Chemical Use in Aquaculture BY Mukda UTTARAPONG Kom SILAPAJARN Department of Fisheries, THAILAND 2 1 Email : 1 mukda.uttarapong@gmail.com 2 ksilapajarn@yahoo.com
Aquaculture - Releasing young organisms into the wild to increase natural population size - Contain organisms in pen, cage - organisms in closed system 1
Total catch by sub- sector, 1998-2007 2
Production of aquaculture by country of the world, 2003-2007 Country Total of the world 2546 (2003) 2547 (2004) 2548 (2005) 2549 (2006) Unit : 1,000 ton 2550 (2007) 38,909.9 41,889.6 44,282.3 47,321.7 50,328.8 China 25,083.3 26,567.2 28,120.7 29,856.8 31,420.3 India 2,313.0 2,794.6 2,962.0 3,169.3 3,354.8 Viet Nam 937.5 1,198.6 1,437.3 1,657.7 2,156.5 Indonesia 996.7 1,045.1 1,197.1 1,292.9 1,392.9 Thailand 1,064.4 1,260.0 1,304.2 1,407.0 1,390.0 Source : Fisheries Statistics of Thailand 2007, refer to FAO yearbook 2007, Aquaculture production Statistics. 3
Culture Species 1. Coastal zone 2. Freshwater zone 1. Coastal zone : - shrimp : white leg shrimp 97% : tiger prawn 3% - mollusc : green mussel - fish : sea bass : grouper 4
Culture Species 2. Freshwater zone: - fish : nile tilapia 45% : catfish 26% : common silver barb 23% : snake skin gourami 6% - prawn : giant freshwater prawn 6% 5
Location & Yield Shrimp culture production : 523,226 ton Zone Area 1 East province 2 Central province 3 Upper south province 4 South-east coast 5 South-west coast 6
Coastal zone 1 :East province Province Yield (ton) Chantaburi 40,804 Trad 37,982 7
Coastal zone 2 :Central province Province Yield (ton) Chachoengsoa 39,581 8
Coastal zone 3 : Upper south province Province Yield (ton) Surat Thani 44,776 Prachuap Kiri Khan 24,704 Chumporn 24,577 9
Coastal zone 4 : South-east coast Province Yield (ton) Songkhla 46,328 Nakorn Sri Thammarat 35,018 10
Coastal zone 5 : South-west coast Province Yield (ton) Trang 33,356 Krabi 28,398 Phangnga 26,816 Satun 24,487 11
Tilapia production : 213,812 ton -Chiang-Rai - Nakorn Sawan 12
Chemical Substances in Aquaculture I Hatchery : water disinfection - Chlorine releasing agent ; calcium hypochlorite - BKC - Iodine : equipments, tank, net etc. - disinfectant products (product ingredient : mixture of substances) II Nursery -water disinfection - equipments, tank, net etc. 13
Chemical Substances in Aquaculture III Growout Pond : pond preparation -lime - chlorine releasing agent - trichlorfon -tea seed : growout phase -BKC -Trifluralin - microbial products 14
Agencies monitor aquaculture activity - Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Bureau - Inland Fisheries Research and Development Bureau 15
Department of Fisheries - Good Aquaculture Practise (GAP) - Code of Conduct -New GAP National Bureau of Agriculture Commodity and Standard - standard for aquaculture Example : - shrimp - snake skin gourami - freshwater prawn 16
Action plan : sampling -drug residue - dye : MG, LMG - Chemical elements : Pb, Hg, Cd -steroids - organochlorine include PCBs No. of samples more than 5,000 17
Regulatory Body for Chemicals Harzardous Substance Act B.E. 2535 Ministry of Industry Ministry of Public Health Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative - Dept. of Agriculture - Dept. of Liverstock 18
Regulatory Body for Chemicals - Dept. of Fisheries - Inland Fisheries Research and Development Bureau - Inland Fisheries Resources Research and Development Institute - chemicals used for aquaculture 19
Regulation notify in the Government Gazette list of the chemicals under jurisdiction of Department of Fisheries whole process were regulated form import, produce, possess and export 20
Import - inform amount of import substance every shipment Produce - inform production per year - some chemicals need license of produce Possess : - need license Export : - need export license shipment - inform amount of export every 21
Harzard Substances Type I - Calcium hypochlorite - Sodium hydroxide -Sodium hypochlorite 22
Harzard Substances Type II -Formaldehyde - Microorganism - products containing active ingredients intended to use for preventing, destroying or controlling microorganism, parasite, unwanted plants and animals 23
Harzard Substances Type III - Acetic acid - BKC - Fentin acetate - Hydrochloric acid - Rotenone - Trichlorfon - Trifluralin - Glutaraldehyde - Peracetic acid - Malachite green hydrochloride - Malachite green oxalate 24
Harzard Substances Type IV - trichloroisocyanuric acid and its salts - malachite green hydrochloride - malachite green oxalate 25
Harzard Substances Type II, III Step 1 registration - efficacy test report - toxicology report - residue report (option) Step 2 permit for type III substances -import -produce - possess - export 26
Fish Farmer DOF provide training about GAP GAP farm visited -extension officer - coastal / freshwater station / centre 27
Service for Farmer coastal / freshwater station / centre - analyse water quality - diagnose pathogen - advice to use drug/chemical - sampling feed, water, shrimp / fish 27
Sawaddee!!!