympic Athletes Part II : Kinanthropometry of Olympic Athletes

Physical Structure of Olympic Athletes Part II : Kinanthropometry of Olympic Athletes

Medicine and Sport Science Vol. 18 Series Editors E. Jokl, Lexington, Ky. M. Hebbelinck, Brussels ]11 S. Karger Basel München Paris London NewYork Tokyo Sydney

Physical Structure of Olympic Athletes Part II Kinanthropometry of Olympic Athletes Volume Editor J. E. L. Carter, San Diego, Calif. 43 figures and 40 tables, 1984 ~ S. Karger Basel München Paris London NewYork Tokyo Sydney

Medicine and Sport Science Published on behalf of the Research Committee of the International Council of Sport Sciences and Physical Education National Library of Medicine, Cataloging in Publication Physical structure of Olympic athletes/ volume editor, J. Ε. L. Carter. Basel; New York: Karger, c1982-1984.2 v.: ill, (Medicine and sport; v. 16) Pt. 2 issued as Medicine and sport science, v. 18. Contents: pt. 1. The Montreal Olympic Games Anthropological Project ρt. 2. Kinanthropometry of Olympic athletes. 1. Anthropometry 2. Genetics, Medical 3. Sports Medicine I. Carter, J. E. Lindsay II. Montreal Olympic Games Anthropological Project III. Series lv. Series: Medicine and sport science; v. 18 W 1 1Ε649Ρ v. 16 etc. [QT 260 P579 19821 ISBN 3-8055-3502-3 (pt. 1) ISBN 3-8055-3871-5 (pt. 2) Drug Dosage The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is anew and/or infrequently employed drug. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information. storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Copyright 1984 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland) Printed in Switzerland by Werner Druck AG, Basel ISBN 3-8055-3871-5

Contents Acknowledgements VII 1. Introduction: The Kínanthropometric Approach Carter, J. E. L. (San Diego, Calif.) 1 2. Review of Studies on Olympic Athletes Borms, J.; Hebbelinck, M. (Brussels) 7 3. Genetics and Olympic Athletes: A Discussion of Methods and Issues Bouchard, C. (Sainte-Foy, P.Q.); Mauna, R.M. (Austin, Tex.) 28 4. Social and Demographic Influences on the Physique of the Olympic Athlete Mechikoff, R. A.; Francis, L. (San Diego, Calif.) 39 5. Age and Body Size of Olympic Athletes Carter, J.Ε. L. (San Diego, Calif.) 53 6. Somatotypes of Olympic Athletes from 1948 to 1976 Carter, J. E. L. (San Diego, Calif.) 80 7. Proportionality of Olympic Athletes Ross, W. D.; Ward, R. (Burnaby, B.0 ) 110 8. Skinfolds and Body Composition of Olympic Athletes Carter, J.E.L. (San Diego, Calif.); Yuhasz, M.S. (London, Ont.) 144 9. Growth Status of Olympic Athletes Less than 18 Years of Age Young Athletes at the Mexico City, Munich, and Montreal Olympic Games Malin, R. M.; Little, B.B. (Austin, Tex.); Bouchard, C. (Sainte-Foy, P. Q.); Carter, J.E.L. (San Diego, Calif.); Hughes, P. C R. (Cardiff); Kunze, D. (Munchen); Ahmed, L. (London) 183 10. Comparative Factor Analyses of Anthropometric Variables for Athletes at the Mexico City and Montreal Olympic Games King, H. A.; Carter, J. E. L. (San Diego, Calif.) 202 11. Analysis of Olympic and World Records in Track and Field and Swimming: Past, Present, and Future King, H.A.; Black, D.G. (San Diego, Calif.) 212 12. Summary and Future Directions Carter, J. E. L. (San Diego, Calif.) 231 Subject Index 242

Acknowledgements Α book such as this, wherein many authors make contributions to a central theme, has proved to be time-consuming, difficult and rewarding. Success of such a venture is determined by the cooperation and expertise of the contributors, to whom the editor extends his sincere thanks. Some data from previous Olympic studies were made available to the authors of several chapters for further analysis. Special thanks are due to Dr. Alfonso L. de Garay, Mexico City, Dr. Georges Larivière, Montreal, and Dr. James M. Tanner, London, for their cooperation in this regard. In addition, appreciation is extended to colleagues and assistants who ably and diligently assisted in collection of the data at the various Olympics. The editor is most grateful to his colleagues Dr. Harry A. King and Dr. Ralph M. Graveunder for advice on some chapters, as well as to Dr. B. Robert Carlson, Chairman of the Department of Physical Education, and to the San Diego State University Foundation for their support. The counsel provided by Dr. William D. Ross, Burnaby, and Dr. Marcel Hebbelinck, Brussels, during the preparation of both volumes of Physical Structure of Olympic Athletes was most welcome. The editor expresses his gratitude to Deborah Crozier and Dava Reeder for their assistance in preparation of the manuscripts, and to Mario Tamayo for his artwork.