Bicycle Parking Handbook Bicycle A Developer s Guide Parking Handbook
BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK CONTENTS Introduction............................... 3 Background............................... 3 Bicycle Parking Classes..................... 4 Class 1 Facilities........................... 6 Class 2 Facilities.......................... 10 By-law Requirement (draft).................. 16 Bicycle Rack Distributors and Manufacturers.... 18 BIKE LOCKED TO TREE WHEEL BENDER RACK 2
Introduction Cycling is an increasingly popular mode of transportation in Calgary, and cyclists require dedicated parking facilities at their destination. Bicycles locked to trees, posts, fences, or other stationary objects, are evidence of the need for bicycle parking. Rarely used bicycle parking may be of a type that offers little security or an indicator of poor location. This guide provides information on the proper design and placement of bicycle parking and provides tips for planning new parking or improving existing parking. Background In 1992 The City of Calgary began requesting the provision of bicycle parking facilities in specifi c types of new developments at the applicant s expense and on a voluntary basis. Improper bike racks deter cyclists from using them, which may ultimately lead to a reduced usage of the bicycle as an alternative mode of transportation. Developers, architects, and building owners needed information to assist in making an informed decision on adequate parking facilities. As recommended in the Calgary Cycle Plan (1996), The City has been developing bicycle parking requirements for inclusion in the City of Calgary Land Use By-law. These guidelines have been developed to assist developers on choosing the type and location of bicycle parking facilities. Draft requirements for the amount of bicycle parking are provided to support the increasing usage of bicycles for both recreation and utilitarian purposes. BIKE LOCKED TO TREE BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK 3
BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK Bicycle Parking Classes CLASS 1 Class 1 facilities are lockers or controlled areas where a bike can be stored. These facilities will protect bikes from adverse weather conditions, vandalism and theft by enclosing them in secure places. They are suitable for long-term parking at key cycling destinations, such as high-density residential complexes, employment centres and schools. Examples include the Bike N Ride lockers provided at LRT stations and bike cages in select downtown parkades. Protection from inclement weather is an important amenity for cyclists. CANYON MEADOWS LRT LOCKERS BIKE CAGE AT CITY HALL 4
CLASS 2 Class 2 facilities include any device that is specifi cally designed to park bikes. The preferred bike racks allow cyclists to secure both wheels and the bike frame to the rack. These facilities are primarily for short term use at a variety of destinations, including commercial and recreation centres, shopping centres, restaurants and schools. BICYCLE PARKING AT EAU CLAIRE YMCA Most land uses require a combination of Class 1 and Class 2 parking spaces. U-RACKS AT CANYON MEADOWS LRT STATION BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK 5
BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK Class 1 Facilities LOCKERS Lockers provide a very high level of security as well as protection from the elements. This type of secure bike parking is particularly suitable for locations where there is no indoor secure parking available for commuters. Lockers are important to commuter cyclists who may have expensive bicycles and require secure storage all day long. The lockers should be designed for long life, low maintenance and easy replacement and repair. They should be totally enclosed and fi nished to prevent weathering and deterioration. LONG TERM RENTAL LOCKERS AT CANYON MEADOWS LRT STATION To prevent vandalism, lockers should be made of sturdy materials that can handle abuse. Plastic lockers are more expensive than metal lockers, but they offer better security. Hinges should run the full length of doors to prevent lockers from being broken into. Locking mechanisms should be located at three points on the locker door: the top, bottom and the middle. In addition, lockers must be opaque so that thieves cannot target expensive bikes and accessories left in lockers. DAY-USE BIKE LOCKERS AT ANDERSON LRT STATION 6
All lockers should have a high quality built-in locking mechanism. This provides several benefi ts: Lockers can be rented out for a nominal monthly fee; Locker availability is guaranteed for users; and Better security is provided than that offered by personal combination locks. With personal locks, lockers are open when not in use which could result in the vandalism of locker interiors. BIKE LOCKERS AT FISH CREEK LRT STATION Cyclists typically pay a key deposit and rent a locker by the month or for longer periods. Rental fees are generally set at a level to fund long-term administration and maintenance costs over several years. Typical rental fees range from $10 to $15 per month, with a $20 to $40 refundable key deposit. INSTALLATION GUIDELINES Lockers should: be situated to allow easy access for bicycles; have a 2.0 m clearance between the locker doors and any barriers; have an aisle width of 2.0 m between locker units; and be anchored with bolts to either concrete or asphalt surfaces. With a concrete surface, preferably have a concrete pad mount; with an asphalt surface, preferably have an aluminum fl oorplate. To ensure proper installation, please check with the manufacturer prior to installation. BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK 7
BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK CONTROLLED ACCESS PARKING AREAS A cost effective alternative to individual bike lockers is a controlled access area offering a high level of security for cyclists. Controlled access areas may include dedicated rooms in a building or a fenced-off area only accessible to the bicycle owners. Access can be controlled by magnetic card readers, passwords, other electronic access control systems or attendants. For maximum security, an attendant can monitor and check-in bikes. A form of identifi cation would be presented to the attendant in order to retrieve a bike. BIKE CAGE AT CITY HALL The room or cage should also contain bike racks to support the bicycles and to provide extra security against theft. Vertical wall-mounted racks may be used to increase space effi ciency. BIKE ENCLOSURE AT CENTENNIAL PARKADE To reduce the potential for automobile/bicycle confl icts in parking structures, controlled access rooms or cages should be located no lower than the fi rst level below grade. Due to the size of bicycles compared with automobiles, bike parking can be provided with minimal sacrifi ce of automobile spaces. Bicycle parking can also be located in spaces not suitable for automobile parking such as under stairs, under ventilation ducts and in the corners of parking areas. 8
BIKE ENCLOSURE AT MONENCO BUILDING Again, cyclists typically pay a key deposit and rent a space by the month or for longer periods. The Calgary Parking Authority, for example, charges $30 for the key deposit (refundable) and $10 per month at the Centennial Parkade and City Centre Parkade bike enclosures. LOCATION Class 1 parking facilities should be located on site or within 250 metres of the site. Daily bicycle commuters are generally willing to walk a short distance if they are confi dent the parking is secure. BIKE PARKING AT CITY CENTRE PARKADE BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK 9
BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK Class 2 Facilities RACK SELECTION All bicycle racks are not created equal. The old style wheel-bender racks only hold the front or rear wheel of the bicycle and can cause signifi cant damage to bicycles that do not remain upright. Bicycles attached to a wheel-bender rack are more easily stolen because only the front wheel can be locked to the rack. This section of the guide is intended to identify the preferred type of Class 2 bicycle racks for use in the City of Calgary. OLD-STYLE WHEEL-BENDER BIKE RACK U-RACKS AT FISH CREEK LRT STATION 10 U-racks are the preferred type of bike rack. They offer several advantages over other styles: U-racks allow the cyclist to secure the frame and both wheels to the rack, providing more security and deterrent against theft and vandalism; A standard U-lock can be used to secure a bicycle to the U-rack; Bikes are less likely to fall down since U-racks are large enough to support the frame and both wheels in an upright position; Each U-rack can accommodate two bicycles, one on each side; and U-racks do not have any sharp edges or projections where clothing can be caught or where users may suffer injury.
U-racks with creative artistic design elements maintain the functionality while at the same time improving street aesthetics. Examples of artistically designed racks in Calgary include those on Stephen Avenue Mall and the Bike bike racks in Kensington. U-racks with square tubing are preferred to U-racks with circular tubing because square tubing provides better protection from cutting with pipe tube cutters. Flat steel U-racks should not be allowed because they are easier to cut. BIKE BIKE RACKS IN KENSINGTON U-RACKS ON STEPHEN AVENUE MALL Other acceptable racks include ribbon racks and multiple attached racks. These racks allow cyclists to lock one wheel and the frame of the bike to the rack. Since only one wheel can be secured, bicycles may be less stable and there is slightly less security than U-racks. Many of these racks are popular because they are aesthetically pleasing. RIBBON RACK ON BARCLAY MALL MULTIPLE ATTACHED RACK AT GROCERY STORE BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK 11
BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK INSTALLATION GUIDELINES The type of U-rack mounting used is dependent on the situation: Bolted mounting is recommended for U-racks installed in concrete. Metal plates should be used to secure the U-rack to the concrete surface. Concrete bases are recommended for U-racks installed in dirt or asphalt. U-racks should not be fastened to interlocking pavers, stones or other easily removable surfaces. METAL PLATE USED TO BOLT RACK TO CONCRETE MOUNTING MULTIPLE U-RACKS USING METAL PLATES U-racks should be installed perpendicular to a wall or barrier, as long as parked bikes do not interfere with pedestrian or traffi c fl ow and have a minimum lateral clearance of 3.0 metres to install racks perpendicular to a wall: 0.6 metres between the U-rack and the wall, 1.5 metres bike storage distance, and 0.9 metres clearance to the curb. 12 This will ensure that the parked bicycles do not become an obstruction to pedestrians.
PERPENDICULAR INSTALLATION 0.9 m 1.5 m 3.0 m 0.6 m For multiple perpendicular installations, a minimum spacing of 0.6 metres should be provided between racks. When multiple rows of U-racks are installed, a minimum aisle width of 2.0 metres should be provided. 0.6 m 2.0 m MULTIPLE PERPENDICULAR INSTALLATIONS BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK 13
BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK U-racks can also be installed parallel to a building when only a few racks are required. A minimum clearance of 0.6 metres is required between the building and the rack. 0.9 metres of pedestrian clearance between the rack and the curb is desirable. Additional racks should be spaced a minimum of 2.0 metres apart. 2.0 m 0.6 m 0.9 m PARALLEL INSTALLATION Installation guidelines for other racks are usually displayed on company websites. 14
LOCATION Bike parking should be located in well-lit and highly visible locations to ensure security and personal safety. Bike parking facilities that are visually or physically isolated from public view will be underused and more prone to vandalism and theft. For convenience, bike parking should be located on the same site as the building. Parking spaces should be located within 15 m of the main entrance of a site and closer to the entrance than the closest car parking space. If there is more than one building on a site or more than one main entrance, parking spaces should be provided to serve all main entrances. Class 2 parking should be protected from the weather where possible. Covered parking can be in the form of an overhang, an awning, a covered walkway or a freestanding roof. The cover should extend at least 0.6 m beyond the parking area to prevent the wind from blowing rain and snow onto bikes. In addition, parking should be located away from roof drip areas to prevent discomfort and harm to cyclists from dripping rain and falling icicles. Bicycle parking located within the street allowance should be placed adjacent to the curb in the utility right-of-way where the street furniture, light poles and trees are located. Bike racks should be oriented so that when placed in the rack, bikes are parallel the sidewalk. Bike parking on curb extensions reduces bike/pedestrian confl icts on sidewalks and enhances the traffi c calming effects of curb extensions. On-street bike parking reduces the competing uses for sidewalk space and recognizes the bicycle s role as a vehicle. BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK 15
BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK By-law Requirement (draft) The City of Calgary is in the process of updating its Land Use By-law. In the interim, bicycle parking can be made a condition of development permit approval for applicable types of development. As part of this update, the need for bicycle parking is being reviewed. The following table should be used as a guideline to determine the amount of bicycle parking to provide. In addition, some Class 2 parking spaces should be reserved for couriers in the downtown. Parking for couriers should be clearly marked so that long-term parking does not occupy courier parking spaces. These dedicated spaces should be located within 10 m of the main entrance used by couriers. BICYCLE RACK RESERVED FOR COURIERS 16
Development Type Parking Requirement Class 1 Class 2 Residential Single family and duplex None None Multi-unit < 20 units None Minimum 6 20 units 0.5 spaces / unit 0.1 spaces / unit Minimum 6 Office Downtown 1 space / 600 m 2 GFA 1 space / 1000 m 2 GFA Non-downtown 1 space / 1000 m 2 GFA Minimum 6 Retail Individual Establishment None 1 space / 250 m 2 GFA Minimum 4 Enclosed Shopping Mall 2% of auto spaces 3% of auto spaces Regional/Neighbourhood None 5% of auto spaces Shopping Centre Industrial All sites None 1 space / 2000 m 2 GFA Schools Elementary, Junior, Senior 3% of employees 10% of students College, University 3% of staff + students 3% of students Hospital All sites 4% of employees 1 space / 1000 m 2 GFA Cultural & Recreational All sites None 10% of auto spaces Transit Stations LRT stations Minimum 8 lockers Minimum 10 spaces Parkades All sites 2.5% of auto spaces 2.5% of auto spaces BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK 17
BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK Bicycle Rack Distributors and Manufacturers Please note that not all products from each manufacturer are acceptable for use in the City of Calgary. The City of Calgary does not specifi cally endorse any of these suppliers or products. For product specifi c information, or for pricing, please contact the distributors directly. CALGARY DISTRIBUTORS Habitat Systems Inc. P.O. Box 5131, Station A Calgary, AB T2H 1X3 Phone: (403) 294-1919 Fax: (403) 294-1991 Website: www.habitatsystems.com Distributor for: Dero Bike Rack www.dero.com Fusion Coatings www.fusioncoatings.com Landscape Structures www.playlsi.com Shanahan s Manufacturing 2731-57 th Avenue SE Calgary, AB T2C 0B2 Phone: (403) 279-2890 Fax: (403) 203-3345 Website: www.shanahans.com Distributor for: Dobra Design www.dobradesign.com Madrax www.madrax.com 18
CALGARY MANUFACTURER Custom Park & Leisure 945 West Chestermere Drive Chestermere, AB T1X 1B7 Phone: (403) 569-8180 Fax: (403) 272-4544 Website: www.custompark.com Manufacturer of U-Racks. OTHER MANUFACTURERS Company Bike Security Racks Creative Pipe Cycle-Safe Cora Products Function First Bike Security Graber Products Palmer Group Sports Rack Sunshine U-LOK Website www.bikeracks.com www.creativepipe.com www.cycle-safe.com www.cora.com www.bikerack.com www.graberparking.com www.bikeparking.com www.parkabike.com www.sunshineu-lok.com BICYCLE PARKING HANDBOOK 19
For additional information or guidance, please contact Transportation Solutions Group Planning & Transportation Policy The City of Calgary (403) 268-CYCLE (2925) cycle@calgary.ca www.calgary.ca 2002 The City of Calgary