DOVE Taekwondo Taegeuk Manual
Table of Contents Taegeuk... Page 2 Basic Pattern... Page 7 Taegeuk Il Jang 1... Page 8 Taegeuk Yi Jang 2... Page 10 Taegeuk Sam Jang 3... Page 12 Taegeuk Sa Jang 4... Page 15 Taegeuk Oh Jang 5... Page 18 Taegeuk Yook Jang 6... Page 21 Taegeuk Chil Jang 7... Page 24 Taegeuk Pal Jang 8... Page 25 1
Meaning of the symbol DOVE Taekwondo Taegeuk Taegeuk is a symbol representing the principles of the cosmos creation and the norms of human life. The circumference of the Taegeuk mark symbolizes infinity and the two parts, red and blue, inside the circle symbolize yin (negative) and yang (positive). Therefore, Taegeuk is the light which is the unified core of the cosmos and human life and its boundlessness signifies energy and the source of life. The yin and yang represents the development of the cosmos and human life and the oneness of symmetrical halves, such as negative and positive, hardness and softness, and materials and anti-materials. The eight bar-signs (called kwae) outside the circle are so arranged to go along with the Taegeuk in an orderly system. One bar means the yang and two bars the yin, both representing the creation of harmonization with the basic principles of all cosmos phenomena. The Taegeuk, infinity and yin-yang are the three elements constituting the philosophical trinity as mentioned in the Samil Sinko, the Scripture of Korean race. 2
The Origin of Taegeuk Denomination According to the old book of history, Sinsi Bonki, around(b.c.35), a son of the 5th emperor of the Hwan-ung Dynasty in on ancient nation of the Tongyi race whose name was Pokhui, was said to have received the Heaven's ordinance to have an insight in the universal truths, thereby observing rituals for the Heaven and finally receiving the eight kwaes (bar signs). After all, this has been passed down through a long, long history by King Mun, Chou tsu, Confucius and Scholar Kim Il bu, all descendants of the Tongyi race. Scholar Kim finally completed the present Taegeuk mark. Poomsae The Taegeuk poomsae was established on the basis of profound philosophy of Taegeuk to be trained by the Taekwondo beginners. Its poomsae line and seogi are based on the invariable basic though of Taekwondo. The monism of Taegeuk is the frame of this poomsae, each Kwae being reflected in a pattern of Taegeuk poomsae, which elucidates the Taekwondo spirit and the profoundness of Taekwondo techniques. The Origin of Poomsae The Taekwondo poomsaes are so designed to cope collectively with the outside threats in that society has already developed into an organized group, weakening the necessity of solitary individual defense measures. For the constituents of community, the practice and transmission of techniques should be convenient and less complicated. In that sense, the poomsae has been gradually systematized through practical experiences together with the help of philosophical and medical sciences. It is believed that in ancient times the poomsae was practiced among the ruling class and the first poomsae pattern appearing in the documents or monuments was around the first century, when Koguryo reined the Han (Korean) race. Definition of Poomsae Each poom of the poomsae has been inherited through a long history of about 5,000 years, finally as a product of scientific technique formulated on the basis of the traditional national spirit and practical experiments. From the technical viewpoint, the poomsae itself is Taekwondo, and the basic movements are no more than the preliminary actions to reach the poomsae. The Kyorugi is a practical application of the poomsae and the Taekwondo spirit is manifested not in an abstract mental philosophy expressed in the documents but in the actions of poomsae. Then, what is the Taekwondo poomsae? The poomsae is the style of conduct which expresses directly or indirectly mental and physical refinements as well as the principles of offense and defense resulting from cultivation of Taekwondo spirit and techniques. Significance of Poomsae The poomsae is a series of movements for offense and defense techniques which can be practiced and trained, even without presence of an instructor, in accordance with the fixed patterns. Therefore, the poomsae has the merits, by its practice, to make the trainee enhance the Kyorugi techniques and applied techniques including special techniques which can hardly be practiced by the training of each separate basic movement alone. 3
The poomsae can be trained along the imaginary or drawn poomsae line, which marks the position of foot and the line direction to move along. Considerations for Training Poomsae The poomsae is a series of alternate attack and defense actions: therefore, there are frequent changes of actions and connections of techniques. One must pay attention to the movement of body, eyes, respiration, etc. The steps of paying attention are as follow: 1) A complete understanding of the significance of poomsae and the principles of its composition. 2) A perfect memorization of the poomsae line, movements and direction. 3) During the practice, the following must be taken into consideration : a) The eyes b) Movement of the center of balance c) Low or high speed d) Strong or weak force e) Respiration Training of Poomsae A completion of poomsae can be achieved through hard training following the 4 steps: 1. Pattern - The first step of training poomsae is to learn the pattern. Concentration of spirit, eyes, and angles of movements must be emphasized in addition to the accuracy of actions. 2. Significance - In the next step, the emphasis must be laid on the balance, strength and weakness, low or high speed, respiration and poomsae line. The significance of movements, connection of pooms and the complete poomsae must be learned correctly. 3. Practical Use - One must adapt what he has learned to his practical use, finding out the practicability. 4. Self Style - One must evaluate his findings about the effectiveness of what he has learned, comparing with his bodily structure, speed, strength, muscle strength, impulsive power, points of emphasis in training, etc., and moderate the techniques into his own style. Categories of Poomsae The poomsae are categorized by the technique, composition and points of stress, which are classified each into 3 minor breakdowns. 1. Technique - The technique means the technical patterns of the entire poomsae. The essence of Taekwondo is the martial art; therefore, the categorization of practicable patterns of techniques is important. a) Poomsae containing various techniques - This contains more techniques of chagi and makki than are needed for practical use. Practicable techniques must be selected among them in the course of training. b) Poomsae containing practicable techniques - This includes practically used techniques only, which are classified into a series of chigi techniques, a series of makki techniques and a balanced combination of chigi and makki techniques. 4
c) Poomsae containing simple techniques - This is classified into the basic course and the advanced course, in the advanced course, the training of cultivating the inner strength of body by means of controlling the respiration is included. The variations of techniques should be mastered through hard training. 2. Composition - The composition of poomsae movements is differentiated according to the proportion of poom and technique, hand techniques and foot techniques, and seogi and its moving directions. Except for certain special cases, the poomsae movements are equally distributed among all parts of the body symmetrically between fore and back and between left and right. Therefore, the proportion of foot techniques and hand techniques is the criteria to decide the composition of poomsae movements. a) Poomsae with the priority on hand techniques b) Poomsae with the priority on foot techniques c) Poomsae in which hand techniques and foot techniques are evenly distributed. 3. Points of Stress - The poomsae is also classified by the extent of emphasis in favor of either strength or softness and of either a slow movement or a fast movement. Strong but slow movements and speedy but soft movements are included in the similar categories. a) Strong but slow poomsae b) Weak but speedy poomsae c) Poomsae well balanced in strength and weakness as well as in slowness and speediness. However, the above methods of categorization are not absolute for the advanced course of training. Classification of Poomsae Taegeuk poomsaes from 1(il) jang to 8(pal) jang are classified as Kup grader's poomsaes and the poomsaes from Koryo up to Ilyo as Dan-grader's, i.e., black-belter's poomsaes. The poomsaes consists of basic movements and poom and they are so arranged to fit the frame of movement direction, which is called the poomsae line. The poomsae lines are described after symbols or Chinese characters. Types of Poomsae Lines 1) Taegeuk poomsae - This consists of 8 patterns symbolizing the 8 divination signs(bars) in the Oriental science of divination, and it is generally expressed by a Chinese character, meaning a king. 2) Koryo poomsae - the shape of a Chinese character, meaning a learned man. 3) Keumgang poomsae - a Chinese character, meaning a mountain (Mt. Diamond) 4) Taebaek poomsae - a Chinese character, meaning an artisan. 5) Pyongwon poomsae - a Chinese character, meaning one. 6) Sipjin poomsae - a Chinese character, meaning ten. 7) Jitae poomsae - the shape of a Korean vowel, sounding "oh" 8) Chonkwon poomsae - the shape of a Korean vowel, sounding "wu" 9) Hansu poomsae - a Chinese character, meaning water. 10) Ilyo poomsae - the shape of a reversed swastika sign. 5
Symbols Expressing the Direction of Poomsae Lines For the diagrammatical description of each poomsae line, some phonetic symbols of the Korean alphabet are used to mark the position of the trainee who exercises a poomsae practice. Na : always the starting point of each poomsae. Ga : the forward direction of preceding. Da : the left side from the starting point. Ra : the right side from the starting point. Ma : the backward direction from the starting point. Taegeuk Poomsaes Poomsae Taegeuk/Palgwe Il Jang - Heaven (South, Father) The first Taeguk/Palgwe is the beginning of all Poomses. The associated trigram represents Yang (heaven, light), therefore, this Poomse should be performed with the greatness of Heaven. Poomsae Taegeuk/Palgwe Yi Jang - Lake (South East, Youngest daughter) In the depths of the lake are treasures and mysteries. The movements of this Taeguk/Palgwe should be performed knowing that man has limitations, but that we can overcome these limitations. This should lead to a feeling of joy, knowing that we can control our future. Poomsae Taegeuk/Palgwe Sam Jang - Fire (East, Second daughter) Fire contains a lot of energy. Fire helped man to survive, but on the other hand had some catastrophic results. This form should be performed rhythmically, with some outbursts of energy. Poomsae Taegeuk/Palgwe Sa Jang - Thunder (North East, Eldest son) Thunder comes from the sky and is absorbed by the earth. Thunder is one of the most powerful natural forces, circling, gyrating. This Taeguk/Palgwe should be performed with this in mind. Poomsae Taegeuk/Palgwe Oh Jang - Wind (South West, Eldest daughter) Wind is a gently force, but can sometimes be furious, destroying everything in it's path. Poomse Taeguk/Palgwe Oh Jang should be performed like the wind: gently, but knowing the ability of mass destruction with a single movement. Poomsae Taegeuk/Palgwe Yook Jang - Water (West, Second son) Water can move a mountain. The movements of this Poomse should be performed like water. Sometimes standing still like water in a lake, sometimes thriving as a river. Poomsae Taegeuk/Palgwe Chil Jang - Mountain (North West, Youngest son) Mountains will always look majestic, no matter the size. This Poomse should be performed with the feeling that all movements are this majestic and deserved to be praised. Poomsae Taegeuk/Palgwe Pal Jang - Earth (North, Mother) The associated trigram of this Poomse is Yin: the end of the beginning, the evil part of all that is good. Even in this darkness, there is still some light. Performing this Taeguk/Palgwe, one should be aware that this is the last Taeguk/Palgwe to be learned, it also is the end of a circle, and therefore it is also the first, the second etc... 6
Basic Pattern - Step by Step Instructions Count Face Turn Rotation Stance Left Hand Right Hand Left Foot Right Foot Notes Pattern Notes Start ^ Ready Joonbi, face North ^ 1 < 90 block Pulled foot in place 2 < Pulled punch 3 > 180 Pulled Low forearm block left foot 3&4 mirror 1&2 4 > punch Pulled 5 ^ 90 block Pulled foot in place 6 ^ Pulled punch 7 ^ punch Pulled 8 ^ Pulled punch Shout 9 > 270 block Pulled right foot 10 > Pulled punch 11 < 180 Pulled Low forearm block Keep left foot in place 12 < punch Pulled 13 v 90 block Pulled foot in place 14 v Pulled punch 15 v punch Pulled 16 v Pulled punch Keep left foot 17 > 270 block Pulled in place 18 > Pulled punch Low forearm right 19 < 180 Pulled block foot 20 < punch Pulled 13-16 mirror 5-8 7
Taegeuk 1 - Step by Step Instructions Count Face Turn Rotation Stance Left Hand Right Hand Left Foot Start ^ 1 < 90 Walking Right Foot Notes Pattern Notes Joonbi, face North ^ block Pulled foot in place 2 < Walking Pulled punch left 3 > 180 Walking Pulled block foot 3&4 mirror 1&2 4 > Walking punch Pulled 5 ^ 90 block Pulled foot in place ^ Pulled reverse punch No change of stance 6 > 90 Walking inside forearm block Pulled Keep left foot in place 7 > Walking Pulled reverse punch 8 < 180 Walking Pulled inside forearm block right foot 8&9 mirror 6&7 9 < Walking reverse punch Pulled 10 ^ 90 Pulled block Keep left foot in place 10 mirrors 5 ^ reverse punch Pulled No change of stance 11 < 90 Walking Rising upper block Pulled foot in place 12 < Walking Front 13 < Walking Pulled punch 14 > 180 Walking Pulled Rising upper block 15 > Walking Front 16 > Walking punch Pulled 17 v 90 block Pulled left foot right foot 18 v Pulled punch Shout 14-16 mirror 11-13 8
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Taegeuk 2 - Step by Step Instructions Count Face Turn Rotation Stance Left Hand Right Hand Left Foot Right Foot Notes Joonbi, face Start ^ North ^ 1 < 90 Walking block Pulled Foot in place 2 < Pulled punch 3 > 180 Walking Pulled block left foot 4 > punch Pulled 5 ^ 90 Walking Pulled inside forearm block Foot in place 6 ^ Walking inside forearm block Pulled 7 < 90 Walking block Pulled Foot in place 8 < Front < Pulled High straight punch 9 > 180 Walking Pulled block left foot Front 10 > High straight > punch Pulled Rising upper 11 ^ 90 Walking block Pulled Foot in place Rising upper 12 ^ Walking Pulled block inside 13 > 270 Walking Pulled forearm block Foot in place inside Keep left 14 < 180 Walking forearm block Pulled Foot in place 15 v 90 Walking block Pulled Foot in place Front 16 v Walking v Walking Pulled punch Front 17 v Walking v Walking punch Pulled Front 18 v Walking v Walking Pulled punch & Shout Pattern Notes 3&4 mirror 1&2 9&10 mirror 7&8 10
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Taegeuk 3 - Step by Step Instructions Count Face Turn Rotation Stance Left Hand Right Hand Left Foot Right Foot Notes Start ^ 1 < 90 2 < Walking block Pulled Front Joonbi face North ^ Foot in place Pattern Notes < Pulled punch Double punch 3 > 180 Walking Pulled punch Pulled block Front left foot 3&4 mirror 1&2 4 > punch Pulled Double punch 5 ^ 90 Walking Pulled 6 ^ Walking 7 < 90 Pulled punch High knife hand strike Foot in place High knife hand strike Pulled knife hand block Pulled 8 < Pulled punch 9 > 180 Pulled knife hand block 10 > punch Pulled 11 ^ 90 Walking Pulled 12 ^ Walking 13 > 270 14 > Walking inside forearm block Keep left Foot in place Slide left Foot to stance left foot Slide right Foot to stance Foot in place inside forearm block Pulled block Pulled Front Foot in place 9&10 mirror 7&8 > Pulled punch Double punch > punch Pulled 15 < 180 Walking Pulled 16 < block Front Keep left Foot in place 15&16 mirror 13&14 < punch Pulled Double punch < Pulled punch 12
17 v 90 Walking block Pulled Foot in place v Walking Pulled punch 18 v Walking Pulled block 18 mirrors 17 19 v v Walking punch Pulled v Walking Front block Pulled 20 v v Walking Pulled punch v Walking Pulled Front block 20 mirrors 19 v Walking punch Pulled Shout 13
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Taegeuk 4 - Step by Step Instructions Count Face Turn Rotation Stance Left Hand Right Hand Left Foot Right Foot Notes Start ^ 1 < 90 2 < 3 > 180 4 > 5 ^ 90 6 ^ knife hand block Horizontal Knife hand block Pulled (palm up) Vertical spearhand strike Rising knife hand block Pulled (palm up) Joonbi face North ^ foot in place Vertical Spearhand strike knife hand block Horizontal Knife hand block High knife hand chop Front left foot foot in place Pattern Notes 3&4 mirror 1&2 7 ^ ^ punch Pulled ^ 8 ^ ^ 9 > 270 10 > knife hand block Pulled (palm up) > Pulled 11 < 180 Pulled 12 < < 13 v 90 14 v side kick Pulled (palm up) side kick knife hand block outward block Pulled Front inward block outward block Front inward block Pulled Horizontal Knife hand block v Pulled 15 > 90 Walking Rising knife hand block Front Downward fist strike inward forearm block Pulled 16 > Pulled punch Turn on right foot flow through this stance 7&8 done quickly right foot left foot foot in place foot in place 11&12 mirror 9&10 Same as step 5 15
17 < 180 Walking Pulled DOVE Taekwondo 18 > punch Pulled 19 v 90 inward forearm block inward forearm block Pulled v Pulled punch Keep left foot in place foot in place 16 mirrors 15 v punch Pulled 20 v Pulled inward forearm block 18 mirrors 17 v punch Pulled v Pulled punch Shout 16
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Taegeuk 5 - Step by Step Instructions Count Face Turn Rotation Stance Left Hand Right Hand Left Foot Right Foot Notes Start v Ready Joonbi face North v 1 < 90 block 2 v 90 Open Hammer fist strike 3 > 90 Pulled block 4 v 90 Open Pulled Hammer fist strike 5.1 v inward forearm block 5.2 Pulled inward forearm block Pulled foot in place Pulled Parallel Parallel left foot Parallel Parallel Pulled foot in place 6.1 v High front kick 6.2 Pulled Downward backfist strike 6.3 inward forearm block Pulled 7.1 v High front kick 7.2 Downward backfist strike 7.3 Pulled inward forearm block 8 v Pulled Downward backfist strike 9 < 270 knife hand block 10 Horizontal Elbow strike Pulled & Stomp Pulled right foot cupping right fist 11 > 180 Pulled knife hand block 12 cupping right fist 13.1 ^ 90 block Horizontal Elbow strike 13.2 Pulled inward forearm block left foot Pulled right foot 14.1 ^ High front kick 14.2 Pulled block 14.3 inside forearm block 15 < 90 Rising Upper block Pulled Pulled right foot Pattern Notes 3&4 mirror 1&2 7 mirrors 6 11&12 mirror 9&10 18
16.1 side kick 16.2 elbow strike (palm takes elbow strike) 17 > 180 Pulled Rising Upper block 18.1 side kick 18.2 (palm takes elbow strike) 19.1 ^ 90 block elbow strike 19.2 Pulled inward forearm block left foot Pulled right foot 20.1 ^ front kick 20.2 Cross Pulled Downward backfist strike Jump to cross stance 17-18 mirror 15-16 (kick - jump) On toes Ki-up 19
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Taegeuk 6 - Step by Step Instructions Count Face Turn Rotation Stance Left Hand Right Hand Left Foot Right Foot Notes Pattern Notes Start v Ready 1 < 90 2.1 2.2 3 > 180 Pulled 4.1 4.2 Pulled 5 v 90 6 v 7.1 > 90 Pulled block Pulled High front kick Outward forearm block Pulled block High front kick Outward forearm block Twist Knife hand block Round house kick High outer block Pulled 7.2 Pulled 6.3 7.1 v 7.2 7.3 Pulled 8 v Pulled 9 < 270 10 inward forearm block Pulled High front kick Downward backfist strike Pulled inward forearm block Downward backfist strike knife hand block Pulled Horizontal Elbow strike 11 > 180 Pulled 12 13.1 ^ 90 Cupping right fist 13.2 Pulled 14.1 ^ Cupping left fist knife hand block Horizontal Elbow strike block Pulled inward forearm block High front kick Joonbi face North v foot in place left foot foot in place & Stomp right foot left foot right foot 3&4 mirror 1&2 Step back to open stance after kick facing > 7 mirrors 6 11&12 mirror 9&10 21
14.2 Pulled 14.3 15 < 90 16.1 DOVE Taekwondo 16.2 block inside forearm block Pulled Rising Upper block Pulled elbow strike 17 > 180 Pulled 18.1 18.2 19.1 ^ 90 (palm takes elbow strike) 19.2 Pulled 20.1 ^ 20.2 Cross Pulled side kick (palm takes elbow strike) Rising Upper block side kick elbow strike block Pulled inward forearm block front kick right foot left foot right foot Jump to cross stance 17-18 mirror 15-16 (kick - jump) Downward backfist strike On toes Ki-up 22
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