Practical Issues
Part 1. The Doping Control Station
General Overview Solely to be used as Doping Control Station during competition Clearly identified Sufficiently spacious (have potential number of athletes plus chaperones plus accompanying persons in mind) Shall consist of an adequate waiting room and at least two administrative working rooms and adjacent WCs (both men and women) for urine tests
General Overview Fully equipped with all necessary IAAF-approved materials for doping control Security officer be positioned outside the DCS in order to monitor the flow of personnel in and out of the DCS and to prevent any unauthorized access Responsibility of the Competition organiser to ensure the facilities are clean and adequate and that all materials are acceptable prior to the start of the competition
Layout of Doping Control Station
Securing the Doping Control Station Provide special access passes for authorized access (athletes and their accompanying persons) Clearly indicate that unauthorized access is forbidden Provide security guard at entrance
The Waiting Room Enough space for expected athletes Beverages (cold, room temperature, hot) TV or internet, if possible No phones or cameras allowed
The Processing Rooms Number should be proportional (preferably minimum of two rooms Close to the toilets
The Processing Rooms Equipped with table, 4 chairs, waste basket, Bed (Blood station) Refrigerator, storage of material and samples Must ensure privacy of athletes
The Toilets Spacious Must give room for DCO to check sample giving Ideally equipped with mirror behind toilet One for female and one for male
What if........ the conditions are not perfect? Old stadium Inadequate or insufficient rooms Open Air event (marathons, cross country) Inspection is necessary to assure that minimum requirements are met: Controlled access Conditions for comfort and privacy of the athlete Integrity and security of the sample
Part 1. The Doping Control Station
Part 2. Selection of athletes
Selection of Athletes Final position basis and/or random basis Other method including Target Testing Broken or equalled an Area and/or World Record National record if required EPO test in race walking or running event (from 400 m upwards). Blood Sample shall be taken if it is practicable to do so Selection decisions disclosed only to those who need to know and as late as possible
Selection of Athletes Selection may take into account some or all of the following factors: Abnormal bilogical parameters Injury Behavior indicating doping Athlete reinstatement after a period of ineligibility Reliable information from a third party Major improvements in performance Athlete association with a third party such as coach or doctor with a history of involvement in doping Athlete test history
Selection of Athletes In order to ensure that a greater percentage of at risk athletes is selected It is recommended that athletes be chosen from different events including qualification rounds Even distribution among gender It is recommended that the winner shall be tested if the number of tests is enough DCD make the distribution among events before the competition DCD choose a trustworthy person to witness the place selection on site
Selection of Athletes An equal distribution among countrys could also be into consideration If blood testing is to be done DCD must have contact with European Athletics/IAAF prior to the competition to recieve a proposal due to IAAF profile data bank European Athletics/IAAF documented method shall be used for random selection Selection process must NOT be revealed to media
Part 2. Selection of athletes
Part 3. Notification Process
Notification of Athletes No Advance Notice Unrestricted access to all areas Avoid in field or track if possible Preferably a.s.a.p after Mixed Zone Athlete normally the first one notified Accreditation card with photo is acceptable Under observation at all times
Notification of Athletes Athletes rights and obligations Doping Control Chaperone script Sign an appropriate form Doping passes if available If athlete refuse to sign chaperone must report to DCO/DCD No photos or autographs No mobile phone during notification process
Notification of Athletes Document the reasons for any delay to DCS and/or leaving DCS after reporting for testing If the DCO gives approval for leaving DCS he shall agree either the time of his return or his return upon completion of an agreed activity
Part 3. Notification Process
Part 4. Partial sample conduct
Partial Sample Conduct The Rules IST: International Standard for Testing and IAAF anti-doping regulations edition 2011 Where the volume of urine is insufficient: < 90 ml (it is a minimum requirement, more is better especially for EPO analysis), the DCO shall conduct a partial Sample collection procedure.
Partial Sample Conduct Scope The procedure begins with informing the Athlete that the Sample is not of Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis and ends with the provision of a Sample of sufficient volume. (irrespective of the time necessary for this) Responsibility The DCO has the responsibility for declaring the Sample volume insufficient and for collecting the additional Sample/s to obtain a combined Sample of sufficient volume.
Partial Sample Conduct Requirements If the Sample collected is of insufficient volume, the DCO shall inform the Athlete that a further Sample shall be collected to meet the Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis requirements. The DCO shall instruct the Athlete to select partial Sample Collection Equipment
Partial Sample Conduct Requirements The DCO shall then instruct the Athlete to open the relevant equipment, pour the insufficient Sample into the container and seal it as directed by the DCO. The DCO shall check, in full view of the Athlete, that the container has been properly sealed They Check that the equipment code number and the volume and identity of the insufficient Sample are recorded accurately by the DCO. The DCO shall retain control of the sealed partial Sample
Partial Sample Conduct While waiting to provide an additional Sample, the Athlete shall remain under continuous observation and be given the opportunity to hydrate. Collection of urine Samples until a sufficient volume of urine will be provided by combining the initial and additional Sample/s. The athlete break the seal(s) of the partial sample containers
Partial Sample Conduct Urine should only be discarded when both the A (2/3) and B (1/3) bottles have been filled to a minimum of 90 ml The Suitable Volume of Urine for Analysis shall be viewed as an absolute minimum
Part 4. Partial sample conduct
Part 5. Specific Gravity
Specific Gravity (SG) Urine (at a given temperature and pressure, e.g. 20 C, 1.013 bar, no unit) Density r = mass/volume (g/cm 3 ) The SG is a relative density to clean water at the same temperature. Example r (Urine sample, 20 C) = 1.020 g/ml SG (Urine sample) = 1.020/0.9982 = 1.0218 Obs: Instrument calibration at the same temperature as the measurement.
Measuring specific Gravity (SG) Refractometer Indirect measurement of SG The refractive index of urine is a measure for how much the speed of light is reduced inside the medium. Dipstick (unreliable)
Diluted urine samples 100 ml of a urine sample with a Specific gravity (SG) of 1.020 are diluted with Resulting SG Dilution 100 ml 1.010 2 fold 300 ml 1.005 4 fold 900 ml 1.002 10 fold 1900 ml of water 1.001 20 fold While urine dilution not necessarily constitute a problem for steroid analysis due to increased signal/noise ratio, a 10- or 20-fold dilution will most probably result in EPO levels below the detection limit.
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis Low Gravity Scope The procedure begins with the DCO informing the Athlete that a further Sample is required and ends with the collection of a Sample that meets the requirements for Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis, or appropriate follow-up action by the ADO if required. Responsibility The ADO is responsible for establishing procedures to ensure that a suitable Sample is collected. If the original Sample collected does not meet the requirement for Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis, the DCO is responsible for collecting additional Samples until a suitable Sample is obtained.
Suitable Specific Gravity The DCO shall check the residual urine to ensure that it meets the requirement for Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis Threshold of density must be: <1.005 if refractometer is used <1.010 if refractometer is not used
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis Low Gravity Requirements While waiting to provide additional Samples, the Athlete shall remain under continuous observation
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis Low Gravity Requirements The Athlete shall be encouraged not to hydrate, since this may delay the production of a suitable Sample. In a delay of at least one hour. Empty the bladder just after the discovering of the low specific gravity.
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis Low Gravity There are exceptional circumstances which mean that for logistical reasons it is impossible to continue with the Sample Collection Session. Such exceptional circumstances shall documented accordingly by the DCO.
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis Low Gravity IAAF Comments Good practice Empty the bladder and don t drink during one hour, take a new sample, After many attempts, if the gravity stay low stop the procedure, make a report and send all the samples to the laboratory. If the day after you have the possibility to re-test the athlete, do it.
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis Low Gravity Requirements The DCO shall record that the Samples collected belong to a single Athlete and the order in which the Samples were provided.
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis Low Gravity Requirements The DCO shall send to the laboratory for analysis all Samples which were collected, irrespective of whether or not they meet the requirement for Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis
Part 5. Specific Gravity
Part 6. TUE issues
What is a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE)? Athlete has an illness or condition that require him/her to take particular medication(s) The medication(s) given to the athlete happens to fall under the Prohibited List A Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) may give the athlete the authorisation to take the needed medicine(s).
What are the criteria for granting a TUE? The athlete would experience significant health problems without taking the prohibited substance or method The therapeutic use of the substance would not produce significant enhancement of performance There is no reasonable therapeutic alternative to the use of the otherwise prohibited substance or method.
Who grants TUE World Anti-Doping Code International Standard for TUEs International Federations (IFs) and National Anti- Doping Organizations (NADOs) must have a process, whereby athletes with documented medical conditions can request a TUE. Such request shall be appropriately dealt with by a panel of independent physicians called a Therapeutic Use Exemption Committee (TUEC). IFs and NADOs, through their TUECs, are then responsible for granting or declining such applications.
Where should an athlete submit a TUE Application? International Federation International level athlete Athlete entered in an international event for which a TUE issued by his International Federation (IF) is required National Anti-Doping Organization (NADO) National level athlete
Where should an athlete submit a TUE Application? Athletes must not submit TUE Applications to more than one Organisation WADA does not accept TUE Applications from athletes Athletes must request a TUE before taking a prohibited medication, at least 30 days before taking part in an event Special protocols for TUE Applications may be in effect during Major Events. Ask European Athletics or IAAF medical department if there is any variation in the TUE submission protocol for the Event
During the control management What should an athlete do if he/she is notified for doping control while using a prohibited substance under a granted TUE? When filling out the doping control form, DCO has to ask the athlete to declare the substance or medication being used and to specify that a TUE has been granted It is preferable but not mandatory to attach the copy of the TUE Approval form
During the control management Should athletes declare all medications (prescription or otherwise) on the Doping Control Form at the time of doping control? Yes! Athletes are advised to declare all medications and other substances that are being taken or have been taken in the previous seven days
Part 6. TUE issues
Part 7. Supervision of preparation and conduct of testing and actions after the event
After Having Accepted a Mission Get acquainted with details of all applicable Anti-Doping related rules and guidelines Obtain contact details of the Local Organising Committee Contact the official in charge of doping control as soon as the person is appointed by the LOC/Meeting Organiser Obtain all relevant information from the Official in charge of doping control concerning the proposed doping control arrangements at the competition (staffing, facilities, supplies, etc). Be aware of the respective national anti-doping authorities and responsibilities to conduct tests
Actions to take before the Event Evaluate the adequacy of the Doping Control Station (location & set up) Maintain regular contact with the official in charge of doping control Provide progress report to the European Athletics Head Office on regular basis Arange travel details to the venue with the LOC In case of pre-competition testing, obtain: Final Entries Athletes accommodation details (room numbers, date and time of arrival)
Actions to take before the Event Evaluate the adequacy of the Medical Services (if also appointed as Medical Delegate) Get information from LOC regarding: equipment to be used transportation of samples after testing Plan meeting with DCO in charge Plan meeting with Doping Control Chaperones
Check Requirements for DCOs Authorisation ID with name and photo Language (english mandatory) Familiar with IAAF forms and equipment Familiar with IAAF Anti-Doping rules and regulations Sufficient in numbers and of each gender Phlebotomist if needed (special ID)
Check Requirements for Chaperones Must not be a minor Sufficient in number and of different gender No other duties during the Event Free from conflict of interest with athletes that might be tested Ability to: - maintain confidential information - Ability to speak English - Ability to demonstrate respectful
Check Requirements for Chaperones Training/education/exprience Aware of athletes rights and obligations Familiar with IAAF Notification Form Official authorisation and/or Identification card Equipped with pencil, clipboard, watch and mobile phone Checklist for Chaperones!
Actions to take immediately before the Event on Site Briefing of staff Review final doping control plan for Event Inspect Doping Control Station to ensure that facilities meet requirements of IAAF Rules Check Security in Doping Control Station Check sufficient number of collection vessels, sample containers, partial sealing equipment Inspect place of notification Check Doping Control Request form in TIC Check the availability of special passes for athletes and accompanying persons for the Doping Control
Do not forget to: Request any appropriate modifications and/or improvements if necessary Attend the Technical Meeting Select athletes for testing (under witness)
Tasks of the DCD during the Event Supervise notification of Athletes Supervise the sample collection Be a link between National Federations and Doping Control staff Try to remind athletes to get tested if World or European records are set Receive blood screening result from laboratory (if feasible) and evaluate immediately on site (if applicable) Be there and ensure a smooth and comfortable way of testing.
After Sample Collection is finished Make sure that all samples were collected Make sure that athletes are transported to the hotel Help with completing the Chain of Custody Form Ensure proper storage or transportation of samples Collect the original documentation IAAF Notification Forms IAAF Doping Control Forms Additional test request forms Ensure that the copy of the dully signed Chain of Custody form is delivered to European Athletics DCD is the last person who leaves the Doping Control Station
Part 7. Supervision of preparation and conduct of testing and actions after the event
Part 8. Medical exceptional circumstances
Emergencies during the Doping Control How to manage them? Annex D - Collection of urine Samples D.1 Objective To collect an Athlete s urine Sample in a manner that ensures: Consistency with relevant principles of internationally recognised standard precautions in healthcare settings so that the health and safety of the Athlete and Sample Collection Personnel are not compromised;
Emergencies during the Doping Control Medical chief of the competition to confirm if the athlete has to go for a long time in a hospital for emergency. In case of a short treatment, the chaperone should escort the injured athlete to the medical facilities at the stadium or to the hospital If testing is not possible, the chaperone has to inform the DCO and DCD and make a written report to explain these exceptional circumstances. In case of a long lasting treatment, European Athletics advises to stop the control and to do another test when it is possible.
Infusion Therapy IAAF Protocol Intravenous (IV) infusions are prohibited in and out of competition Criteria for evaluating whether IV treatment is medically legitimate or not: 1. the medical treatment (MT) must be necessary to cure an illness or injury of the particular athlete 2. under the given circumstances, there is not valid alternative treatment available which would not fall under the definition of doping 3. the MT is not capable of enhancing the athlete s performance
Infusion Therapy IAAF Protocol Criteria for evaluating whether IV treatment is medically legitimate or not: 4. the MT is preceded by a medical diagnosis of the athlete 5. the MT is diligently applied by a qualified medical personnel in an appropriate medical setting 6. adequate records of the MT are kept, and are available for inspection.
Part 8. Medical exceptional circumstances
Practical Issues